Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presence of risk factors
- weight (>90th percentile)
- gait with affected leg externally rotated
Other diagnostic factors
- groin or knee pain
- bilateral hip pain
- Trendelenburg's gait
- restricted range of motion
- weight (<50th percentile)
- symptoms of hypothyroidism or panhypopituitarism
- renal failure
- recent trauma
Risk factors
- puberty
- obesity
- male sex
- endocrine disorders
- ancestry
- geographic region
- prior radiotherapy
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- bilateral antero-posterior x-rays
- frog-leg lateral x-rays
Investigations to consider
- metabolic panel
- serum TFTs
- serum growth hormone
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
George J. Garceau Professor of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis
IN
Disclosures
RTL declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr Randall T. Loder would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr John M. Flynn, Dr Purushottam A. Gholve, Dr Danielle B. Cameron, and Dr Patrick O'Toole, previous contributors to this topic. JMF, PAG, DBC, and PO declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Madison
WI
Disclosures
JM declares that he has no competing interests.
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon and Honorary Lecturer
University Hospital of Wales
Cardiff
UK
Disclosures
DPT declares that he has no competing interests.
Professor
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD)
School of Medicine
University of Southampton
Southampton
UK
Disclosures
NMC has received honoraria for visiting professorships in North America and also for lectures in respect of congenital hip dysplasia. He is also a founding member of the International Hip Dysplasia Institute, which has received charitable funding.
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