Thoracolumbar spine trauma

American College of Surgeons. Best practices guidelines. Spine injury. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Spinal injury: assessment and initial management. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Full text

Fischer PE, Perina DG, Delbridge TR, et al. Spinal motion restriction in the trauma patient - a joint position statement. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018 Nov-Dec;22(6):659-61.Full text  Abstract

O'Toole JE, Kaiser MG, Anderson PA, et al. Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the evaluation and treatment of patients with thoracolumbar spine trauma: executive summary. Neurosurgery. 2019 Jan 1;84(1):2-6.Full text  Abstract

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: suspected spine trauma. 2018 [internet publication].Full text

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29. American College of Surgeons. Best practices guidelines. Spine injury. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text

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33. Dai LY, Yao WF, Cui YM, et al. Thoracolumbar fractures in patients with multiple injuries: diagnosis and treatment - a review of 147 cases. J Trauma. 2004 Feb;56(2):348-55. Abstract

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35. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Spinal injury: assessment and initial management. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Full text

36. Fischer PE, Perina DG, Delbridge TR, et al. Spinal motion restriction in the trauma patient - a joint position statement. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018 Nov-Dec;22(6):659-61.Full text  Abstract

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39. O'Toole JE, Kaiser MG, Anderson PA, et al. Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the evaluation and treatment of patients with thoracolumbar spine trauma: executive summary. Neurosurgery. 2019 Jan 1;84(1):2-6.Full text  Abstract

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47. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: suspected spine trauma. 2018 [internet publication].Full text

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54. Bolesta MJ, Bohlman HH. Mediastinal widening associated with fractures of the upper thoracic spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991 Mar;73(3):447-50. Abstract

55. Terk MR, Hume-Neal M, Fraipont M, et al. Injury of the posterior ligament complex in patients with acute spinal trauma: evaluation by MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997 Jun;168(6):1481-6. Abstract

56. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Spinal injury: assessment and initial management. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Full text

57. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: low back pain. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

58. American Spinal Injury Association. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury. Chicago, IL: American Spinal Injury Association; 2000:1-23.

59. Sixta S, Moore FO, Ditillo MF, et al. Screening for thoracolumbar spinal injuries in blunt trauma: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012 Nov;73(5 suppl 4):S326-32.Full text  Abstract

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71. Bakhsheshian J, Dahdaleh NS, Fakurnejad S, et al. Evidence-based management of traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures: a systematic review of nonoperative management. Neurosurg Focus. 2014;37(1):E1.Full text  Abstract

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73. Shen WJ, Shen YS. Nonsurgical treatment of three-column thoracolumbar junction burst fractures without neurologic deficit. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999 Feb 15;24(4):412-5. Abstract

74. Alanay A, Yazici M, Acaroglu E, et al. Course of nonsurgical management of burst fractures with intact posterior ligamentous complex: an MRI study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Nov 1;29(21):2425-31. Abstract

75. Hoh DJ, Qureshi S, Anderson PA, et al. Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the evaluation and treatment of patients with thoracolumbar spine trauma: nonoperative care. Neurosurgery. 2019 Jan 1;84(1):E46-9.Full text  Abstract

76. Urquhart JC, Alrehaili OA, Fisher CG, et al. Treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures: extended follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing orthosis versus no orthosis. J Neurosurg Spine. 2017 Jul;27(1):42-7.Full text  Abstract

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