References
Key articles
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012 Mar;2(1):1-138.Full text
Palevsky PM, Liu KD, Brophy PD, et al. KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013 May;61(5):649-72.Full text Abstract
Moore PK, Hsu RK, Liu KD. Management of acute kidney injury: core curriculum 2018. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018 Jul;72(1):136-48.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
1. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012 Mar;2(1):1-138.Full text
2. Palevsky PM, Liu KD, Brophy PD, et al. KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013 May;61(5):649-72.Full text Abstract
3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Acute kidney injury: prevention, detection and management. Oct 2024 [internet publication].Full text
4. Thomas ME, Blaine C, Dawnay A, et al. The definition of acute kidney injury and its use in practice. Kidney Int. 2015 Jan;87(1):62-73. Abstract
5. Sharfuddin AA, Weisbord SD, Palevsky PM, et al. Acute kidney injury. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, et al, eds. Brenner and Rector's the kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2012.
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hospitalization discharge diagnoses for kidney disease: United States, 1980-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Mar 28;57(12):309-12. Abstract
7. Ali T, Khan I, Simpson W, et al. Incidence and outcomes in acute kidney injury: a comprehensive population-based study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Apr;18(4):1292-8.Full text Abstract
8. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2022 United States Renal Data System (USRDS) annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. 2022 [internet publication].Full text
9. Wang HE, Muntner P, Chertow GM, et al. Acute kidney injury and mortality in hospitalized patients. Am J Nephrol. 2012;35(4):349-55.Full text Abstract
10. Case J, Khan S, Khalid R, et al. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Res Pract. 2013;2013:479730.Full text Abstract
11. Ohnuma T, Uchino S, Toki N, et al. External validation for acute kidney injury severity scores: a multicenter retrospective study in 14 Japanese ICUs. Am J Nephrol. 2015;42(1):57-64. Abstract
12. Poukkanen M, Vaara ST, Reinikainen M, et al. Predicting one-year mortality of critically ill patients with early acute kidney injury: data from the prospective multicenter FINNAKI study. Crit Care. 2015 Mar 27;19:125.Full text Abstract
13. Mehta R, Pascual MT, Soroko S, et al. Spectrum of acute renal failure in the intensive care unit: the PICARD experience. Kidney Int. 2004 Oct;66(4):1613-21. Abstract
14. Liaño F, Pascual J. Epidemiology of acute renal failure: a prospective, multicenter, community-based study. Madrid Acute Renal Failure Study Group. Kidney Int. 1996 Sep;50(3):811-8. Abstract
15. Wu MY, Lo WC, Wu YC, et al. The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy and the need of dialysis in patients receiving angiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Apr 27;9:862534.Full text Abstract
16. Liangos O, Wald R, O'Bell JW, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients: a national survey. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Jan;1(1):43-51.Full text Abstract
17. Lameire N, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. Acute renal failure. Lancet. 2005 Jan 29-Feb 4;365(9457):417-30. Abstract
18. Myers BD, Moran SM. Hemodynamically mediated acute renal failure. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jan 9;314(2):97-105. Abstract
19. Brezis M, Rosen S, Silva P, et al. Renal ischemia: a new perspective. Kidney Int. 1984 Oct;26(4):375-83. Abstract
20. Kaushal GP, Basnakian AG, Shah SV. Apoptotic pathways in ischemic acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 2004 Aug;66(2):500-6. Abstract
21. Zhou W, Farrar CA, Abe K, et al. Predominant role for C5b-9 in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest. 2000 May;105(10):1363-71.Full text Abstract
22. Thurman J, Lucia MS, Ljubanovic D, et al. Acute tubular necrosis is characterized by activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Kidney Int. 2005 Feb;67(2):524-30. Abstract
23. Bonventre JV, Zuk A. Ischemic acute renal failure: an inflammatory disease? Kidney Int. 2004 Aug;66(2):480-5. Abstract
24. Lien YH, Yong KC, Cho C, et al. S1P(1) selective agonist, SEW2871, ameliorates ischemic-reperfusion injury in acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 2006 May;69(9):1601-8. Abstract
25. Boffa JJ, Arendshorst WJ, et al. Maintenance of renal vascular reactivity contributes to acute renal failure during endotoxemic shock. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Jan;16(1):117-24. Abstract
26. Boffa JJ, Just A, Coffman TM, et al. Thromboxane receptor mediates renal vasoconstriction and contributes to acute renal failure in endotoxemic mice. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Sep;15(9):2358-65. Abstract
27. Khan RZ, Badr KF. Endotoxin and renal function: perspectives to the understanding of septic acute renal failure and toxic shock. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999 Apr;14(4):814-8. Abstract
28. Schrier RW, Wang W. Acute renal failure and sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jul 8;351(2):159-69. Abstract
29. Badr KF, Kelley VE, Rennke HG, et al. Roles for thromboxane A2 and leukotrienes in endotoxin-induced acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 1986 Oct;30(4):474-80. Abstract
30. Persson P, Hansell P, Liss P. Pathophysiology of contrast medium-induced nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2005 Jul;68(1):14-22. Abstract
31. Heyman S, Rosenberger C, Rosen S, et al. Regional alterations in renal haemodynamics and oxygenation: a role in contrast medium-induced nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005 Feb;20 Suppl 1:i6-11. Abstract
32. Pflueger A, Larson TS, Nath KA, et al. Role of adenosine in contrast media-induced acute renal failure in diabetes mellitus. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000 Dec;75(12):1275-83. Abstract
33. Wilhelm-Leen E, Montez-Rath ME, Chertow G. Estimating the risk of radiocontrast-associated nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Feb;28(2):653-9.Full text Abstract
34. Brinjikji W, Demchuk AM, Murad MH, et al. Neurons over nephrons: systematic review and meta-analysis of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with acute stroke. Stroke. 2017 Jul;48(7):1862-8.Full text Abstract
35. Ehrmann S, Quartin A, Hobbs BP, et al. Contrast-associated acute kidney injury in the critically ill: systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jun;43(6):785-94. Abstract
36. Goulden R, Rowe BH, Abrahamowicz M, et al. Association of intravenous radiocontrast with kidney function: a regression discontinuity analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Jun 1;181(6):767-74.Full text Abstract
37. Schreiner GF, Kohan DE. Regulation of renal transport processes and hemodynamics by macrophages and lymphocytes. Am J Kidney Dis. 1990 Apr;258(4 Pt 2):F761-7. Abstract
38. Klahr S. New insights into the consequences and mechanisms of renal impairment in obstructive nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991 Dec;18(6):689-99. Abstract
39. Ophascharoensuk V, Giachelli CM, Gordon K, et al. Obstructive uropathy in the mouse: Role of osteopontin in interstitial fibrosis and apoptosis. Kidney Int. 1999 Aug;56(2):571-80. Abstract
40. Moon JA, Kim HT, Cho IS, et al. IN-1130, a novel transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor kinase (ALK5) inhibitor, suppresses renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2006 Oct;70(7):1234-43. Abstract
41. Lu JC, Coca SG, Patel UD, et al. Searching for genes that matter in acute kidney injury: a systematic review. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Jun;4(6):1020-31.Full text Abstract
42. Zhao B. Genome-wide association study to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms conferring risk for acute kidney injury. Abstract TH-OR028. Paper presented at: Kidney Week 2014. 11-16 Nov 2014. Philadelphia, PA. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;25(suppl):7A.Full text
43. Jiesisibieke ZL, Tung TH, Xu QY, et al. Association of acute kidney injury with frailty in elderly population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail. 2019 Nov;41(1):1021-7.Full text Abstract
44. Parfrey PS, Griffiths SM, Barrett BJ, et al. Contrast material induced renal failure in patients with diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, or both. A prospective controlled study. N Engl J Med. 1989 Jan 19;320(3):143-9. Abstract
45. Liu L, Liang Y, Li H, et al. Association between diabetes mellitus and contrast-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 1.1 million contrast exposure patients. Nephron. 2021;145(5):451-61. Abstract
46. McCarthy CS, Becker JA. Multiple myeloma and contrast media. Radiology. 1992 May;183(2):519-21. Abstract
47. Giuliano CA, Patel CR, Kale-Pradhan PB. Is the combination of piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin associated with development of acute kidney injury? A meta-analysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2016 Dec;36(12):1217-28. Abstract
48. Luther MK, Timbrook TT, Caffrey AR, et al. Vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam and acute kidney injury in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2018 Jan;46(1):12-20. Abstract
49. Bellos I, Karageorgiou V, Pergialiotis V, et al. Acute kidney injury following the concurrent administration of antipseudomonal β-lactams and vancomycin: a network meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Jun;26(6):696-705.Full text Abstract
50. Søvik S, Isachsen MS, Nordhuus KM, et al. Acute kidney injury in trauma patients admitted to the ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2019 Apr;45(4):407-19. Abstract
51. Legrand M, Bell S, Forni L, et al. Pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2021 Nov;17(11):751-64.Full text Abstract
52. Prowle JR, Forni LG, Bell M, et al. Postoperative acute kidney injury in adult non-cardiac surgery: joint consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative and PeriOperative Quality Initiative. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2021 Sep;17(9):605-18.Full text Abstract
53. Garg AX, Devereaux PJ, Yusuf S, et al. Kidney function after off-pump or on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014 Jun 4;311(21):2191-8.Full text Abstract
54. Rojas-Valverde D, Sánchez-Ureña B, Crowe J, et al. Exertional rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in endurance sports: a systematic review. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Feb;21(2):261-74. Abstract
55. Bell S, Dekker FW, Vadiveloo T, et al. Risk of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery - development and validation of a risk score and effect of acute kidney injury on survival: observational cohort study. BMJ. 2015 Nov 11;351:h5639.Full text Abstract
56. Shi H, Peng Q, Zhou XL, et al. Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or receptor blockers is associated with reduced mortality in patients with post-acute kidney injury: meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Aug;25(15):4900-8.Full text Abstract
57. Yang Y, George KC, Shang WF, et al. Proton-pump inhibitors use, and risk of acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Apr 24;11:1291-9.Full text Abstract
58. Nochaiwong S, Ruengorn C, Awiphan R, et al. The association between proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of adverse kidney outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018 Feb 1;33(2):331-42.Full text Abstract
59. Brown AC. Kidney toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 3 of 5 series. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Sep;107(pt a):502-19. Abstract
60. Barrett BJ, Parfey PS. Clinical practice. Preventing nephropathy induced by contrast medium. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jan 26;354(4):379-86. Abstract
61. Davenport MS, Perazella MA, Yee J, et al. Use of intravenous iodinated contrast media in patients with kidney disease: consensus statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation. Radiology. 2020 Mar;294(3):660-8.Full text Abstract
62. Nijssen EC, Rennenberg RJ, Nelemans PJ, et al. Prophylactic hydration to protect renal function from intravascular iodinated contrast material in patients at high risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (AMACING): a prospective, randomised, phase 3, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2017 Apr 1;389(10076):1312-22. Abstract
63. Li G, Yin L, Liu T, et al. Role of probucol in preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury after coronary interventional procedure. Am J Cardiol. 2009 Feb 15;103(4):512-4. Abstract
64. Brar SS, Hiremath S, Dangas G, et al. Sodium bicarbonate for the prevention of contrast induced-acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Oct;4(10):1584-92. Abstract
65. Morikawa S, Sone T, Tsuboi H, et al. Renal protective effects and the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy by atrial natriuretic peptide. [Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1122.] J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Mar 24;53(12):1040-6. Abstract
66. Xin W, Lin Z, Zhang T, et al. Probucol for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . Clin Nephrol. 2019 Jul;92(1):36-43. Abstract
67. Xie J, Jiang M, Lin Y, et al. Effect of alprostadil on the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of 36 randomized controlled trials. Angiology. 2019 Aug;70(7):594-612. Abstract
68. Xin W, Lin Z, Zhang T, et al. Effects of allopurinol pretreatment on the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . Clin Nephrol. 2020 Jan;93(1):24-33. Abstract
69. Li H, Wang C, Liu C, et al. Efficacy of short-term statin treatment for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary angiography/percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2016 Jun;16(3):201-19. Abstract
70. Cho A, Lee YK, Sohn SY. Beneficial effect of statin on preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Mar;99(10):e19473.Full text Abstract
71. Mercado MG, Smith DK, Guard EL. Acute kidney injury: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2019 Dec 1;100(11):687-94.Full text Abstract
72. Solomon R, Gordon P, Manoukian SV, et al. Randomized trial of bicarbonate or saline study for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Sep 4;10(9):1519-24.Full text Abstract
73. Weisbord SD, Gallagher M, Jneid H, et al; PRESERVE Trial Group. Outcomes after angiography with sodium bicarbonate and acetylcysteine. N Engl J Med. 2018 Feb 15;378(7):603-14.Full text Abstract
74. Anderson SM, Park ZH, Patel RV. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast media-induced nephropathy. Ann Pharmacother. 2011 Jan;45(1):101-7. Abstract
75. Guo Z, Liu J, Lei L, et al. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on prevention of contrast-associated acute kidney injury in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2020 Oct 16;10(10):e039009.Full text Abstract
76. Magner K, Ilin JV, Clark EG, et al. Meta-analytic techniques to assess the association between N-acetylcysteine and acute kidney injury after contrast administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jul 1;5(7):e2220671.Full text Abstract
77. Kaya K, Oguz M, Akar AR, et al. The effect of sodium nitroprusside infusion on renal function during reperfusion period in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007 Feb;31(2):290-7.Full text Abstract
78. Patel NN, Rogers CA, Angelini GD, et al. Pharmacological therapies for the prevention of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev. 2011 Nov;16(6):553-67. Abstract
79. Billings FT 4th, Hendricks PA, Schildcrout JS, et al. High-dose perioperative atorvastatin and acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016 Mar 1;315(9):877-88.Full text Abstract
80. Zheng Z, Jayaram R, Jiang L, et al. Perioperative rosuvastatin in cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med. 2016 May 5;374(18):1744-53.Full text Abstract
81. Zhou C, Gong J, Chen D, et al. Levosimendan for prevention of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016 Mar;67(3):408-16. Abstract
82. Sanfilippo F, Knight JB, Scolletta S, et al. Levosimendan for patients with severely reduced left ventricular systolic function and/or low cardiac output syndrome undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2017 Oct 19;21(1):252.Full text Abstract
83. Wang J, Yu W, Gao M, et al. Preoperative prophylactic intraaortic balloon pump reduces the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury and short-term death of high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a meta-analysis of 17 studies. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016 May;101(5):2007-19. Abstract
84. Peng K, Li D, Applegate RL 2nd, et al. Effect of dexmedetomidine on cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020 Mar;34(3):603-13. Abstract
85. Yunos NM, Bellomo R, Hegarty C, et al. Association between a chloride-liberal vs chloride-restrictive intravenous fluid administration strategy and kidney injury in critically ill adults. JAMA. 2012 Oct 17;308(15):1566-72. Abstract
86. Young P, Bailey M, Beasley R, et al. Effect of a buffered crystalloid solution vs saline on acute kidney injury among patients in the intensive care unit: the SPLIT randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015 Oct 27;314(16):1701-10. Abstract
87. Jaber S, Paugam C, Futier E, et al; BICAR-ICU Study Group. Sodium bicarbonate therapy for patients with severe metabolic acidaemia in the intensive care unit (BICAR-ICU): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2018 Jul 7;392(10141):31-40. Abstract
88. Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, et al. Acute renal failure - definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care. 2004 Aug;8(4):R204-12.Full text Abstract
89. Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, et al. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2007;11(2):R31.Full text Abstract
90. Ronco C, Bellomo R, Kellum JA. Acute kidney injury. Lancet. 2019 Nov 23;394(10212):1949-64. Abstract
91. Inohara T, Kohsaka S, Miyata H, et al. Performance and validation of the U.S. NCDR acute kidney injury prediction model in Japan. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Apr 12;67(14):1715-22. Abstract
92. Thakar CV, Arrigain S, Worley S, et al. A clinical score to predict acute renal failure after cardiac surgery. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Jan;16(1):162-8.Full text Abstract
93. Folkestad T, Brurberg KG, Nordhuus KM, et al. Acute kidney injury in burn patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2020 Jan 2;24(1):2.Full text Abstract
94. Gabardi S, Munz K, Ulbricht C. A review of dietary supplement-induced renal dysfunction. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Jul;2(4):757-65.Full text Abstract
95. Adebamiro A, Perazella MA. Recurrent acute kidney injury following bath salts intoxication. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 Feb;59(2):273-5. Abstract
96. Poston JT, Koyner JL. Sepsis associated acute kidney injury. BMJ. 2019 Jan 9;364:k4891.Full text Abstract
97. Meyrier A, Niaudet P. Acute kidney injury complicating nephrotic syndrome of minimal change disease. Kidney Int. 2018 Nov;94(5):861-9.Full text Abstract
98. Muriithi AK, Nasr SH, Leung N. Utility of urine eosinophils in the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Nov;8(11):1857-62.Full text Abstract
99. El-Khoury JM, Hoenig MP, Jones GRD, et al. AACC guidance document on laboratory investigation of acute kidney injury. J Appl Lab Med. 2021 Sep 1;6(5):1316-37.Full text Abstract
100. Abdelhafez M, Nayfeh T, Atieh A, et al. Diagnostic performance of fractional excretion of sodium for the differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Jun;17(6):785-97. Abstract
101. Small DM, Gobe GC. Cytochrome c: potential as a noninvasive biomarker of drug-induced acute kidney injury. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012 Jun;8(6):655-64. Abstract
102. Clerico A, Galli C, Fortunato A, et al. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as biomarker of acute kidney injury: a review of the laboratory characteristics and clinical evidences. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2012 Feb 15;50(9):1505-17. Abstract
103. Kim S, Kim HJ, Ahn HS, et al. Is plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin a predictive biomarker for acute kidney injury in sepsis patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crit Care. 2016 Jun;33:213-23. Abstract
104. Nakhjavan-Shahraki B, Yousefifard M, Ataei N, et al. Accuracy of cystatin C in prediction of acute kidney injury in children; serum or urine levels: which one works better? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 2017 Apr 3;18(1):120.Full text Abstract
105. Chen CT, Chang LY, Chuang CW, et al. Optimal measuring timing of cystatin C for early detection of contrast-induced acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Jan;318:65-73. Abstract
106. Erstad BL. Usefulness of the biomarker TIMP-2•IGFBP7 for acute kidney injury assessment in critically ill patients: a narrative review. Ann Pharmacother. 2022 Jan;56(1):83-92.Full text Abstract
107. Ostermann M, Zarbock A, Goldstein S, et al. Recommendations on acute kidney injury biomarkers from the acute disease quality initiative consensus conference: a consensus statement. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Oct 1;3(10):e2019209.Full text Abstract
108. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(12):2015-38. Abstract
109. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: renal failure. 2020 [internet publication].Full text
110. Moore PK, Hsu RK, Liu KD. Management of acute kidney injury: core curriculum 2018. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018 Jul;72(1):136-48.Full text Abstract
111. Balasubramanian G, Al-Aly Z, Moiz A, et al. Early nephrologist involvement in hospital-acquired acute kidney injury: a pilot study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011 Feb;57(2):228-34. Abstract
112. Wilson FP, Shashaty M, Testani J, et al. Automated, electronic alerts for acute kidney injury: a single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 May 16;385(9981):1966-74.Full text Abstract
113. Flamm SL, Wong F, Ahn J, et al. AGA clinical practice update on the evaluation and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: expert review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Dec;20(12):2707-16.Full text Abstract
114. US Food and Drug Administration. Labeling changes on mortality, kidney injury, and excess bleeding with hydroxyethyl starch products. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text
115. Lewis SR, Pritchard MW, Evans DJ, et al. Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 3;8:CD000567.Full text Abstract
116. Zarychanski R, Abou-Setta AM, Turgeon AF, et al. Association of hydroxyethyl starch administration with mortality and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients requiring volume resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013 Feb 20;309(7):678-88. Abstract
117. European Medicines Agency. PRAC recommends suspending hydroxyethyl-starch solutions for infusion from the market. Feb 2022 [internet publication].Full text
118. Tang WHW, Bakitas MA, Cheng XS, et al. Evaluation and management of kidney dysfunction in advanced heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 Oct 15;150(16):e280-95.Full text Abstract
119. Kanagasundaram S, Ashley C, Bhojani S, et al; The Renal Association. Clinical practice guideline: acute kidney injury (AKI). Aug 2019 [internet publication].Full text
120. Walters GD, Willis NS, Cooper TE, et al. Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jan 13;1(1):CD003232.Full text Abstract
121. Assimos D, Krambeck A, Miller NL, et al. Surgical management of stones: American Urological Association/Endourological Society guideline, PART I. J Urol. 2016 Oct;196(4):1153-60.Full text Abstract
122. Dalbhi SA, Alorf R, Alotaibi M, et al. Sustained low efficiency dialysis is non-inferior to continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a comparative meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Dec 23;100(51):e28118.Full text Abstract
123. Blake PG, Jain AK. Urgent start peritoneal dialysis: defining what it is and why it matters. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Aug 7;13(8):1278-9.Full text Abstract
124. Palevsky PM, Zhang JH, O'Connor TZ, et al; VA/NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network. Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 3;359(1):7-20.Full text Abstract
125. Tolwani AJ, Campbell RC, Stofan BS, et al. Standard versus high-dose CVVHDF for ICU-related acute renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Jun;19(6):1233-8.Full text Abstract
126. Bellomo R, Cass A, Cole L, et al; RENAL Replacement Therapy Study Investigators. Intensity of continuous renal-replacement therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1627-38.Full text Abstract
127. Chertow GM, Burdick E, Honour M, et al. Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Nov;16(11):3365-70.Full text Abstract
128. Zarbock A, Kellum JA, Schmidt C, et al. Effect of early vs delayed initiation of renal replacement therapy on mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: the ELAIN randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016 May 24-31;315(20):2190-9.Full text Abstract
129. Gaudry S, Hajage D, Schortgen F, et al. Initiation strategies for renal-replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jul 14;375(2):122-33. Abstract
130. Fayad AI, Buamscha DG, Ciapponi A. Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Nov 23;11(11):CD010612.Full text Abstract
131. Gaudry S, Hajage D, Benichou N, et al. Delayed versus early initiation of renal replacement therapy for severe acute kidney injury: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2020 May 9;395(10235):1506-15.Full text Abstract
132. Ponce D, Balbi AL. Peritoneal dialysis in acute kidney injury: a viable alternative. Perit Dial Int. 2011 Jul-Aug;31(4):387-9. Abstract
133. Ponce D, Berbel MN, Regina de Goes C, et al. High-volume peritoneal dialysis in acute kidney injury: indications and limitations. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jun;7(6):887-94. Abstract
134. Liu L, Zhang L, Liu GJ, et al. Peritoneal dialysis for acute kidney injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 4;(12):CD011457.Full text Abstract
135. Cullis B, Al-Hwiesh A, Kilonzo K, et al. ISPD guidelines for peritoneal dialysis in acute kidney injury: 2020 update (adults). Perit Dial Int. 2021 Jan;41(1):15-31.Full text Abstract
136. Webster J, Osborne S, Rickard CM, et al. Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 23;(1):CD007798.Full text Abstract
137. Royal College of Nursing. Catheter care: RCN guidance for health care professionals. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text
138. Royal College of Nursing. Catheter care: guidance for health care professionals. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text
139. Jun M, Heerspink HJ, Ninomiya T, et al. Intensities of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Jun;5(6):956-63. Abstract
140. Bhatt GC, Das RR. Early versus late initiation of renal replacement therapy in patients with acute kidney injury - a systematic review & meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Nephrol. 2017 Feb 28;18(1):78.Full text Abstract
141. Yamada H, Doi K, Tsukamoto T, et al. Low-dose atrial natriuretic peptide for prevention or treatment of acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2019 Feb 11;23(1):41.Full text Abstract
142. Pappy R, Stavrakis S, Hennebry TA, et al. Effect of statin therapy on contrast-induced nephropathy after coronary angiography: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2011 Sep 15;151(3):348-53. Abstract
143. Zhang T, Shen LH, Hu LH, et al. Statins for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Nephrol. 2011;33(4):344-51.Full text Abstract
144. Zhang BC, Li WM, Xu YW. High-dose statin pretreatment for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2011 Nov-Dec;27(6):851-8. Abstract
145. Gandhi S, Mosleh W, Abdel-Qadir H, et al. Statins and contrast-induced acute kidney injury with coronary angiography. Am J Med. 2014 Oct;127(10):987-1000. Abstract
146. Susantitaphong P, Alfayez M, Cohen-Bucay A, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia and prevention of acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Resuscitation. 2012 Feb;83(2):159-67.Full text Abstract
147. Pickkers P, Heemskerk S, Schouten J, et al. Alkaline phosphatase for treatment of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Crit Care. 2012 Jan 23;16(1):R14.Full text Abstract
148. Kim JE, Song SW, Kim JY, et al. Effect of a single bolus of erythropoietin on renoprotection in patients undergoing thoracic aortic surgery with moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016 Feb;101(2):690-6. Abstract
149. Nigwekar SU, Strippoli GF, Navaneethan SD. Thyroid hormones for acute kidney injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31;(1):CD006740.Full text Abstract
150. Yang Y, Lang XB, Zhang P, et al. Remote ischemic preconditioning for prevention of acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014 Oct;64(4):574-83. Abstract
151. Menting TP, Wever KE, Ozdemir-van Brunschot DMD, et al. Ischaemic preconditioning for the reduction of renal ischaemia reperfusion injury. Cochrane Database Sys Rev. 2017 Mar 4;(3):CD010777.Full text Abstract
152. Lewington AJ, Cerdá J, Mehta RL. Raising awareness of acute kidney injury: a global perspective of a silent killer. Kidney Int. 2013 Sep;84(3):457-67.Full text Abstract
153. Mehta S, Chauhan K, Patel A, et al. The prognostic importance of duration of AKI: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 2018 Apr 19;19(1):91.Full text Abstract
154. Coca SG, Yusuf B, Shlipak MG, et al. Long-term risk of mortality and other adverse outcomes after acute kidney injury: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Jun;53(6):961-73.Full text Abstract
155. Tao Li PK, Burdmann EA, Mehta RL. Acute kidney injury: global health alert. Int J Organ Transplant Med. 2013;4(1):1-8.Full text Abstract
156. Rimes-Stigare C, Awad A, Mårtensson J, et al. Long-term outcome after acute renal replacement therapy: a narrative review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 Feb;56(2):138-46. Abstract
157. Bhandari S, Turney JH. Survivors of acute renal failure who do not recover renal function. QJM. 1996 Jun;89(6):415-21. Abstract
158. Rifkin DE, Coca SG, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Does AKI Truly Lead to CKD? J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jun;23(6):979-84. Abstract
159. Leung KC, Tonelli M, James MT. Chronic kidney disease following acute kidney injury: risk and outcomes. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2013 Feb;9(2):77-85. Abstract
160. Bucaloiu ID, Kirchner HL, Norfolk ER, et al. Increased risk of death and de novo chronic kidney disease following reversible acute kidney injury. Kidney Int. 2012 Mar;81(5):477-85. Abstract
161. See EJ, Jayasinghe K, Glassford N, et al. Long-term risk of adverse outcomes after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies using consensus definitions of exposure. Kidney Int. 2019 Jan;95(1):160-72.Full text Abstract
162. Legrand M, Rossignol P. Cardiovascular consequences of acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 4;382(23):2238-47. Abstract
163. Finn W. Recovery from acute renal failure. Acute renal failure: a companion to Brenner and Rector's the kidney. 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2001:425-50.
164. Shaw NJ, Brocklebank JT, Dickinson DF, et al. Long-term outcome for children with acute renal failure following cardiac surgery. Int J Cardiol. 1991 May;31(2):161-5. Abstract
165. Odutayo A, Wong CX, Farkouh M, et al. AKI and long-term risk for cardiovascular events and mortality. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Jan;28(1):377-87.Full text Abstract
166. Cerdá J, Liu KD, Cruz DN, et al. Promoting kidney function recovery in patients with AKI requiring RRT. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Oct 7;10(10):1859-67. Abstract
167. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney Int Suppl. 2013 Jan;3(1):1-150.Full text
Comorbidities Manager reference articles
168. Elhassan MG, Chao PW, Curiel A. The conundrum of volume status assessment: revisiting current and future tools available for physicians at the bedside. Cureus. 2021 May 26;13(5):e15253.Full text Abstract
169. Rezayat T, Barjaktarevic I, Mecham I, et al. Early protocolized bedside ultrasound in shock: renal function improvements and other lessons learned. Int J Crit Care Emerg Med. 2018 Oct 6;4(2):046.Full text
170. Seif D, Perera P, Mailhot T, et al. Bedside ultrasound in resuscitation and the rapid ultrasound in shock protocol. Crit Care Res Pract. 2012;2012:503254.Full text Abstract
171. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. The AIUM practice parameter for the performance of the Extended Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma (EFAST). J Ultrasound Med. 2023 Apr;42(4):E1-7.Full text Abstract
172. American College of Emergency Physicians. Emergency ultrasound imaging criteria compendium. American College of Emergency Physicians. Ann Emerg Med. 2006 Oct;48(4):487-510.Full text Abstract
173. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022 May 3;145(18):e895-1032.Full text Abstract
174. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 11. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(suppl 1):S219-30.Full text Abstract
175. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-248.Full text Abstract
176. Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 14;41(3):407-77.Full text Abstract
177. Ostermann M, Bellomo R, Burdmann EA, et al. Controversies in acute kidney injury: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) conference. Kidney Int. 2020 Aug;98(2):294-309.Full text Abstract
178. Tomson C, Tomlinson LA. Stopping RAS inhibitors to minimize AKI: more harm than good? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 Apr 5;14(4):617-9.Full text Abstract
179. Jones M, Tomson C. Acute kidney injury and 'nephrotoxins': mind your language. Clin Med (Lond). 2018 Oct;18(5):384-6.Full text Abstract
180. Clark AL, Kalra PR, Petrie MC, et al. Change in renal function associated with drug treatment in heart failure: national guidance. Heart. 2019 Jun;105(12):904-10.Full text Abstract
181. Shi H, Peng Q, Zhou XL, et al. Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or receptor blockers is associated with reduced mortality in patients with post-acute kidney injury: meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Aug;25(15):4900-8.Full text Abstract
182. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 16. Diabetes care in the hospital: standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(suppl 1):S295-306.Full text Abstract
183. Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline: developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan - 2022 update. Endocr Pract. 2022 Oct;28(10):923-1049.Full text Abstract
184. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA revises labels of SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes to include warnings about too much acid in the blood and serious urinary tract infections. March 2022 [internet publication].Full text
185. Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, ElSayed NA, et al. Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetologia. 2024 Aug;67(8):1455-79.Full text Abstract
186. Korytkowski MT, Muniyappa R, Antinori-Lent K, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized adult patients in non-critical care settings: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jul 14;107(8):2101-28.Full text Abstract
187. Grunberger G, Sherr J, Allende M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline: the use of advanced technology in the management of persons with diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract. 2021 Jun;27(6):505-37.Full text Abstract
188. Galindo RJ, Umpierrez GE, Rushakoff RJ, et al. Continuous glucose monitors and automated insulin dosing systems in the hospital consensus guideline. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020 Nov;14(6):1035-64.Full text Abstract
189. Avari P, Lumb A, Flanagan D, et al. Insulin pumps and hybrid close loop systems within hospital: a scoping review and practical guidance from the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2023 May;17(3):625-34.Full text Abstract
190. Peters AL, Buschur EO, Buse JB, et al. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a potential complication of treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition. Diabetes Care. 2015 Sep;38(9):1687-93.Full text Abstract
191. Umapathysivam MM, Gunton J, Stranks SN, et al. Euglycemic ketoacidosis in two patients without diabetes after introduction of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(1):140-3.Full text Abstract
192. Honarmand K, Sirimaturos M, Hirshberg EL, et al. Society of Critical Care Medicine guidelines on glycemic control for critically ill children and adults 2024. Crit Care Med. 2024 Apr 1;52(4):e161-81.Full text Abstract
193. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. The use of variable rate intravenous insulin infusion (VRIII) in medical inpatients. October 2014 [internet publication].Full text
194. Lim Y, Ohn JH, Jeong J, et al. Effect of the concomitant use of subcutaneous basal insulin and intravenous insulin infusion in the treatment of severe hyperglycemic patients. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2022 Jun;37(3):444-54.Full text Abstract
195. Thammakosol K, Sriphrapradang C. Effectiveness and safety of early insulin glargine administration in combination with continuous intravenous insulin infusion in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Mar;25(3):815-22. Abstract
196. Ghanta M, Jim B. Renal transplantation in advanced chronic kidney disease patients. Med Clin North Am. 2016 May;100(3):465-76. Abstract
197. Chadban SJ, Ahn C, Axelrod DA, et al. KDIGO clinical practice guideline on the evaluation and management of candidates for kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 2020 Apr;104(4s1 suppl 1):S11-103.Full text Abstract
198. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1359-67.Full text Abstract
199. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators; Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1283-97.Full text Abstract
200. Yamada T, Shojima N, Noma H, et al. Glycemic control, mortality, and hypoglycemia in critically ill patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jan;43(1):1-15. Abstract
201. Yatabe T, Inoue S, Sakaguchi M, et al. The optimal target for acute glycemic control in critically ill patients: a network meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jan;43(1):16-28. Abstract
202. Pasquel FJ, Lansang MC, Dhatariya K, et al. Management of diabetes and hyperglycaemia in the hospital. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Mar;9(3):174-88.Full text Abstract
203. Rehman A, Setter SM, Vue MH. Drug-induced glucose alterations part 2: drug-Induced hyperglycemia. Diabetes Spect. 2011 Nov;24(4):234-8.Full text
204. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 6. Glycemic goals and hypoglycemia: standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(suppl 1):S111-25.Full text Abstract
205. Vue MH, Setter SM. Drug-Induced Glucose Alterations Part 1: Drug-Induced Hypoglycemia. Diabetes Spectr 1 August 2011; 24 (3): 171–7.Full text Abstract
206. Wang C, Fang W, Li Z, et al. Clinical features, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced hypoglycemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1059522.Full text Abstract
207. McCall AL, Lieb DC, Gianchandani R, et al. Management of individuals with diabetes at high risk for hypoglycemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Feb 15;108(3):529-62.Full text Abstract
208. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. October 2019 [internet publication].Full text
209. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 12. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot care: standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(suppl 1):S231-43.Full text Abstract
210. Hogervorst VM, Buurman BM, De Jonghe A, et al. Emergency department management of older people living with frailty: a guide for emergency practitioners. Emerg Med J. 2021 Sep;38(9):724-9. Abstract
211. British Geriatrics Society. Guideline for the care of people living with frailty undergoing elective and emergency surgery that encompasses the whole perioperative pathway. September 2021 [internet publication].Full text
212. Cesari M, Calvani R, Marzetti E. Frailty in older persons. Clin Geriatr Med. 2017 Aug;33(3):293-303. Abstract
213. Rockwood K, British Geriatrics Society. Silver book II: frailty. February 2021 [internet publication].Full text
214. Tsui C, Kim K, Spencer M. The diagnosis "failure to thrive" and its impact on the care of hospitalized older adults: a matched case-control study. BMC Geriatr. 2020 Feb 14;20(1):62.Full text Abstract
215. Anderson K, Baraldi C, Supiano M. Identifying failure to thrive in the long term care setting. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012 Sep;13(7):665.e15-9. Abstract
216. Rockwood K, Theou O. Using the clinical frailty ccale in allocating scarce health care resources. Can Geriatr J. 2020 Sep;23(3):210-5.Full text Abstract
217. Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ. 2005 Aug 30;173(5):489-95.Full text Abstract
218. Church S, Rogers E, Rockwood K, et al. A scoping review of the Clinical Frailty Scale. BMC Geriatr. 2020 Oct 7;20(1):393.Full text Abstract
219. Falk Erhag H, Guðnadóttir G, Alfredsson J, et al. The association between the clinical frailty scale and adverse health outcomes in older adults in acute cinical settings - a systematic review of the literature. Clin Interv Aging. 2023 Feb 18:18:249-61.Full text Abstract
220. Quinn TJ, Mooijaart SP, Gallacher K, et al. Acute care assessment of older adults living with frailty. BMJ. 2019 Jan 31;364:l13. Abstract
221. Molnar F, Frank CC. Optimizing geriatric care with the GERIATRIC 5Ms. Can Fam Physician. 2019 Jan;65(1):39.Full text Abstract
222. Tinetti M, Huang A, Molnar F. The Geriatrics 5M's: a new way of communicating what we do. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Sep;65(9):2115.Full text Abstract
223. Miller RK, Young M, Chippendale R, et al. Using the Geriatric 5Ms to teach structural and social determinants of health. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Dec;71(12):3967-72. Abstract
224. Jamshed N, Gangavati A. Prioritizing the 5Ms in geriatric care: a holistic approach to care of the older adult. Am Fam Physician. 2024 Jun;109(6):498-500.Full text Abstract
225. Conroy SP, Bardsley M, Smith P, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for frail older people in acute hospitals: the HoW-CGA mixed-methods study. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2019 Apr.Full text Abstract
226. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2024 [internet publication].Full text
227. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2024 [internet publication].Full text
228. Salpeter SR, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: a meta-analysis. Chest. 2004 Jun;125(6):2309-21. Abstract
229. Au DH, Curtis JR, Every NR, et al. Association between inhaled beta-agonists and the risk of unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Chest. 2002 Mar;121(3):846-51. Abstract
230. Shenvi C, Kennedy M, Austin CA, et al. Managing delirium and agitation in the older emergency department patient: the ADEPT tool. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Feb;75(2):136-45.Full text Abstract
231. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Apr;53(4):695-9. Abstract
232. Canadian Geriatrics Society. Update: Public launch of the geriatric 5Ms. 2017 [internet publication].Full text
233. Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gélinas C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018 Sep;46(9):e825-73.Full text Abstract
234. Inouye SK, Schlesinger MJ, Lydon TJ. Delirium: a symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window to improve quality of hospital care. Am J Med. 1999 May;106(5):565-73.Full text Abstract
235. Han JH, Wilson A, Vasilevskis EE, et al. Diagnosing delirium in older emergency department patients: validity and reliability of the delirium triage screen and the brief confusion assessment method. Ann Emerg Med. 2013 Nov;62(5):457-65. Abstract
236. American College of Emergency Physicians, American Geriatrics Society, Emergency Nurses Association, et al. Geriatric emergency department guidelines. Ann Emerg Med. 2014 May;63(5):e7-25.Full text Abstract
237. Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, et al. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med. 1990 Dec 15;113(12):941-8. Abstract
238. Wei LA, Fearing MA, Sternberg EJ, et al. The Confusion Assessment Method: a systematic review of current usage. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 May;56(5):823-30. Abstract
239. Ely EW, Margolin R, Francis J, et al. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Crit Care Med. 2001 Jul;29(7):1370-9. Abstract
240. Bergeron N, Dubois MJ, Dumont M, et al. Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool. Intensive Care Med. 2001 May;27(5):859-64. Abstract
241. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Delirium: prevention, diagnosis and management in hospital and long-term care. January 2023 [internet publication].Full text
242. Inouye SK, Bogardus ST Jr, Baker DI, et al. The Hospital Elder Life Program: a model of care to prevent cognitive and functional decline in older hospitalized patients. Hospital Elder Life Program. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Dec;48(12):1697-706. Abstract
243. Hshieh TT, Yang T, Gartaganis SL, et al. Hospital Elder Life Program: systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018 Oct;26(10):1015-33. Abstract
244. Hshieh TT, Yue J, Oh E, et al. Effectiveness of multicomponent nonpharmacological delirium interventions: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Apr;175(4):512-20.Full text Abstract
245. Mohanty S, Rosenthal RA, Russell MM, et al. Optimal perioperative management of the geriatric patient: a best practices guideline from the American College of Surgeons NSQIP and the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg. 2016 May;222(5):930-47. Abstract
246. American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults. American Geriatrics Society abstracted clinical practice guideline for postoperative delirium in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015 Jan;63(1):142-50. Abstract
247. White S, Griffiths R, Baxter M, et al. Guidelines for the peri-operative care of people with dementia: guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2019 Mar;74(3):357-72.Full text Abstract
248. Inouye SK, Kosar CM, Tommet D, et al. The CAM-S: development and validation of a new scoring system for delirium severity in 2 cohorts. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Apr 15;160(8):526-33.Full text Abstract
249. Burton JK, Craig L, Yong SQ, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 26;(11):CD013307.Full text Abstract
250. Peden CJ, Miller TR, Deiner SG, et al. Improving perioperative brain health: an expert consensus review of key actions for the perioperative care team. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Feb;126(2):423-432.Full text Abstract
251. The 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Jul;71(7):2052-81.Full text Abstract
252. Nikooie R, Neufeld KJ, Oh ES, et al. Antipsychotics for treating delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Oct 1;171(7):485-95.Full text Abstract
253. Mühlbauer V, Möhler R, Dichter MN, et al. Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 17;(12):CD013304.Full text Abstract
254. Yunusa I, Alsumali A, Garba AE, et al. Assessment of reported comparative effectiveness and safety of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a network meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Mar 1;2(3):e190828.Full text Abstract
255. Van Leeuwen E, Petrovic M, van Driel ML, et al. Withdrawal versus continuation of long-term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Apr 1;(3):CD007726.Full text Abstract
256. Grau AJ, Urbanek C, Palm F. Common infections and the risk of stroke. Nat Rev Neurol. 2010 Dec;6(12):681-94. Abstract
257. Elkind MSV, Boehme AK, Smith CJ, et al. Infection as a Stroke risk factor and determinant of outcome after stroke. Stroke. 2020 Oct;51(10):3156-68.Full text Abstract
258. Eigenbrodt ML, Rose KM, Couper DJ, et al. Orthostatic hypotension as a risk factor for stroke: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study, 1987-1996. Stroke. 2000 Oct;31(10):2307-13.Full text Abstract
259. Winstein CJ, Stein J, Arena R, et al. Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016 Jun;47(6):e98-169.Full text Abstract
260. Bauer M, Severus E, Köhler S, et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders. part 2: maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder-update 2015. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;16(2):76-95. Abstract
261. Hoffelt C, Gross T. A review of significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions with antidepressants and their management. Ment Health Clin. 2016 Mar 8;6(1):35-41.Full text Abstract
262. Van Leeuwen E, van Driel ML, Horowitz MA, et al. Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long-term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety disorders in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 15;(4):CD013495.Full text Abstract
263. Qaseem A, Owens DK, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, et al. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments of adults in the acute phase of major depressive disorder: a living clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2023 Feb;176(2):239-52.Full text Abstract
264. Liamis G, Milionis H, Elisaf M. A review of drug-induced hyponatremia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008 Jul;52(1):144-53. Abstract
265. Liamis G, Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS. Thiazide-associated hyponatremia in the elderly: what the clinician needs to know. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2016 Feb;13(2):175-82.Full text Abstract
266. Boyer EW, Shannon M. The serotonin syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 17;352(11):1112-20. Abstract
267. Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Isbister GK. Serotonin syndrome. BMJ. 2014 Feb 19;348:g1626. Abstract
268. Volpi-Abadie J, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Serotonin syndrome. Ochsner J. 2013 Winter;13(4):533-40.Full text Abstract
269. Chander WP, Singh N, Mukhiya GK. Serotonin syndrome in maintenance haemodialysis patients following sertraline treatment for depression. J Indian Med Assoc. 2011 Jan;109(1):36-7. Abstract
270. Voican CS, Corruble E, Naveau S, et al. Antidepressant-induced liver injury: a review for clinicians. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Apr;171(4):404-15.Full text Abstract
271. Saraghi M, Golden LR, Hersh EV. Anesthetic considerations for patients on antidepressant therapy-part I. Anesth Prog. 2017 Winter;64(4):253-61.Full text Abstract
272. Harbell MW, Dumitrascu C, Bettini L, et al. Anesthetic considerations for patients on psychotropic drug therapies. Neurol Int. 2021 Nov 29;13(4):640-58.Full text Abstract
273. Tisdale JE, Chung MK, Campbell KB, et al. Drug-induced arrhythmias: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020 Oct 13;142(15):e214-233.Full text Abstract
274. Siu AL, US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Bibbins-Domingo K, et al. Screening for depression in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2016 Jan 26;315(4):380-7.Full text Abstract
275. Halperin D, Reber G. Influence of antidepressants on hemostasis. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2007;9(1):47-59.Full text Abstract
276. Nochaiwong S, Ruengorn C, Awiphan R, et al. Use of serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and the risk of bleeding complications in patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2022 Dec;54(1):80-97.Full text Abstract
277. Loke YK, Trivedi AN, Singh S. Meta-analysis: gastrointestinal bleeding due to interaction between selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jan 1;27(1):31-40.Full text Abstract
278. Flowers L. Nicotine replacement therapy. Am J Psychiatry Resid J. 2016 Jun;11(6):4-7.Full text
279. Desai HD, Seabolt J, Jann MW. Smoking in patients receiving psychotropic medications: a pharmacokinetic perspective. CNS Drugs. 2001;15(6):469-94. Abstract
280. Oliveira P, Ribeiro J, Donato H, et al. Smoking and antidepressants pharmacokinetics: a systematic review. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2017 Mar 6:16:17.Full text Abstract
281. Saraghi M, Golden L, Hersh EV. Anesthetic considerations for patients on antidepressant therapy - part II. Anesth Prog. 2018 Spring;65(1):60-5.Full text Abstract
282. Roose SP, Rutherford BR. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and operative bleeding risk: a review of the literature. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016 Dec;36(6):704-9. Abstract
283. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13.Full text Abstract
284. Silverman JJ, Galanter M, Jackson-Triche M, et al. The American Psychiatric Association practice guidelines for the psychiatric evaluation of adults. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Aug 1;172(8):798-802.Full text Abstract
285. Boden JM, Fergusson DM. Alcohol and depression. Addiction. 2011 May;106(5):906-14. Abstract
286. DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jul 24;160(14):2101-7.Full text Abstract
287. Lapa ME, Swabe GM, Rollman BL, et al. Assessment of depression and adherence to guideline-directed medical therapies following percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Dec 1;5(12):e2246317.Full text Abstract
288. Poletti V, Pagnini F, Banfi P, et al. The role of depression on treatment adherence in patients with heart failure-a systematic review of the literature. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2022 Dec;24(12):1995-2008.Full text Abstract
289. Prina AM, Cosco TD, Dening T, et al. The association between depressive symptoms in the community, non-psychiatric hospital admission and hospital outcomes: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res. 2015 Jan;78(1):25-33.Full text Abstract
290. Clarke DM, Currie KC. Depression, anxiety and their relationship with chronic diseases: a review of the epidemiology, risk and treatment evidence. Med J Aust. 2009 Apr 6;190(s7):S54-60.Full text Abstract
291. Archer G, Kuh D, Hotopf M, et al. Association between lifetime affective symptoms and premature mortality. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 1;77(8):806-13.Full text Abstract
292. Machado MO, Veronese N, Sanches M, et al. The association of depression and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. BMC Med. 2018 Jul 20;16(1):112.Full text Abstract
293. US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant persons: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Jan 19;325(3):265-79.Full text Abstract
294. Fiore MC, Jaén CR, Baker TB, et al. Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Clinical practice guideline. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service; May 2008 [internet publication].Full text
295. United States Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. Smoking cessation: a report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2020 [internet publication].Full text Abstract
296. Streck JM, Rigotti NA, Livingstone-Banks J, et al. Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 May 21;(5):CD001837.Full text Abstract
297. Theodoulou A, Chepkin SC, Ye W, et al. Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 19;(6):CD013308.Full text Abstract
298. Rigotti NA, Kruse GR, Livingstone-Banks J, et al. Treatment of tobacco smoking: a review. JAMA. 2022 Feb 8;327(6):566-77. Abstract
299. Agrawal S, Evison M, Ananth S, et al. Medical management of inpatients with tobacco dependency. Thorax. 2024 Mar 26;79(suppl 1):3-11. Abstract
300. Thomas KH, Dalili MN, López-López JA, et al. Comparative clinical effectiveness and safety of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapies and electronic cigarettes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Addiction. 2022 Apr;117(4):861-76.Full text Abstract
301. Livingstone-Banks J, Fanshawe TR, Thomas KH, et al. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 28;(6):CD006103.Full text
302. Perret J, Yip SWS, Idrose NS, et al. Undiagnosed and 'overdiagnosed' COPD using postbronchodilator spirometry in primary healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2023 Apr;10(1):e001478.Full text Abstract
303. Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Aug 1;70(5):e39-110.Full text Abstract
304. Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, et al. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2011 Apr;21(2):69-72. Abstract
305. Griffin M, Rao VS, Ivey-Miranda J, et al. Empagliflozin in heart failure: diuretic and cardiorenal effects. Circulation. 2020 Sep 15;142(11):1028-39.Full text Abstract
306. Verbrugge FH, Grieten L, Mullens W. Management of the cardiorenal syndrome in decompensated heart failure. Cardiorenal Med. 2014 Dec;4(3-4):176-88.Full text Abstract
307. Hollenberg SM, Warner Stevenson L, Ahmad T, et al. 2019 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on risk assessment, management, and clinical trajectory of patients hospitalized with heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Oct 15;74(15):1966-2011.Full text Abstract
308. Kanwar MK, Billia F, Randhawa V, et al. Heart failure related cardiogenic shock: an ISHLT consensus conference content summary. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2024 Feb;43(2):189-203.Full text Abstract
309. Anderson WG, Berlinger N, Ragland J et al. Hospital-based prognosis and goals of care discussions with seriously ill patients: a pathway to integrate a key primary palliative care process into the workflow of hospitalist physicians and their teams. Society of Hospital Medicine and The Hastings Center, 2017 [internet publication].Full text
310. Secunda K, Wirpsa MJ, Neely KJ, et al. Use and meaning of "goals of care" in the healthcare literature: a systematic review and qualitative discourse analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2020 May;35(5):1559-66.Full text Abstract
311. American College of Surgeons. Best practice guidelines: geriatric trauma management. 2023 [internet publication].Full text
312. Boyd C, Smith CD, Masoudi FA, et al. Decision making for older adults with multiple chronic conditions: executive summary for the American Geriatrics Society guiding principles on the care of older adults with multimorbidity. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Apr;67(4):665-73. Abstract
313. Appelbaum PS. Clinical practice. Assessment of patients' competence to consent to treatment. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 1;357(18):1834-40. Abstract
314. Sulmasy LS, Bledsoe TA, ACP Ethics, Professionalism and Human Rights Committee. American College of Physicians ethics manual: seventh edition. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jan 15;170(2_suppl):S1-32.Full text Abstract
315. Barstow C, Shahan B, Roberts M. Evaluating medical decision-making capacity in practice. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Jul 1;98(1):40-6.Full text Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer