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Astigmatism

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  • 概述
  • 理论
  • 诊断
  • 治疗
  • 随访
  • 资源
最后审阅： 6 Mar 2026
最后更新： 21 Sep 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • blurred vision
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • asthenopia (eye strain)
  • distorted retinal reflex
  • Munson sign
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危险因素

  • positive family history
  • presence of myopia
  • Native American, African-American, East Asian, Hispanic, or indigenous Brazilian ethnicity
  • eye trauma or surgery
  • genetic syndromes
  • eyelid pathology
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • retinoscopy
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需考虑的检查

  • keratometry
  • corneal topography
  • wavefront analysis technology
  • anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT)
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

borderline astigmatism in patients ages ≥1 year

regular astigmatism

irregular astigmatism

撰稿人

作者

Erez Bakshi, MD

Department of Ophthalmology

Assaf Harofeh Medical Center

Tel Aviv University

Israel

利益声明

EB declares that he has no competing interests.

David Zadok, MD

Principal Investigator

Department of Ophthalmology

Assaf Harofeh Medical Center

Tel Aviv University

Israel

利益声明

DZ declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Michael P. Ehrenhaus, MD

Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology

Cornea External Disease and Refractive Surgery Local Director

Long Island College Hospital Eye Center

Brooklyn

NY

利益声明

MPE declares that he has no competing interests.

Gus Gazzard, MA, MBBChir, MD, FRCOphth

Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon

King's College Hospital

Honorary Research Fellow

Institute of Ophthalmology

London

UK

利益声明

GG declares that he has no competing interests.

Richard Davidson, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Ophthalmology

Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute

University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine

Denver

CO

利益声明

RD serves on the speakers bureaux for Alcan Inc and Allergan Inc. The work for these companies does not conflict with the review or nature of this topic.

Robert Chang, MD

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology Research/Clinical Trials

Stanford University

Palo Alto

CA

利益声明

RC declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Jacobs DS, Afshari NA, Bishop RJ, et al. Refractive errors preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P1-60.全文  摘要

Read SA, Collins MJ, Carney LG. A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis. Clin Exp Optom. 2007 Jan;90(1):5-19. 摘要

Gwiazda J, Grice K, Held R, et al. Astigmatism and the development of myopia in children. Vision Res. 2000;40(8):1019-26. 摘要

Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, et al. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-70.全文  摘要

Jacobs DS, Lee JK, Shen TT, et al. Refractive surgery preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P61-135.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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