Primary sclerosing cholangitis

European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2022 Sep;77(3):761-806.全文  摘要

Bowlus CL, Arrivé L, Bergquist A, et al. AASLD practice guidance on primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology. 2023 Feb 1;77(2):659-702.全文  摘要

Chapman R, Fevery J, Kalloo A, et al. Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2010 Feb;51(2):660-78.全文  摘要

Dave M, Elmunzer BJ, Dwamena BA, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of MR cholangiopancreatography. Radiology. 2010 Aug;256(2):387-96. 摘要

LaRusso NF, Shneider BL, Black D, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: summary of a workshop. Hepatology. 2006 Sep;44(3):746-64. 摘要

Poropat G, Giljaca V, Stimac D, et al. Bile acids for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19;(1):CD003626.全文  摘要

1. LaRusso NF, Shneider BL, Black D, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: summary of a workshop. Hepatology. 2006 Sep;44(3):746-64. 摘要

2. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2022 Sep;77(3):761-806.全文  摘要

3. Bowlus CL, Arrivé L, Bergquist A, et al. AASLD practice guidance on primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology. 2023 Feb 1;77(2):659-702.全文  摘要

4. Kingham JG, Kochar N, Gravenor MB. Incidence, clinical patterns and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in South Wales, United Kingdom. Gastroenterology 2004 Jun;126(7):1929-30. 摘要

5. Kaplan GG, Laupland KB, Butzner D, et al. The burden of large and small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis in adults and children: a population-based analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 May;102(5):1042-9. 摘要

6. Bambha K, Kim WR, Talwalkar J, et al. Incidence, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a United States community. Gastroenterology. 2003 Nov;125(5):1364-9. 摘要

7. Floreani A, Rizzotto ER, Ferrara F, et al. Clinical course and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis/primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jul;100(7):1516-22. 摘要

8. Tischendorf JJ, Hecker H, Kruger M, et al. Characterization, outcome, and prognosis in 273 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a single center study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan;102(1):107-14. 摘要

9. Tabibian JH, Ali AH, Lindor KD. Primary sclerosing cholangitis, part 1: epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2018 May;14(5):293-304.全文  摘要

10. Tanaka A, Takikawa H. Geoepidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a critical review. J Autoimmun. 2013 Aug 7;46:35-40. 摘要

11. Bergquist A, Said K, Broome U. Changes over a 20-year period in the clinical presentation of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Sweden. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan;42(1):88-93. 摘要

12. Angulo P, Maor-Kendler Y, Lindor K. Small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis: a long-term follow-up study. Hepatology. 2002 Jun;35(6):1494-500. 摘要

13. Karlsen TH, Folseraas T, Thorburn D, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis - a comprehensive review. J Hepatol. 2017 Aug 10;67(6):1298-323.全文  摘要

14. Escorsell A, Pares A, Rodes J, et al. Epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Spain. Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol. 1994 Nov;21(5):787-91. 摘要

15. Takikawa H. Characteristics of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Japan. Hepatol Res. 2007 Oct;37 Suppl 3:S470-3. 摘要

16. Hov JR, Boberg KM, Karlsen TH. Autoantibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jun 28;14(24):3781-91. 摘要

17. Saarinen S, Olerup O, Broome U. Increased frequency of autoimmune diseases in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Nov;95(11):3195-9. 摘要

18. Donaldson PT, Norris S. Evaluation of the role of MHC class II alleles, haplotypes and selected amino acid sequences in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Autoimmunity. 2002 Dec;35(8):555-64. 摘要

19. Bergquist A, Montgomery SM, Bahmanyar S, et al. Increased risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis in first-degree relatives of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Aug;6(8):939-43. 摘要

20. Grant AJ, Lalor PF, Salmi M, et al. Homing of mucosal lymphocytes to the liver in the pathogenesis of hepatic complications of inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet. 2002 Jan 12;359(9301):150-7. 摘要

21. Olsson R, Björnsson E, Bäckman L, et al. Bile duct bacterial isolates in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a study of explanted livers. J Hepatol. 1998 Mar;28(3):426-32. 摘要

22. Katabi N, Albores-Saavedra J. The extrahepatic bile duct lesions in end-stage primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003 Mar;27(3):349-55. 摘要

23. Chapman R, Cullen S. Etiopathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jun 7;14(21):3350-9. 摘要

24. Loftus EV Jr, Harewood GC, Loftus CG, et al. PSC-IBD: a unique form of inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut. 2005 Jan;54(1):91-6.全文  摘要

25. Abdalian R, Heathcote EJ. Sclerosing cholangitis: a focus on secondary causes. Hepatology. 2006 Nov;44(5):1063-74. 摘要

26. Broomé U, Olsson R, Lööf L, et al. Natural history and prognostic factors in 305 Swedish patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut. 1996 Apr;38(4):610-5.全文  摘要

27. Wilschanski M, Chait P, Wade JA, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis in 32 children: clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features, with survival analysis. Hepatology. 1995 Nov;22(5):1415-22. 摘要

28. Afdhal N, McHutchison J, Brown R, et al. Thrombocytopenia associated with chronic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2008 Jun;48(6):1000-7.全文  摘要

29. Boberg KM, Aadland E, Jahnsen J, et al. Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998 Jan;33(1):99-103. 摘要

30. Chapman R, Fevery J, Kalloo A, et al. Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2010 Feb;51(2):660-78.全文  摘要

31. Walker SL, McCormick PA. Diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis: an "evidence based radiology" review. Abdom Imaging. 2008 Jan-Feb;33(1):14-7. 摘要

32. Campbell WL, Peterson MS, Federle MP, et al. Using CT and cholangiography to diagnose biliary tract carcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001 Nov;177(5):1095-100.全文  摘要

33. Ament AE, Haaga JR, Wiedenmann SD, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: CT findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1983 Oct;7(5):795-800. 摘要

34. Lindor KD, Kowdley KV, Harrison ME; American College of Gastroenterology. ACG clinical guideline: primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 May;110(5):646-59.全文  摘要

35. Dave M, Elmunzer BJ, Dwamena BA, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of MR cholangiopancreatography. Radiology. 2010 Aug;256(2):387-96. 摘要

36. de Rougemont O, Dutkowski P, Clavien PA. Clinical update on inflammatory disorders of the GI tract: liver transplantation. In: Mayerle J, Tilg H, eds. Clinical update on inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Frontiers of Gastrointestinal Research. Vol. 26. Basel: Karger; 2010:59-71.

37. Terada T, Nakanuma Y. Intrahepatic cholangiographic appearance simulating primary sclerosing cholangitis in several hepatobiliary diseases: a postmortem cholangiographic and histopathological study in 154 livers at autopsy. Hepatology. 1995 Jul;22(1):75-81. 摘要

38. Zein CO, Jorgensen RA, Clarke B, et al. Alendronate improves bone mineral density in primary biliary cirrhosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology. 2005 Oct;42(4):762-71.全文  摘要

39. Collier J. Bone disorders in chronic liver disease. Hepatology. 2007 Oct;46(4):1271-8.全文  摘要

40. Vleggaar FP, Lutgens MW, Claessen MM, et al. Review article: the relevance of surveillance endoscopy in long-lasting inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Dec;26 Suppl 2:47-52. 摘要

41. Burak KW, Angulo P, Lindor KD. Is there a role for liver biopsy in primary sclerosing cholangitis? Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 May;98(5):1155-8. 摘要

42. Wiesner RH, LaRusso NF, Ludwig J, et al. Comparison of the clinicopathologic features of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1985 Jan;88(1 Pt 1):108-14. 摘要

43. Ludwig J, Barham SS, LaRusso NF, et al. Morphologic features of chronic hepatitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis. Hepatology. 1981 Nov-Dec;1(6):632-40. 摘要

44. Baron TH, Harewood GC, Rumalla A, et al. A prospective comparison of digital image analysis and routine cytology for the identification of malignancy in biliary tract strictures. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Mar;2(3):214-9. 摘要

45. Liew ZH, Loh TJ, Lim TK, et al. Role of fluorescence in situ hybridization in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma in indeterminate biliary strictures. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jan;33(1):315-9. 摘要

46. Feldstein AE, Perrault J, El-Youssif M, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children: a long-term follow-up study. Hepatology. 2003 Jul;38(1):210-7. 摘要

47. Etzel JP, Eng SC, Ko CW, et al. Complications after ERCP in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008 Apr;67(4):643-8. 摘要

48. Nishino T, Oyama H, Hashimoto E, et al. Clinicopathological differentiation between sclerosing cholangitis with autoimmune pancreatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jul;42(7):550-9. 摘要

49. Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 1999 Nov;31(5):929-38. 摘要

50. Kaplan MM, Gershwin ME. Primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2005 Sep 22;353(12):1261-73. 摘要

51. LaRusso NF, Shneider BL, Black D, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: summary of a workshop. Hepatology. 2006 Sep;44(3):746-64. 摘要

52. Navaneethan U, Shen B. Hepatopancreatobiliary manifestations and complications associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 Sep;16(9):1598-619.全文  摘要

53. Belle A, Laurent V, Pouillon L, et al. Systematic screening for primary sclerosing cholangitis with magnetic resonance cholangiography in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2018 Oct;50(10):1012-18.全文  摘要

54. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria®: abnormal liver function tests. 2023 [internet publication].全文

55. Chapman MH, Thorburn D, Hirschfield GM, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology and UK-PSC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut. 2019 Aug;68(8):1356-78.全文  摘要

56. Carey JB Jr, Williams G. Relief of the pruritus of jaundice with a bile-acid sequestering resin. JAMA. 1961 May 6;176:432-5. 摘要

57. Khurana S, Singh P. Rifampin is safe for treatment of pruritus due to chronic cholestasis: a meta-analysis of prospective randomized-controlled trials. Liver Int. 2006 Oct;26(8):943-8. 摘要

58. Terg R, Coronel E, Sordá J, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral naltrexone treatment for pruritus of cholestasis, a crossover, double blind, placebo-controlled study. J Hepatol. 2002 Dec;37(6):717-22. 摘要

59. Mayo MJ, Handem I, Saldana S, et al. Sertraline as a first-line treatment for cholestatic pruritus. Hepatology. 2007 Mar;45(3):666-74.全文  摘要

60. Singh S, Khanna S, Pardi DS, et al. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid use on the risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Jul;19(8):1631-8. 摘要

61. Michaels A, Levy C. The medical management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Medscape J Med. 2008 Mar 12;10(3):61.全文  摘要

62. Manns MP, Czaja AJ, Gorham JD, et al. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 2010 Jun;51(6):2193-213.全文  摘要

63. Gluck M, Cantone NR, Brandaburr JJ, et al. A twenty-year experience with endoscopic therapy for symptomatic primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008 Oct;42(9):1032-9. 摘要

64. Gotthardt DN, Rudolph G, Klöters-Plachky P, et al. Endoscopic dilation of dominant stenoses in primary sclerosing cholangitis: outcome after long-term treatment. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Mar;71(3):527-34. 摘要

65. Aljiffry M, Renfrew PD, Walsh MJ, et al. Analytical review of diagnosis and treatment strategies for dominant bile duct strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. HPB (Oxford). 2011 Feb;13(2):79-90. 摘要

66. Kaya M, Petersen BT, Angulo P, et al. Balloon dilation compared to stenting of dominant strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Apr;96(4):1059-66. 摘要

67. Ponsioen CY, Arnelo U, Bergquist A, et al. No superiority of stents vs balloon dilatation for dominant strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 May 24;155(3):752-9.e5. 摘要

68. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Coelho-Prabhu N, Forbes N, et al. Adverse events associated with EGD and EGD-related techniques. Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 Sep;96(3):389-401.e1.全文  摘要

69. Stiehl A, Rudolph G, Kloters-Plachky P, et al. Development of dominant bile duct stenoses in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid: outcome after endoscopic treatment. J Hepatol. 2002 Feb;36(2):151-6. 摘要

70. Hirota WK, Petersen K, Baron TH, et al. Guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis for GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Oct;58(4):475-82. 摘要

71. Pawlik TM, Olbrecht VA, Pitt HA, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: role of extrahepatic biliary resection. J Am Coll Surg. 2008 May;206(5):822-30. 摘要

72. Graziadei IW. Wiesner RH, Marotta PJ, et al. Long-term results of patients undergoing liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 1999 Nov;30(5):1121-7. 摘要

73. Graziadei IW, Wiesner RH, Batts KP, et al. Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation. Hepatology. 1999 Apr;29(4):1050-6. 摘要

74. Gordon F. Recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis: clinical diagnosis and long-term management issues. Liver Transpl. 2006 Nov;12(11 Suppl 2):S73-5. 摘要

75. Alexander J, Lord JD, Yeh MM, et al. Risk factors for recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2008 Feb;14(2):245-51. 摘要

76. Campsen J, Zimmerman MA, Trotter JF, et al. Clinically recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation: a time course. Liver Transpl. 2008 Feb;14(2):181-5. 摘要

77. Poropat G, Giljaca V, Stimac D, et al. Bile acids for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19;(1):CD003626.全文  摘要

78. Eaton JE, Silveira MG, Pardi DS, et al. High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid is associated with the development of colorectal neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;106(9):1638-45. 摘要

79. Deneau M, Perito E, Ricciuto A, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in pediatric primary sclerosing cholangitis: predictors of gamma glutamyltransferase normalization and favorable clinical course. J Pediatr. 2019 Jun;209:92-96.e1. 摘要

80. Deneau MR, Mack C, Mogul D, et al. Oral vancomycin, ursodeoxycholic acid, or no therapy for pediatric primary sclerosing cholangitis: a matched analysis. Hepatology. 2021 Mar;73(3):1061-73. 摘要

81. Hilscher M, Enders FB, Carey EJ, et al.  Alkaline phosphatase normalization is a biomarker of improved survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Ann Hepatol. 2016 Mar-Apr;15(2):246-53. 摘要

82. Al Mamari S, Djordjevic J, Halliday JS, et al. Improvement of serum alkaline phosphatase to <1.5 upper limit of normal predicts better outcome and reduced risk of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2013 Feb;58(2):329-34. 摘要

83. Stanich PP, Björnsson E, Gossard AA, et al. Alkaline phosphatase normalization is associated with better prognosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Liver Dis. 2011 Apr;43(4):309-13. 摘要

84. Wunsch E, Trottier J, Milkiewicz M, et al. Prospective evaluation of ursodeoxycholic acid withdrawal in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2014 Jul 30;60(3):931-40.全文  摘要

85. Black DD, Mack C, Kerkar N, et al. A prospective trial of withdrawal and reinstitution of ursodeoxycholic acid in pediatric primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatol Commun. 2019 Nov;3(11):1482-95.全文  摘要

86. Stokkeland K, Höijer J, Bottai M, et al. Statin use is associated with improved outcomes of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Aug;17(9):1860-6.e1. 摘要

87. Hey P, Lokan J, Johnson P, et al. Efficacy of oral vancomycin in recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Sep 25;2017:bcr-2017-221165.全文  摘要

88. Tabibian JH, Weeding E, Jorgensen RA, et al. Randomised clinical trial: vancomycin or metronidazole in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis - a pilot study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Feb 5;37(6):604-12.全文  摘要

89. de Chambrun GP, Nachury M, Funakoshi N, et al. Oral vancomycin induces sustained deep remission in adult patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Oct;30(10):1247-52. 摘要

90. Davies YK, Cox KM, Abdullah BA, et al. Long-term treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children with oral vancomycin: an immunomodulating antibiotic. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008 Jul;47(1):61-7.全文  摘要

91. Allegretti JR, Kassam Z, Carrellas M, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a pilot clinical trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Jul;114(7):1071-9. 摘要

92. Kowdley KV, Vuppalanchi R, Levy C, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II study of obeticholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2020 Jul;73(1):94-101.全文  摘要

93. Fickert P, Hirschfield GM, Denk G, et al. norUrsodeoxycholic acid improves cholestasis in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2017 Sep;67(3):549-58.全文  摘要

94. de Vries E, Bolier R, Goet J, et al. Fibrates for Itch (FITCH) in fibrosing cholangiopathies: a double-blind, randomized, Placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2021 Feb;160(3):734-43.e6.全文  摘要

95. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases. J Hepatol. 2009 Aug;51(2):237-67.全文  摘要

96. Wiesner RH, Grambsch PM, Dickson ER, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: natural history, prognostic factors and survival analysis. Hepatology. 1989 Oct;10(4):430-6. 摘要

97. Claessen MM, Vleggaar FP, Tytgat KM, et al. High lifetime risk of cancer in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2009 Jan;50(1):158-64. 摘要

98. Cangemi JR, Wiesner RH, Beaver SJ, et al. Effect of proctocolectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis on the natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 1989 Mar;96(3):790-4. 摘要

99. Broomé U, Glaumann H, Lindstöm E, et al. Natural history and outcome in 32 Swedish patients with small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2002 May;36(5):586-9. 摘要

100. Björnsson E, Olsson R, Bergquist A, et al. The natural history of small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 2008 Apr;134(4):975-80. 摘要

101. Van Buuren HR, van Hoogstraten HJE, Terkivatan T, et al. High prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis among patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2000 Oct;33(4):543-8. 摘要

102. Gregorio GV, Portmann B, Karani J, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis/sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome in childhood: a 16-year prospective study. Hepatology. 2001 Mar;33(3):544-53. 摘要

103. Farrant JM, Hayllar KM, Wilkinson ML, et al. Natural history and prognostic variables in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 1991 Jun;100(6):1710-7. 摘要

104. Kim WR, Therneau TM, Wiesner RH, et al. A revised natural history model for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000 Jul;75(7):688-94. 摘要

105. Burak K, Angulo P, Pasha TM, et al. Incidence and risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Mar;99(3):523-6. 摘要

106. Bowlus CL, Lim JK, Lindor KD. AGA clinical practice update on surveillance for hepatobiliary cancers in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: expert review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Nov;17(12):2416-22.全文  摘要

107. Ryder SD; British Society of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in adults. Gut. 2003 May;52 Suppl 3:iii1-8.全文  摘要

108. Bergquist A, Ekbom A, Olsson R, et al. Hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2002 Mar;36(3):321-7. 摘要

109. Barner-Rasmussen N, Pukkala E, Jussila A, et al. Epidemiology, risk of malignancy and patient survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a population-based study in Finland. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;55(1):74-81. 摘要

110. Levy C, Lymp J, Angulo P, et al. The value of serum CA 19-9 in predicting cholangiocarcinomas in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2005 Sep;50(9):1734-40. 摘要

111. Fevery J, Verslype C, Lai G, et al. Incidence, diagnosis, and therapy of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Nov;52(11):3123-35. 摘要

112. Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Enders FB, Halling KC, et al. Utility of serum markers, imaging, and biliary cytology for detecting cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2008 Oct;48(4):1106-17. 摘要

113. Nichols JC, Gores GJ, LaRusso NF, et al. Diagnostic role of serum CA 19-9 for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mayo Clin Proc. 1993 Sep;68(9):874-9. 摘要

114. Chalasani N, Baluyut A, Ismail A, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a multicenter case-control study. Hepatology. 2000 Jan;31(1):7-11.全文  摘要

115. Tabibian JH, Ali AH, Lindor KD. Primary sclerosing cholangitis, part 2: cancer risk, prevention, and surveillance. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2018 Jul;14(7):427-32.全文  摘要

116. Jorgensen RA, Lindor KD, Sartin JS, et al. Serum lipid and fat-soluble vitamin levels in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1995 Apr;20(3):215-9. 摘要

117. Yamamoto T, Uki K, Takeuchi K, et al. Early gallbladder carcinoma associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol. 2003;38(7):704-6. 摘要

118. Soetikno RM, Lin OS, Heidenreich PA, et al. Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002 Jul;56(1):48-54. 摘要

119. Tung BY, Emond MJ, Haggitt RC, et al. Ursodiol use is associated with lower prevalence of colonic neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Jan 16;134(2):89-95. 摘要

120. Pardi DS, Loftus EV Jr, Kremers WK, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid as a chemopreventive agent in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 2003 Apr;124(4):889-93. 摘要

121. Eaden JA, Mayberry JF; British Society for Gastroenterology; Association of Coloproctology for Great Britain and Ireland. Guidelines for screening and surveillance of asymptomatic colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2002 Oct;51 Suppl 5:V10-2.全文  摘要