Peptic ulcer disease

Moayyedi PM, Lacy BE, Andrews CN, et al. ACG and CAG clinical guideline: management of dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul;112(7):988-1013.Full text  Abstract

Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, et al. ACG clinical guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Feb;112(2):212-39.Full text  Abstract

Laine L, Barkun AN, Saltzman JR, et al. ACG clinical guideline: upper gastrointestinal and ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 May 1;116(5):899-917. Abstract

1. Sung JJ, Kuipers EJ, El-Serag HB. Systematic review: the global incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 May 1;29(9):938-46.Full text  Abstract

2. Li Z, Zou D, Ma X, et al. Epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease: endoscopic results of the systematic investigation of gastrointestinal disease in China. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Aug 24;105(12):2570-7. Abstract

3. Aro P, Storskrubb T, Ronkainen J, et al. Peptic ulcer disease in a general adult population: the Kalixanda study: a random population-based study. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Jun 1;163(11):1025-34. Abstract

4. Sonnenberg A. Temporal trends and geographical variations of peptic ulcer disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1995;9 Suppl 2:3-12. Abstract

5. Cai S, García Rodríguez LA, Massó-González EL, et al. Uncomplicated peptic ulcer in the UK: trends from 1997 to 2005. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Nov 15;30(10):1039-48.Full text  Abstract

6. Nam K, Shin JE, Kim SE, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for upper gastrointestinal diseases in health check-up subjects: a nationwide multicenter study in Korea. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2018 Aug;53(8):910-6. Abstract

7. Sonnenberg A, Turner KO, Genta RM. Low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-positive peptic ulcers in private outpatient endoscopy centers in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020 Feb;115(2):244-50. Abstract

8. Ran J, Jin X, Li J, et al. The global burden of peptic ulcer disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Int J Epidemiol. 2022 Oct 13;51(5):1666-76. Abstract

9. Azhari H, King JA, Coward S, et al. The global incidence of peptic ulcer disease is decreasing since the turn of the 21st century: a study of the organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD). Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Sep 1;117(9):1419-27. Abstract

10. Suerbaum S, Michetti P. Helicobacter pylori infection. New Engl J Med. 2002 Oct 10;347(15):1175-86. Abstract

11. Archampong TN, Asmah RH, Richards CJ, et al. Gastro-duodenal disease in Africa: literature review and clinical data from Accra, Ghana. World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Jul 14;25(26):3344-58.Full text  Abstract

12. Huang JQ, Sridhar S, Hunt RH. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic-ulcer disease: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2002 Jan 5;359(9300):14-22. Abstract

13. Hung LC, Ching JY, Sung JJ, et al. Long-term outcome of Helicobacter pylori-negative idiopathic bleeding ulcers: a prospective cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2005 Jun;128(7):1845-50. Abstract

14. Dore MP, Soro S, Niolu C, et al. Clinical features and natural history of idiopathic peptic ulcers: a retrospective case-control study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2019 Nov;54(11):1315-21. Abstract

15. Levenstein S, Rosenstock S, Jacobsen RK, et al. Psychological stress increases risk for peptic ulcer, regardless of Helicobacter pylori infection or use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Mar;13(3):498-506.e1.Full text  Abstract

16. Kanno T, Iijima K, Abe Y, et al. Peptic ulcers after the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami: possible existence of psychosocial stress ulcers in humans. J Gastroenterol. 2013 Apr;48(4):483-90. Abstract

17. Cekin AH, Taskoparan M, Duman A, et al. The role of Helicobacter pylori and NSAIDs in the pathogenesis of uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:189373.Full text  Abstract

18. Narayanan M, Reddy KM, Marsicano E. Peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection. Mo Med. 2018 May-Jun;115(3):219-24.Full text  Abstract

19. O'Connor HJ. The role of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1994;201:11-5. Abstract

20. Lazzaroni M, Bianchi Porro G. Gastrointestinal side-effects of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and new formulations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jul;20(suppl 2):48-58. Abstract

21. Russell RI. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal damage-problems and solutions. Postgrad Med J. 2001 Feb;77(904):82-8.Full text  Abstract

22. Drini M. Peptic ulcer disease and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aust Prescr. 2017 Jun;40(3):91-3.Full text  Abstract

23. Mahady SE, Margolis KL, Chan A, et al. Major GI bleeding in older persons using aspirin: incidence and risk factors in the ASPREE randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2021 Apr;70(4):717-24.Full text  Abstract

24. García Rodríguez LA, Lin KJ, Hernández-Díaz S, et al. Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with low-dose acetylsalicylic acid alone and in combination with clopidogrel and other medications. Circulation. 2011 Mar 15;123(10):1108-15.Full text  Abstract

25. Knopp-Sihota JA, Cummings GG, Homik J, et al. The association between serious upper gastrointestinal bleeding and incident bisphosphonate use: a population-based nested cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2013 Apr 20;13:36.Full text  Abstract

26. Hooper L, Brown TJ, Elliott R, et al. The effectiveness of five strategies for the prevention of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: systematic review. BMJ. 2004 Oct 23;329(7472):948. Abstract

27. Tang CL, Ye F, Liu W, Pan XL, et al. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection reduces the incidence of peptic ulcer disease in patients using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a meta-analysis. Helicobacter. 2012 Aug;17(4):286-96. Abstract

28. Garrow D, Delegge MH. Risk factors for gastrointestinal ulcer disease in the US population. Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Jan 22;55(1):66-72. Abstract

29. Maity P, Biswas K, Roy S, et al. Smoking and the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcer--recent mechanistic update. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Nov;253(1-2):329-38. Abstract

30. Brenner H, Rothenbacher D, Bode G, et al. The individual and joint contributions of Helicobacter pylori infection and family history to the risk for peptic ulcer disease. J Infect Dis. 1998 Apr;177(4):1124-7. Abstract

31. Johnsen R, Førde OH, Straume B, et al. Aetiology of peptic ulcer: a prospective population study in Norway. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1994 Apr;48(2):156-60. Abstract

32. Del Bianco T, Borgoni R, Del Bianco P, et al. Peptic ulcer inheritance in patients with elevated serum pepsinogen group A levels and without infection of Helicobacter pylori. Dig Liver Dis. 2000 Jan-Feb;32(1):12-9. Abstract

33. Lanza FL, Chan FK, Quigley EM; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complications. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Mar;104(3):728-38. Abstract

34. Ye Z, Reintam Blaser A, Lytvyn L, et al. Gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis for critically ill patients: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2020 Jan 6;368:l6722.Full text  Abstract

35. Scheiman JM, Devereaux PJ, Herlitz J, et al. Prevention of peptic ulcers with esomeprazole in patients at risk of ulcer development treated with low-dose acetylsalicylic acid: a randomised, controlled trial (OBERON). Heart. 2011 May;97(10):797-802.Full text  Abstract

36. Kurlander JE, Barnes GD, Fisher A, et al. Association of antisecretory drugs with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients using oral anticoagulants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2022 Oct;135(10):1231-43.e8.Full text  Abstract

37. Ahn HJ, Lee SR, Choi EK, et al. Protective effect of proton-pump inhibitor against gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving oral anticoagulants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Nov;88(11):4676-87. Abstract

38. Yang M, He M, Zhao M, et al. Proton pump inhibitors for preventing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced gastrointestinal toxicity: a systematic review. Curr Med Res Opin. 2017 Jan 25;33(6):973-80. Abstract

39. Hawkey C, Avery A, Coupland CAC, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication for primary prevention of peptic ulcer bleeding in older patients prescribed aspirin in primary care (HEAT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2022 Nov 5;400(10363):1597-606.Full text  Abstract

40. Cash BD. Evidence-based medicine as it applies to acid suppression in the hospitalized patient. Crit Care Med. 2002 Jun;30(suppl 6):S373-8. Abstract

41. Chan FK, Kyaw M, Tanigawa T, et al. Similar efficacy of proton-pump inhibitors vs H2-receptor antagonists in reducing risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers in high-risk users of low-dose aspirin. Gastroenterology. 2016 Sep 15;152(1):105-10.e1. Abstract

42. Scally B, Emberson JR, Spata E, et al. Effects of gastroprotectant drugs for the prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer disease and its complications: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Apr;3(4):231-41.Full text  Abstract

43. Moayyedi PM, Lacy BE, Andrews CN, et al. ACG and CAG clinical guideline: management of dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul;112(7):988-1013.Full text  Abstract

44. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Banerjee S, Cash BD, Dominitz JA, et al. The role of endoscopy in the management of patients with peptic ulcer disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Apr;71(4):663-8.Full text  Abstract

45. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia in adults: investigation and management. November 2019 [internet publication].Full text

46. Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, et al. ACG clinical guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Feb;112(2):212-39.Full text  Abstract

47. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, Rokkas T, et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht VI/Florence consensus report. Gut. 2022 Aug 8;gutjnl-2022-327745.Full text  Abstract

48. Best LM, Takwoingi Y, Siddique S, et al. Non-invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;(3):CD012080.Full text  Abstract

49. McNulty C, Teare L, Owen R, et al. Test and treat for dyspepsia--but which test? BMJ. 2005 Jan 15;330(7483):105-6. Abstract

50. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Chapter 4: travel-related infectious diseases - Helicobacter pylori. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

51. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria®: epigastric pain.​ 2021 [internet publication].Full text

52. Kamada T, Satoh K, Itoh T, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for peptic ulcer disease 2020. J Gastroenterol. 2021 Apr;56(4):303-22.Full text  Abstract

53. Sung JJ, Chiu PW, Chan FKL, et al. Asia-Pacific working group consensus on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: an update 2018. Gut. 2018 Oct;67(10):1757-68.Full text  Abstract

54. Public Health England. Helicobacter pylori in dyspepsia: test and treat. Sept 2019 [internet publication].Full text

55. Gralnek IM, Stanley AJ, Morris AJ, et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline - update 2021. Endoscopy. 2021 Mar;53(3):300-32.Full text  Abstract

56. Hussein M, Alzoubaidi D, Lopez MF, et al. Hemostatic spray powder TC-325 in the primary endoscopic treatment of peptic ulcer-related bleeding: multicenter international registry. Endoscopy. 2021 Jan;53(1):36-43. Abstract

57. Laine L, Barkun AN, Saltzman JR, et al. ACG clinical guideline: upper gastrointestinal and ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 May 1;116(5):899-917. Abstract

58. Barkun AN, Almadi M, Kuipers EJ, et al. Management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: guideline recommendations from the International Consensus Group. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Dec 3;171(11):805-22.Full text  Abstract

59. Hung WK, Li VK, Chung CK, et al. Randomized trial comparing pantoprazole infusion, bolus and no treatment on gastric pH and recurrent bleeding in peptic ulcers. ANZ J Surg. 2007 Aug;77(8):677-81. Abstract

60. Sung JJ, Barkun A, Kuipers EJ, et al. Intravenous esomeprazole for prevention of recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Apr 7;150(7):455-64.Full text  Abstract

61. Lau JY, Sung JJ, Lee KK, et al. Effect of intravenous omeprazole on recurrent bleeding after endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers. N Engl J Med. 2000 Aug 3;343(5):310-6.Full text  Abstract

62. Kanno T, Yuan Y, Tse F, et al. Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jan 7;1(1):CD005415.Full text  Abstract

63. Tarasconi A, Coccolini F, Biffl WL, et al. Perforated and bleeding peptic ulcer: WSES guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2020;15:3.Full text  Abstract

64. Abraham NS, Barkun AN, Sauer BG, et al. American College of Gastroenterology-Canadian Association of Gastroenterology clinical practice guideline: management of anticoagulants and antiplatelets during acute gastrointestinal bleeding and the periendoscopic period. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Apr 1;117(4):542-58.Full text  Abstract

65. Cheung J, Rajala J, Moroz D, et al. Acetylsalicylic acid use in patients with acute myocardial infarction and peptic ulcer bleeding. Can J Gastroenterol. 2009 Sep;23(9):619-23.Full text  Abstract

66. Sung JJ, Lau JY, Ching JY, et al. Continuation of low-dose aspirin therapy in peptic ulcer bleeding: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:1-9. Abstract

67. Villanueva C, Colomo A, Bosch A, et al. Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 3;368(1):11-21.Full text  Abstract

68. Guo CG, Cheung KS, Zhang F, et al. Delay in retreatment of Helicobacter pylori infection increases risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Feb;19(2):314-22.e2.Full text  Abstract

69. Dahal K, Sharma SP, Kaur J, et al. Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors in the long-term aspirin users: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Ther. 2017 Sep/Oct;24(5):e559-e569. Abstract

70. Nissen SE, Yeomans ND, Solomon DH, et al. Cardiovascular safety of celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov 13;375(26):2519-29.Full text  Abstract

71. Richardson C, Hawkey CJ, Stack WA. Proton pump inhibitors - pharmacology and rationale for use in gastrointestinal disorders. Drugs. 1998 Sep;56(3):307-35. Abstract

72. Rostom A, Dube C, Wells G, et al. Prevention of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(4):CD002296.Full text  Abstract

73. Ford AC, Gurusamy KS, Delaney B, et al. Eradication therapy for peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori-positive people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(4):CD003840.Full text  Abstract

74. Graham DY, Canaan Y, Maher J, et al. Rifabutin-based triple therapy (RHB-105) for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Jun 16;172(12):795-802. Abstract

75. ClinicalTrials.gov. ERADICATE Hp - Treating Helicobacter pylori with RHB-105 (ERADICATE Hp). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01980095. Sept 2019 [internet publication].Full text

76. ClinicalTrials.gov. ERADICATE Hp2 - Treating Helicobacter Pylori With RHB-105 Compared to Active Comparator (ERADICATE Hp2) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03198507. Mar 2020 [internet publication].Full text

77. Xirouchakis E, Georgopoulos SD. Evaluating treatments with rifabutin and amoxicillin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults: a systematic review. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2022 Feb;23(2):201-10. Abstract

78. Simadibrata DM, Syam AF, Lee YY. A comparison of efficacy and safety of potassium-competitive acid blocker and proton pump inhibitor in gastric acid-related diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Dec;37(12):2217-28.Full text  Abstract

79. Yang S, Deng W, Xie Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors versus vonoprazan in treatment of erosive esophagitis: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Nov 25;101(47):e31807.Full text  Abstract

80. Kim EH, Park SW, Nam E, et al. Comparative efficacy of various anti-ulcer medications after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Surg Endosc. 2019 Apr;33(4):1271-83. Abstract

81. Martin, Zhou Y, Meng CX, et al. Vonoprazan vs proton pump inhibitors in treating post-endoscopic submucosal dissection ulcers and preventing bleeding: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Feb;99(9):e19357.Full text  Abstract

82. Liu C, Feng BC, Zhang Y, et al. The efficacy of vonoprazan for management of post-endoscopic submucosal dissection ulcers compared with proton pump inhibitors: a meta-analysis. J Dig Dis. 2019 Oct;20(10):503-11. Abstract

83. Fallone CA, Moss SF, Malfertheiner P. Reconciliation of recent Helicobacter pylori treatment guidelines in a time of increasing resistance to antibiotics. Gastroenterology. 2019 Jul;157(1):44-53.Full text  Abstract

84. Flores-Treviño S, Mendoza-Olazarán S, Bocanegra-Ibarias P, et al. Helicobacter pylori drug resistance: therapy changes and challenges. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Aug;12(8):819-27. Abstract

85. Cummings LC, Hojat LS, Nguyen DC, et al. Tailored treatment based on Helicobacter pylori genetic markers of resistance is associated with higher eradication success. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 Feb 1;118(2):360-3.Full text  Abstract

86. Park CS, Lee SM, Park CH, et al. Pretreatment antimicrobial susceptibility-guided vs. clarithromycin-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in a region with high rates of multiple drug resistance. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct;109(10):1595-602. Abstract

87. Targownik LE, Fisher DA, Saini SD. AGA Clinical practice update on de-prescribing of proton pump inhibitors: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2022 Apr;162(4):1334-42.Full text  Abstract

88. Xie Y, Bowe B, Yan Y, et al. Estimates of all cause mortality and cause specific mortality associated with proton pump inhibitors among US veterans: cohort study. BMJ. 2019 May 29;365:l1580.Full text  Abstract

89. Poly TN, Islam MM, Yang HC, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and risk of hip fracture: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Osteoporos Int. 2019 Jan;30(1):103-14. Abstract

90. Chrysant SG. Proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia complicated with serious cardiac arrhythmias. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2019 May;17(5):345-51. Abstract

91. Sheen E, Triadafilopoulos G. Adverse effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy. Dig Dis Sci. 2011 Apr;56(4):931-50. Abstract

92. Heidelbaugh JJ, Kim AH, Chang R, et al. Overutilization of proton-pump inhibitors: what the clinician needs to know. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2012 Jul;5(4):219-32.Full text  Abstract

93. Wilhelm SM, Rjater RG, Kale-Pradhan PB. Perils and pitfalls of long-term effects of proton pump inhibitors. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Jul;6(4):443-51. Abstract

94. Wennogle L, Wysowskyj H, Steel DJ, et al. Regulation of central cholecystokinin recognition sites by guanyl nucleotides. J Neurochem. 1988 Mar;50(3):954-9. Abstract

95. Veettil SK, Sadoyu S, Bald EM, et al. Association of proton-pump inhibitor use with adverse health outcomes: a systematic umbrella review of meta-analyses of cohort studies and randomised controlled trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Feb;88(4):1551-66.Full text  Abstract

96. Yuan J, He Q, Nguyen LH, et al. Regular use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective cohort studies. Gut. 2021 Jun;70(6):1070-7. Abstract

97. Moayyedi P, Eikelboom JW, Bosch J, et al. Safety of proton pump inhibitors based on a large, multi-year, randomized trial of patients receiving rivaroxaban or aspirin. Gastroenterology. 2019 Sep;157(3):682-691.e2.Full text  Abstract

98. Hansen KE, Nieves JW, Nudurupati S, et al. Dexlansoprazole and esomeprazole do not affect bone homeostasis in healthy postmenopausal women. Gastroenterology. 2019 Mar;156(4):926-934.e6.Full text  Abstract

99. Khan MA, Yuan Y, Iqbal U, et al. No association linking short-term proton pump inhibitor use to dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020 May;115(5):671-8. Abstract

100. Ahn N, Nolde M, Krause E, et al. Do proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of dementia? A systematic review, meta-analysis and bias analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2023 Feb;89(2):602-16.Full text  Abstract

101. Brown JP, Tazare JR, Williamson E, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Aug;87(8):3150-61.Full text  Abstract

102. Imhann F, Bonder MJ, Vich Vila A, et al. Proton pump inhibitors affect the gut microbiome. Gut. 2016 May;65(5):740-8.Full text  Abstract

103. Yuan Y, Ford AC, Khan KJ, et al. Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(12):CD008337.Full text  Abstract

104. BioSpace. Edenbridge Pharmaceuticals announces U.S. FDA approval of Dartisla ODT (glycopyrrolate) orally disintegrating tablets.​ Dec 2021 [internet publication].

105. World Gastroenterology Organisation. Helicobacter pylori World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines.​ 2021 [internet publication].Full text

106. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Endoscopic diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Update 2021. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

107. World Society of Emergency Surgery. Perforated and bleeding peptic ulcer: WSES guidelines. 2020 [internet publication].Full text

108. Kato M, Ota H, Okuda M, et al. Guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan: 2016 Revised Edition. Helicobacter. 2019 Aug;24(4):e12597.Full text  Abstract

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