Meningioma

Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, et al. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021 Aug 2;23(8):1231-51.Full text  Abstract

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: central nervous system cancers [internet publication].Full text

Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou P, Jenkinson MD, et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and management of meningiomas. Neuro Oncol. 2021 Nov 2;23(11):1821-34.Full text  Abstract

1. Ostrom QT, Price M, Neff C, et al. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2015-2019. Neuro Oncol. 2022 Oct 5;24(suppl 5):v1-v95.Full text  Abstract

2. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. 5th Edition. France: IARC; 2021.

3. Rogers L, Gilbert M, Vogelbaum MA. Intracranial meningiomas of atypical (WHO grade II) histology. J Neurooncol. 2010;99:393-405. Abstract

4. Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, et al. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021 Aug 2;23(8):1231-51.Full text  Abstract

5. Claus EB, Bondy ML, Schildkraut JM, et al. Epidemiology of intracranial meningioma. Neurosurgery. 2005;57:1088-1095. Abstract

6. Longstreth WT, Jr, Dennis LK, McGuire VM, et al. Epidemiology of intracranial meningioma. Cancer. 1993;72:639-648.Full text  Abstract

7. Harrison MJ, Wolfe DE, Lau TS, et al. Radiation-induced meningiomas: experience at the Mount Sinai Hospital and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 1991;75:564-574. Abstract

8. Mack EE, Wilson CB. Meningiomas induced by high-dose cranial irradiation. J Neurosurg. 1993;79:28-31. Abstract

9. Shintani T, Hayakawa N, Hoshi M, et al. High incidence of meningioma among Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors. J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 1999;40:49-57.Full text  Abstract

10. Bowers DC, Moskowitz CS, Chou JF, et al. Morbidity and mortality associated with meningioma after cranial radiotherapy: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Oncol. 2017 May 10;35(14):1570-76.Full text  Abstract

11. Withrow DR, Anderson H, Armstrong GT, et al. Pooled analysis of meningioma risk following treatment for childhood cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2022 Dec 1;8(12):1756-64.Full text  Abstract

12. Wiemels J, Wrensch M, Claus EB. Epidemiology and etiology of meningioma. J Neurooncol. 2010 Sep;99(3):307-14.Full text  Abstract

13. Lee E, Grutsch J, Persky V, et al. Association of meningioma with reproductive factors. Int J Cancer. 2006 Sep 1;119(5):1152-7.Full text  Abstract

14. Sughrue ME, Kane AJ, Shangari G, et al. Prevalence of previous extracranial malignancies in a series of 1228 patients presenting with meningioma. J Neurosurg. 2010 Nov;113(5):1115-21. Abstract

15. Shahin MN, Magill ST, Dalle Ore CL, et al. Fertility treatment is associated with multiple meningiomas and younger age at diagnosis. J Neurooncol. 2019 May;143(1):137-44.Full text  Abstract

16. Weill A, Nguyen P, Labidi M, et al. Use of high dose cyproterone acetate and risk of intracranial meningioma in women: cohort study. BMJ. 2021 Feb 3;372:n37.Full text  Abstract

17. Lee KS, Zhang JJY, Kirollos R, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between cyproterone acetate and intracranial meningiomas. Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 4;12(1):1942.Full text  Abstract

18. Yelehe M, Klein M, El Aridi L, et al. Adverse effects of gender-affirming hormonal therapy in transgender persons: Assessing reports in the French pharmacovigilance database. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Dec;36(6):1115-24.Full text  Abstract

19. Lee YS, Lee YS. Molecular characteristics of meningiomas. J Pathol Transl Med. 2020 Jan;54(1):45-63.Full text  Abstract

20. Ragel BT, Jensen RL, Couldwell WT. Inflammatory response and meningioma tumorigenesis and the effect of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23:E7.Full text  Abstract

21. Ragel BT, Jensen RL, Gillespie DL, et al. Celecoxib inhibits meningioma tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Cancer. 2007;109:588-597.Full text  Abstract

22. Szychot E, Goodden J, Whitfield G, et al. Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG): review and guidelines for the management of meningioma in children, teenagers and young adults. Br J Neurosurg. 2020 Apr;34(2):142-53. Abstract

23. Ron E, Modan B, Boice JD, Jr, et al. Tumors of the brain and nervous system after radiotherapy in childhood. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1033-1039. Abstract

24. Preston-Martin S, Henderson BE, Bernstein L. Medical and dental x rays as risk factors for recently diagnosed tumors of the head. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1985;69:175-179. Abstract

25. Hemminki K, Li X, Collins VP. Parental cancer as a risk factor for brain tumors (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control. 2001 Apr;12(3):195-9. Abstract

26. Antinheimo J, Sankila R, Carpen O, et al. Population-based analysis of sporadic and type 2 neurofibromatosis-associated meningiomas and schwannomas. Neurology. 2000;54:71-76. Abstract

27. Watson MA, Gutmann DH, Peterson K, et al. Molecular characterization of human meningiomas by gene expression profiling using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. Am J Pathol. 2002;161:665-672.Full text  Abstract

28. Custer BS, Koepsell TD, Mueller BA. The association between breast carcinoma and meningioma in women. Cancer. 2002;94:1626-1635.Full text  Abstract

29. Jhawar BS, Fuchs CS, Colditz GA, et al. Sex steroid hormone exposures and risk for meningioma. J Neurosurg. 2003;99:848-853. Abstract

30. Wrensch M, Minn Y, Chew T, et al. Epidemiology of primary brain tumors: current concepts and review of the literature. Neuro Oncol. 2002;4:278-99.Full text  Abstract

31. Champeaux-Depond C, Weller J, Froelich S, et al. Cyproterone acetate and meningioma: a nationwide-wide population based study. J Neurooncol. 2021 Jan;151(2):331-38. Abstract

32. Hoisnard L, Laanani M, Passeri T, et al. Risk of intracranial meningioma with three potent progestogens: A population-based case-control study. Eur J Neurol. 2022 Sep;29(9):2801-9.Full text  Abstract

33. Voormolen EHJ, Champagne PO, Roca E, et al. Intracranial meningiomas decrease in volume on magnetic resonance imaging after discontinuing progestin. Neurosurgery. 2021 Jul 15;89(2):308-14. Abstract

34. Bernat AL, Oyama K, Hamdi S, et al. Growth stabilization and regression of meningiomas after discontinuation of cyproterone acetate: a case series of 12 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2015 Oct;157(10):1741-6. Abstract

35. Phillips LE, Koepsell TD, van Belle G, et al. History of head trauma and risk of intracranial meningioma: population-based case-control study. Neurology. 2002;58:1849-52. Abstract

36. Kan P, Simonsen SE, Lyon JL, et al. Cellular phone use and brain tumor: a meta-analysis. J Neurooncol. 2008 Jan;86(1):71-8. Abstract

37. Chen F, Wang P, Lan J, et al. Wireless phone use and adult meningioma risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Neurosurg. 2021 Aug;35(4):444-50. Abstract

38. Coureau G, Bouvier G, Lebailly P, et al. Mobile phone use and brain tumours in the CERENAT case-control study. Occup Environ Med. 2014;71:514-522. Abstract

39. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: central nervous system cancers [internet publication].Full text

40. Kernick DP, Ahmed F, Bahra A, et al. Imaging patients with suspected brain tumour: guidance for primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2008;58:880-885.Full text  Abstract

41. Ownsworth T, Hawkes A, Steginga S, et al. A biopsychosocial perspective on adjustment and quality of life following brain tumor: a systematic evaluation of the literature. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31:1038-1055. Abstract

42. Nakasu S, Fukami T, Nakajima M, et al. Growth pattern changes of meningiomas: long-term analysis. Neurosurgery. 2005;56:946-955. Abstract

43. Oya S, Kim SH, Sade B, et al. The natural history of intracranial meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 2011 May;114(5):1250-6. Abstract

44. Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou P, Jenkinson MD, et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and management of meningiomas. Neuro Oncol. 2021 Nov 2;23(11):1821-34.Full text  Abstract

45. Prasad RN, Perlow HK, Bovi J, et al. (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET: the future of meningioma treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2022 Jul 15;113(4):868-71.Full text  Abstract

46. Perlow HK, Siedow M, Gokun Y, et al. (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET-based radiation contouring creates more precise radiation volumes for patients with meningioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2022 Jul 15;113(4):859-65. Abstract

47. Hadi I, Biczok A, Terpolilli N, et al. Multimodal therapy of cavernous sinus meningioma: Impact of surgery and (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET-guided radiation therapy on tumor control and functional outcome. Neurooncol Adv. 2021 Jan-Dec;3(1):vdab114.Full text  Abstract

48. Louis D, Scheithauer B, Budka H, et al. Meningiomas. In: Kleihues P, Cavenee W, editors. World Health Organization classification of tumours: pathology and genetics: tumours of the nervous system. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2000.

49. Englot DJ, Magill ST, Han SJ, et al. Seizures in supratentorial meningioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2016 Jun;124(6):1552-61.Full text  Abstract

50. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, et al (eds). World Health Organization classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Revised, 4th edition. France: IARC; 2016.

51. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Westler OD, et al (eds). World Health Organization classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Lyon, France: IARC; 2007.

52. Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, et al. The 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Acta Neuropathol. 2016 Jun;131(6):803-20.Full text  Abstract

53. Simpson D. The recurrence of intracranial meningiomas after surgical treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1957;20:22-39. Abstract

54. Komotar RJ, Starke RM, Raper DM, et al. Endoscopic endonasal versus open transcranial resection of anterior midline skull base meningiomas. World Neurosurg. 2012;77:713-724. Abstract

55. Kotecha RS, Pascoe EM, Rushing EJ, et al. Meningiomas in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:1229-1239. Abstract

56. Sheehan J, Pikis S, Islim AI, et al. An international multicenter matched cohort analysis of incidental meningioma progression during active surveillance or after stereotactic radiosurgery: the IMPASSE study. Neuro Oncol. 2022 Jan 5;24(1):116-24.Full text  Abstract

57. Nakamura M, Roser F, Michel J, et al. The natural history of incidental meningiomas. Neurosurgery. 2003;53:62-70. Abstract

58. Islim AI, Millward CP, Piper RJ, et al. External validation and recalibration of an incidental meningioma prognostic model - IMPACT: protocol for an international multicentre retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2022 Jan 18;12(1):e052705.Full text  Abstract

59. Sughrue ME, Rutkowski MJ, Aranda D, et al. Treatment decision making based on the published natural history and growth rate of small meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 2010;113:1036-42. Abstract

60. Firsching RP, Fischer A, Peters R, et al. Growth rate of incidental meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 1990;73:545-547. Abstract

61. Go RS, Taylor BV, Kimmel DW. The natural history of asymptomatic meningiomas in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Neurology. 1998;51:1718-1720. Abstract

62. Herscovici Z, Rappaport Z, Sulkes J, et al. Natural history of conservatively treated meningiomas. Neurology. 2004;63:1133-1134. Abstract

63. Olivero WC, Lister JR, Elwood PW. The natural history and growth rate of asymptomatic meningiomas: a review of 60 patients. J Neurosurg. 1995;83:222-224. Abstract

64. Yano S, Kuratsu J. Indications for surgery in patients with asymptomatic meningiomas based on an extensive experience. J Neurosurg. 2006;105:538-543. Abstract

65. Yoneoka Y, Fujii Y, Tanaka R. Growth of incidental meningiomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2000;142:507-511. Abstract

66. Islim AI, Kolamunnage-Dona R, Mohan M, et al. A prognostic model to personalize monitoring regimes for patients with incidental asymptomatic meningiomas. Neuro Oncol. 2020 Feb 20;22(2):278-89.Full text  Abstract

67. Marcus HJ, Price SJ, Wilby M, et al. Radiotherapy as an adjuvant in the management of intracranial meningiomas: are we practising evidence-based medicine? Br J Neurosurg. 2008;22:520-528. Abstract

68. Clark AJ, Jahangiri A, Garcia RM, et al. Endoscopic surgery for tuberculum sellae meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2013;36:349-359. Abstract

69. Marchetti M, Sahgal A, De Salles AAF, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial noncavernous sinus benign meningioma: International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society systematic review, meta-analysis and practice guideline. Neurosurgery. 2020 Oct 15;87(5):879-90.Full text  Abstract

70. Sughrue ME, Rutkowski MJ, Aranda D, et al. Factors affecting outcome following treatment of patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 2010;113:1087-1092. Abstract

71. Lee CC, Trifiletti DM, Sahgal A, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for benign (World Health Organization Grade I) cavernous sinus meningiomas-International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS) practice guideline: a systematic review. Neurosurgery. 2018 Dec 1;83(6):1128-42. Abstract

72. Palmisciano P, Haider AS, Balasubramanian K, et al. The role of cesium-131 brachytherapy in brain tumors: a scoping review of the literature and ongoing clinical trials. J Neurooncol. 2022 Aug;159(1):117-33. Abstract

73. Mair MJ, Berghoff AS, Brastianos PK, et al. Emerging systemic treatment options in meningioma. J Neurooncol. 2023 Jan;161(2):245-58.Full text  Abstract

74. Jaaskelainen J, Haltia M, Servo A. Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas: radiology, surgery, radiotherapy, and outcome. Surg Neurol. 1986;25:233-242. Abstract

75. Rosenthal MA, Ashley DL, Cher L. Treatment of high risk or recurrent meningiomas with hydroxyurea. J Clin Neurosci. 2002;9:156-158. Abstract

76. Wen PY, Schiff D, Kesari S, et al. Medical management of patients with brain tumors. J Neurooncol. 2006;80:313-332. Abstract

77. Schrell UM, Rittig MG, Anders M, et al. Hydroxyurea for treatment of unresectable and recurrent meningiomas. I. Inhibition of primary human meningioma cells in culture and in meningioma transplants by induction of the apoptotic pathway. J Neurosurg. 1997;86:845-852. Abstract

78. Schrell UM, Rittig MG, Anders M, et al. Hydroxyurea for treatment of unresectable and recurrent meningiomas. II. Decrease in the size of meningiomas in patients treated with hydroxyurea. J Neurosurg. 1997;86:840-844. Abstract

79. Kondziolka D, Levy EI, Niranjan A, et al. Long-term outcomes after meningioma radiosurgery: physician and patient perspectives. J Neurosurg. 1999;91:44-50. Abstract

80. Machein MR, Plate KH. VEGF in brain tumors. J Neurooncol. 2000;50:109-120. Abstract

81. Preusser M, Hassler M, Birner P, et al. Microvascularization and expression of VEGF and its receptors in recurring meningiomas: pathobiological data in favor of anti-angiogenic therapy approaches. Clin Neuropathol. 2012;31:352-360. Abstract

82. Nayak L, Iwamoto FM, Rudnick JD, et al. Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas treated with bevacizumab. J Neurooncol. 2012;109:187-193. Abstract

83. Lou E, Sumrall AL, Turner S, et al. Bevacizumab therapy for adults with recurrent/progressive meningioma: a retrospective series. J Neurooncol. 2012;109:63-70.Full text  Abstract

84. Andrae N, Kirches E, Hartig R, et al. Sunitinib targets PDGF-receptor and Flt3 and reduces survival and migration of human meningioma cells. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48:1831-41.Full text  Abstract

85. Kaley TJ, Wen P, Schiff D, et al. Phase II trial of sunitinib for recurrent and progressive atypical and anaplastic meningioma. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Jan;17(1):116-21. Abstract

86. Raheja A, Colman H, Palmer CA, et al. Dramatic radiographic response resulting in cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea associated with sunitinib therapy in recurrent atypical meningioma: case report. J Neurosurg. 2017 Nov;127(5):965-70. Abstract

87. Raizer JJ, Grimm SA, Rademaker A, et al. A phase II trial of PTK787/ZK 222584 in recurrent or progressive radiation and surgery refractory meningiomas. J Neurooncol. 2014 Mar;117(1):93-101. Abstract

88. Sherman WJ, Raizer JJ. Chemotherapy: What is its role in meningioma? Expert Rev Neurother. 2012 Oct;12(10):1189-95; quiz 1196.Full text  Abstract

89. Chamberlain MC. Adjuvant combined modality therapy for malignant meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 1996 May;84(5):733-6. Abstract

90. Ji Y, Rankin C, Grunberg S, et al. Double-blind phase III randomized trial of the antiprogestin agent mifepristone in the treatment of unresectable meningioma: SWOG S9005. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:4093-4098. Abstract

91. Goodwin JW, Crowley J, Eyre HJ, et al. A Phase II evaluation of tamoxifen in unresectable or refractory meningiomas: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Neurooncol. 1993;15:75-77. Abstract

92. Schulz S, Pauli SU, Handel M, et al. Immunohistochemical determination of five somatostatin receptors in meningioma reveals frequent overexpression of somatostatin receptor subtype sst2A. Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6:1865-1874.Full text  Abstract

93. Schulz C, Mathieu R, Kunz U, et al. Treatment of unresectable skull base meningiomas with somatostatin analogs. Neurosurg Focus. 2011;30:E11. Abstract

94. Chamberlain MC, Glantz MJ, Fadul CE. Recurrent meningioma: salvage therapy with long-acting somatostatin analogue. Neurology. 2007;69:969-973. Abstract

95. Arena S, Barbieri F, Thellung S, et al. Expression of somatostatin receptor mRNA in human meningiomas and their implication in in vitro antiproliferative activity. J Neurooncol. 2004;66:155-166. Abstract

96. Simó M, Argyriou AA, Macià M, et al. Recurrent high-grade meningioma: a phase II trial with somatostatin analogue therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2014;73:919-923. Abstract

97. Kaba SE, DeMonte F, Bruner JM, et al. The treatment of recurrent unresectable and malignant meningiomas with interferon alpha-2B. Neurosurgery. 1997;40:271-275. Abstract

98. Koper JW, Zwarthoff EC, Hagemeijer A, et al. Inhibition of the growth of cultured human meningioma cells by recombinant interferon-alpha. Eur J Cancer. 1991;27:416-419. Abstract

99. Wober-Bingol C, Wober C, Marosi C, et al. Interferon-alfa-2b for meningioma. Lancet. 1995;345:331. Abstract

100. Chamberlain MC, Glantz MJ. Interferon-alpha for recurrent World Health Organization grade 1 intracranial meningiomas. Cancer. 2008;113:2146-2151.Full text  Abstract

101. Chamberlain MC. IFN-α for recurrent surgery- and radiation-refractory high-grade meningioma: a retrospective case series. CNS Oncol. 2013 May;2(3):227-35.Full text  Abstract

102. Ragel BT, Couldwell WT, Wurster RD, et al. Chronic suppressive therapy with calcium channel antagonists for refractory meningiomas. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23:E10.Full text  Abstract

103. Mason WP, Gentili F, Macdonald DR, et al. Stabilization of disease progression by hydroxyurea in patients with recurrent or unresectable meningioma. J Neurosurg. 2002;97:341-6. Abstract

104. Karsy M, Hoang N, Barth T, et al. Combined hydroxyurea and verapamil in the clinical treatment of refractory meningioma: human and orthotopic xenograft studies. World Neurosurg. 2016 Feb;86:210-9. Abstract

105. Mirimanoff RO, Dosoretz DE, Linggood RM, et al. Meningioma: analysis of recurrence and progression following neurosurgical resection. J Neurosurg. 1985;62:18-24. Abstract

106. Milker-Zabel S, Zabel A, Schulz-Ertner D, et al. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with benign or atypical intracranial meningioma: long-term experience and prognostic factors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;61:809-816. Abstract

107. Pettersson-Segerlind J, Orrego A, Lönn S, et al. Long-term 25-year follow-up of surgically treated parasagittal meningiomas. World Neurosurg. 2011 Dec;76(6):564-71. Abstract

108. Sanai N, Sughrue ME, Shangari G, et al. Risk profile associated with convexity meningioma resection in the modern neurosurgical era. J Neurosurg. 2010;112:913-919. Abstract

109. Diluna ML, Bulsara KR. Surgery for petroclival meningiomas: a comprehensive review of outcomes in the skull base surgery era. Skull Base. 2010;20:337-342. Abstract

110. Roth P, Pace A, Le Rhun E, et al. Neurological and vascular complications of primary and secondary brain tumours: EANO-ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for prophylaxis, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2021 Feb;32(2):171-82.Full text  Abstract

111. Greenhalgh J, Weston J, Dundar Y, et al. Antiepileptic drugs as prophylaxis for postcraniotomy seizures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Apr 28;4(4):CD007286.Full text  Abstract

112. Tremont-Lukats IW, Ratilal BO, Armstrong T, et al. Antiepileptic drugs for preventing seizures in people with brain tumors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(2):CD004424. Abstract

113. Fluss R, Kobets AJ, Inocencio JF, et al. The incidence of venous thromboembolism following surgical resection of intracranial and intraspinal meningioma. A systematic review and retrospective study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021 Feb;201:106460. Abstract

114. Sanford NN, Yeap BY, Larvie M, et al. Prospective, randomized study of radiation dose escalation with combined proton-photon therapy for benign meningiomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017 Nov 15;99(4):787-96.Full text  Abstract

115. McClelland S 3rd, Ciporen JN, Mitin T, et al. Long-term stroke risk of single-fraction photon-based stereotactic radiosurgery for meningioma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018 Oct;173:169-72. Abstract

116. Couldwell WT. Asymptomatic meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 2006;105:536-537. Abstract

117. Nguyen MP, Morshed RA, Dalle Ore CL, et al. Supervised machine learning algorithms demonstrate proliferation index correlates with long-term recurrence after complete resection of WHO grade I meningioma. J Neurosurg. 2023 Jan 1;138(1):86-94. Abstract

118. Claus EB, Black PM, Bondy ML, et al. Exogenous hormone use and meningioma risk: what do we tell our patients? Cancer. 2007;110:471-476.Full text  Abstract

119. Lall RR, Lall RR, Smith TR, et al. Delayed malignant transformation of petroclival meningioma to chondrosarcoma after stereotactic radiosurgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2014;21:1225-1228. Abstract

120. Osipov V, Ho KC, Krouwer HG, et al. Post-radiation dedifferentiation of meningioma into osteosarcoma. BMC Cancer. 2002;2:34.Full text  Abstract

121. Rogers L, Barani I, Chamberlain M, et al. Meningiomas: knowledge base, treatment outcomes, and uncertainties. A RANO review. J Neurosurg. 2015 Jan;122(1):4-23. Abstract