Atrioventricular block

References

Key articles

Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2019 Aug 20;140(8):e382-482.Full text  Abstract

Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Heart Rhythm. 2012 Oct;9(10):1737-53.Full text  Abstract

Glikson M, Nielsen JC, Kronborg MB, et al; ESC National Cardiac Societies; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 14;42(35):3427-520.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

1. Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2019 Aug 20;140(8):e382-482.Full text  Abstract

2. Cheng S, Keyes MJ, Larson MG, et al. Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval or first-degree atrioventricular block. JAMA. 2009 Jun 24;301(24):2571-7.Full text  Abstract

3. Upshaw CB Jr. Comparison of the prevalence of first-degree atrioventricular block in African-American and in Caucasian patients: an electrocardiographic study III. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004 Jun;96(6):756-60.Full text  Abstract

4. DePaula RS, Antelmi I, Vincenzi MA, et al. Cardiac arrhythmias and atrioventricular block in a cohort of asymptomatic individuals without heart disease. Cardiology. 2007;108(2):111-6. Abstract

5. Du Z, Xing L, Lin M, et al. Prevalence of first-degree atrioventricular block and the associated risk factors: a cross-sectional study in rural Northeast China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2019 Oct 7;19(1):214.Full text  Abstract

6. Kerola T, Eranti A, Aro AL, et al. Risk factors associated with atrioventricular block. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 May 3;2(5):e194176.Full text  Abstract

7. Kwok CS, Rashid M, Beynon R, et al. Prolonged PR interval, first-degree heart block and adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2016 May;102(9):672-80.Full text  Abstract

8. Kreger BE, Anderson KM, Kannel WB. Prevalence of intraventricular block in the general population: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J. 1989 Apr;117(4):903-10. Abstract

9. Smedema JP, Snoep G, van Kroonenburgh MP, et al. Cardiac involvement in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis assessed at two university medical centers in the Netherlands. Chest. 2005;128:30-5. Abstract

10. Tisdale JE, Chung MK, Campbell KB, et al. Drug-induced arrhythmias: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020 Oct 13;142(15):e214-33.Full text  Abstract

11. Deisenhofer I, Zrenner B, Yin YH, et al. Cryoablation versus radiofrequency energy for the ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (the CYRANO Study): results from a large multicenter prospective randomized trial. Circulation. 2010 Nov 30;122(22):2239-45.Full text  Abstract

12. Ali H, Furlanello F, Lupo P, et al. Clinical and electrocardiographic features of complete heart block after blunt cardiac injury: a systematic review of the literature. Heart Rhythm. 2017 Jun 3;14(10):1561-9. Abstract

13. Silici S, Atayoglu AT. Mad honey intoxication: a systematic review on the 1199 cases. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015 Nov 10;86:282-90. Abstract

14. Royer A, van Veen TA, Le Bouter S, et al. Mouse model of SCN5A-linked hereditary Lenègre's disease: age-related conduction slowing and myocardial fibrosis. Circulation. 2005 Apr 12;111(14):1738-46.Full text  Abstract

15. Baruteau AE, Pass RH, Thambo JB, et al. Congenital and childhood atrioventricular blocks: pathophysiology and contemporary management. Eur J Pediatr. 2016 Sep;175(9):1235-48.Full text  Abstract

16. Rudbeck-Resdal J, Christiansen MK, Johansen JB, et al. Aetiologies and temporal trends of atrioventricular block in young patients: a 20-year nationwide study. Europace. 2019 Nov 1;21(11):1710-6.Full text  Abstract

17. Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Heart Rhythm. 2012 Oct;9(10):1737-53.Full text  Abstract

18. Lenegre J. Etiology and pathology of bilateral bundle branch block in relation to complete heart block. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1964 Mar;6:409-44. Abstract

19. Lev M. Anatomic basis for atrioventricular block. Am J Med. 1964 Nov;37:742-8. Abstract

20. Zoob M, Smith KS. The aetiology of complete heart-block. Br Med J. 1963 Nov 9;2(5366):1149-53.Full text  Abstract

21. Glikson M, Nielsen JC, Kronborg MB, et al; ESC National Cardiac Societies; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 14;42(35):3427-520.Full text  Abstract

22. Simon AB, Steinke WE, Curry JJ. Atrioventricular block in acute myocardial infarction. Chest. 1972 Aug;62(2):156-61. Abstract

23. Ruiz-Bailén M, Pola Gallego MD, Expósito Ruiz M, et al. Atrioventricular block in unstable angina: results of the ARIAM registry [in Spanish]. Med Intensiva. 2006 Dec;30(9):432-9. Abstract

24. Hreybe H, Saba S. Location of acute myocardial infarction and associated arrhythmias and outcome. Clin Cardiol. 2009 May;32(5):274-7.Full text  Abstract

25. Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al; ACC/AHA Task Force Members. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014 Dec 23;130(25):e344-426.Full text  Abstract

26. Kandolin R, Lehtonen J, Airaksinen J, et al. Cardiac sarcoidosis: epidemiology, characteristics, and outcome over 25 years in a nationwide study. Circulation. 2015 Feb 17;131(7):624-32.Full text  Abstract

27. Chapelon-Abric C, de Zuttere D, Duhaut P, et al. Cardiac sarcoidosis: a retrospective study of 41 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2004 Nov;83(6):315-34. Abstract

28. Nordenswan HK, Lehtonen J, Ekström K, et al. Outcome of cardiac sarcoidosis presenting with high-grade atrioventricular block. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2018 Aug;11(8):e006145.Full text  Abstract

29. Salama A, Abdullah A, Nadkarni A, et al. Sarcoidosis increases the risk of complete heart block: a review from the national inpatient sample. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Mar;73(9 Suppl 1):543.Full text

30. Kandolin R, Lehtonen J, Salmenkivi K, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of giant-cell myocarditis in the era of combined immunosuppression. Circ Heart Fail. 2013 Jan;6(1):15-22.Full text  Abstract

31. Matsumoto Y, Kubo T, Tagawa H, et al. An autopsy case of the sinus of Valsalva aneurysm involved with tuberculous inflammation, leading to complete heart block. [in jpn]. Kokyu To Junkan. 1993 Sep;41(9):911-5. Abstract

32. Yang KC, Hung CC, Ho YL. Tuberculous serositis coexisting with reversible high-grade atrioventricular block. Acta Cardiol Sin.2005;21:164-8.Full text

33. Robinson ML, Kobayashi T, Higgins Y, et al. Lyme carditis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2015 Jun;29(2):255-68.Full text  Abstract

34. Puech P, Grolleau R, Buimond C. Incidence of different types of A-V block and their localization by His bundle recordings. In: Wellens HJ, Lie KI, Janse MJ, eds. The conduction system of the heart: structure, function, and clinical implications. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1976:467-84.

35. Fenton AM, Hammill SC, Rea RF, et al. Vasovagal syncope. Ann Intern Med. 2000 Nov 7;133(9):714-25. Abstract

36. Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2017 Aug 1;136(5):e60-122.Full text  Abstract

37. Moya A, Sutton R, Ammirati F, et al. The task force for the diagnosis and management of syncope of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009). Eur Heart J. 2009 Nov;30(21):2631-71.Full text  Abstract

38. Kindermann M, Hennen B, Jung J, et al. Biventricular versus conventional right ventricular stimulation for patients with standard pacing indication and left ventricular dysfunction: the Homburg Biventricular Pacing Evaluation (HOBIPACE). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006:47:1927-37.Full text  Abstract

39. Funck RC, Blanc JJ, Mueller HH, et al; BioPace Study Group. Biventricular stimulation to prevent cardiac desynchronization: rationale, design, and endpoints of the 'Biventricular Pacing for Atrioventricular Block to Prevent Cardiac Desynchronization (BioPace)' study. Europace. 2006;8:629-35.Full text  Abstract

40. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 21;42(36):3599-726.Full text  Abstract

41. Sumiyoshi M, Nakata Y, Yasuda M, et al. Changes of conductivity in patients with second- or third-degree atrioventricular block after pacemaker implantation. Jpn Circ J. 1995;59:284-91. Abstract

42. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2022 May 3;145(18):e895-1032.Full text  Abstract

43. Plotnikov AN, Shlapakova I, Szabolcs MJ, et al. Xenografted adult human mesenchymal stem cells provide a platform for sustained biological pacemaker function in canine heart. Circulation. 2007;116:706-13.Full text  Abstract

44. Farraha M, Kumar S, Chong J, et al. Gene therapy approaches to biological pacemakers. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2018 Oct 19;5(4):50.Full text  Abstract

45. Goto H, Sugiura T, Harada Y, et al. Feasibility of using the automatic generating system for quartz watches as a leadless pacemaker power source. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1999;37:377-80. Abstract

46. Lee KL, Tse HF, Echt DS, et al. Temporary leadless pacing in heart failure patients with ultrasound-mediated stimulation energy and effects on the acoustic window. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6:742-8.Full text  Abstract

47. Lee KL, Lau CP, Tse HF, et al. First human demonstration of cardiac stimulation with transcutaneous ultrasound energy delivery: implications for wireless pacing with implantable devices. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:877-83.Full text  Abstract

48. Echt DS, Cowan MW, Riley RE, et al. Feasibility and safety of a novel technology for pacing without leads. Heart Rhythm. 2006;3:1202-6. Abstract

49. Reddy VY, Exner DV, Cantillon DJ, et al; LEADLESS II Study Investigators. Percutaneous implantation of an entirely intracardiac leadless pacemaker. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1125-35.Full text  Abstract

50. Russo AM, Stainback RF, Bailey SR, et al. ACCF/HRS/AHA/ASE/HFSA/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR 2013 appropriate use criteria for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10:e11-58.Full text  Abstract

51. Gillis AM, Russo AM, Ellenbogen KA, et al. HRS/ACCF expert consensus statement on pacemaker device and mode selection. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9:1344-65.Full text  Abstract

52. Elliott PM, Anastasakis A, Borger MA, et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the task force for the diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2733-79.Full text  Abstract

53. Skinner M, Anderson J, Simms R, et al. Treatment of 100 patients with primary amyloidosis: a randomized trial of melphalan, prednisone, and colchicine versus colchicine only. Am J Med. 1996;100:290-8. Abstract

54. Santangeli P, Ferrante G, Pelargonio G, et al. Usefulness of statins in preventing atrial fibrillation in patients with permanent pacemaker: a systematic review. Europace. 2010;12:649-54. Abstract

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer