Summary
Diagnósticos diferenciais
comuns
- Stroke and transient ischemic attack
- Head injury
- Dementia
- Delirium
- Seizures with possible postictal state
- Myocardial infarction
- Congestive heart failure
- Ventricular arrhythmias
- Depression
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypernatremia
- Hyponatremia
- Dehydration (volume depletion)
- Hypothermia
- Hypoxia
- Hypercapnia
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Uremia
- Severe systemic infection
- Bipolar disorder
- Brief psychotic disorder
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Alcohol toxicity
- Drug toxicity
- Drug withdrawal
- Hip fracture
- Pulmonary embolism
Incomuns
- Subdural hematoma
- Epidural hematoma
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Brain tumor
- Nonconvulsive status epilepticus
- Hypertensive encephalopathy
- Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency)
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Hyperthermia
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Myxedema coma
- Pituitary apoplexy
- Meningitis
- Encephalitis
- Neurosyphilis
- Brain abscess
- Mesenteric ischemia
- Appendicitis
- Acute diverticulitis
- Constipation
Colaboradores
Autores
Gary Blanchard, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester
MA
Declarações
GB declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimentos
Dr Gary Blanchard would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr David Dosa, a previous contributor to this topic.
Declarações
DD declares that he has no competing interests.
Revisores
Timothy Collins, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine
Division of Neurology
Duke University Medical Center
Durham
NC
Declarações
TC has worked as a paid speaker for GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer in 2008 and 2009.
Kunle Ashaye, MD
Consultant in Old Age Psychiatry
Mental Health Unit
Lister Hospital
Stevenage
UK
Declarações
KA declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referências
Principais artigos
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.
Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021 Nov 1;49(11):e1063-143.Texto completo Resumo
McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):263-9.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
Alzheimer's dementia: what are the treatment options?
Alzheimer disease and other kinds of dementia
Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientesConectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice
O uso deste conteúdo está sujeito ao nosso aviso legal