Summary
Definition
History and exam
Other diagnostic factors
- behavioural changes
- diplopia
- ophthalmoplegias
- bulging anterior fontanelle
- papilloedema
- nystagmus
- head tilt
- ataxia
- dysmetria
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- brain MRI
- brain CT
- histology
- cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine MRI
- lumbar puncture
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Consultant Clinical Oncologist
Department of Oncology
Addenbrooke's Hospital
Cambridge
UK
Disclosures
GH has done paid consultancy work for Janssen and Bayer, and holds shares in GenesisCare.
Consultant Clinical Oncologist
Addenbrookes Hospital
Cambridge
UK
Disclosures
FH declares that she has no competing interests.
Consultant Clinical Oncologist
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Cambridge
UK
Disclosures
TVA declares that she has no competing interests.
Dr Gail Horan, Dr Fiona Harris, and Dr Thankamma V. Ajithkumar would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Sindu Vivekanandan, Dr Barry Pizer, Dr Michael J. Fisher, Dr Phillip B. Storm, and Dr Gregory G. Heuer, the previous contributors to this topic.
Peer reviewers
Division of Neurosurgery
University of Toronto
Toronto
Ontario
Canada
Disclosures
DR declares that he has no competing interests.
Professor of Paediatric Neurosurgery
Nottingham University Hospital
Nottingham
UK
Disclosures
MV declares that he has no competing interests.
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer