Summary
Definition
History and exam
Other diagnostic factors
- asthenopia (eye strain)
- distorted retinal reflex
- Munson's sign
Risk factors
- positive family history
- presence of myopia
- East Asian, Hispanic, Native American, or indigenous Brazilian ethnicity
- eye trauma or surgery
- genetic syndromes
- eyelid pathology
Diagnostic investigations
Emerging tests
- wavefront analysis technology
- anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT)
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Department of Ophthalmology
Assaf Harofeh Medical Center
Tel Aviv University
Israel
Disclosures
EB declares that he has no competing interests.
Principal Investigator
Department of Ophthalmology
Assaf Harofeh Medical Center
Tel Aviv University
Israel
Disclosures
DZ declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Cornea External Disease and Refractive Surgery Local Director
Long Island College Hospital Eye Center
Brooklyn
NY
Disclosures
MPE declares that he has no competing interests.
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
King's College Hospital
Honorary Research Fellow
Institute of Ophthalmology
London
UK
Disclosures
GG declares that he has no competing interests.
Assistant Professor
Department of Ophthalmology
Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute
University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine
Denver
CO
Disclosures
RD serves on the speakers bureaux for Alcan Inc and Allergan Inc. The work for these companies does not conflict with the review or nature of this topic.
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