Fissured, hairy, and geographic tongue

References

Key articles

Schlager E, St Claire C, Ashack K, et al. Black hairy tongue: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017 Aug;18(4):563-9​. Abstract

Mangold AR, Torgerson RR, Rogers RS 3rd. Diseases of the tongue. Clin Dermatol. 2016 Jul-Aug;34(4):458-69. Abstract

Reference articles

1. Bouquot JE, Gundlach KKH. Odd tongues: the prevalence of common tongue lesions in 23,616 white Americans over 35 years of age. Quintessence Int. 1986;17:719-30. Abstract

2. Schlager E, St Claire C, Ashack K, et al. Black hairy tongue: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017 Aug;18(4):563-9​. Abstract

3. Jainkittivong A, Langlais RP. Geographic tongue: clinical characteristics of 188 cases. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2005; 6:123-35. Abstract

4. Mangold AR, Torgerson RR, Rogers RS 3rd. Diseases of the tongue. Clin Dermatol. 2016 Jul-Aug;34(4):458-69. Abstract

5. McCartan BE, Healy CM, McCreary CE, et al. Characteristics of patients with orofacial granulomatosis. Oral Dis. 2011;17:696-704. Abstract

6. Bouquot JE. Common oral lesions found during a mass screening examination. J Am Dent Assoc. 1986;112:50-7. Abstract

7. Avcu N, Kanli A. The prevalence of tongue lesions in 5150 Turkish dental outpatients. Oral Dis. 2003;9:188-95. Abstract

8. Darwazeh AM, Pillai K. Prevalence of tongue lesions in 1013 Jordanian dental outpatients. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993;21:323-4. Abstract

9. Farman AG. Hairy tongue (lingua villosa). J Oral Med. 1997;32:85-91. Abstract

10. Motallebnejad M, Babaee N, Sakhdari S, et al. An epidemiologic study of tongue lesions in 1901 Iranian dental outpatients. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2008;9:73-80. Abstract

11. Redman RS. Prevalence of geographic tongue, fissured tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, and hairy tongue among 3,611 Minnesota schoolchildren. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1970;30:390-5. Abstract

12. Pereira RDPL, de Oliveira JMD, Pauletto P, et al. Worldwide prevalence of geographic tongue in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2022 Oct 8 [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract

13. Gonzaga HF, Marcos EV, Santana FC, et al. HLA alleles in Brazilian patients with fissured tongue. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27:e166-70. Abstract

14. Manabe M, Lim HW, Winzer M, et al. Architectural organization of filiform papillae in normal and black hairy tongue epithelium: dissection of differentiation pathways in a complex human epithelium according to their patterns of keratin expression. Arch Dermatol. 1999;135:177-81.Full text  Abstract

15. Picciani BL, Domingos TA, Teixeira-Souza T, et al. Geographic tongue and psoriasis: clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic correlation - a literature review. An Bras Dermatol. 2016 Jul-Aug;91(4):410-21.Full text  Abstract

16. Assimakopoulos D, Patrikakos G, Fotika C, et al. Benign migratory glossitis or geographic tongue: an enigmatic oral lesion. Am J Med. 2002;113:751-5. Abstract

17. Andersson G, Vala EK, Curvall M. The influence of cigarette consumption and smoking machine yields of tar and nicotine on the nicotine uptake and oral mucosal lesions in smokers. J Oral Pathol Med. 1997;26:117-23. Abstract

18. Alioglu Z, Caylan R, Adanir M, et al. Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome: report of three cases. Neurol Sci. 2000;21:57-60. Abstract

19. Sureshbabu R, Kumari R, Ranugh S, et al. Phenotypic and dermatological manifestations in Down syndrome. Dermatol Online J. 2011;17:3.Full text  Abstract

20. Daneshpazhooh M, Nazemi TM, Bigdeloo L, et al. Mucocutaneous findings in 100 children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24:317-20. Abstract

21. Donta AN, Lampadakis J, Pilalitos P, et al. Findings from the clinical examination of the oral cavity of one hundred drug addicts [in Greek]. Hell Stomatol Chron. 1989 Apr-Jun;33(2):101-5. Abstract

22. Nisa L, Giger R. Lingua plicata. CMAJ. 2012;184:E241.Full text  Abstract

23. Byrd JA, Bruce AJ, Rogers RS III. Glossitis and other tongue disorders. Dermatol Clin. 2003;21:123-34. Abstract

24. Winzer M, Gilliar U, Ackerman AB. Hairy lesions of the oral cavity: clinical and histopathologic differentiation of hairy leukoplakia from hairy tongue. Am J Dermatopathol. 1988;10:155-9. Abstract

25. Sudarshan R, Sree Vijayabala G, Samata Y, et al. Newer classification system for fissured tongue: an epidemiological approach. J Trop Med. 2015;2015:262079.Full text  Abstract

26. Aung-Din D, Heath M, Wechter T, et al. Effectiveness of the tacrolimus swish-and-spit treatment regimen in patients with geographic tongue. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 Dec 1;154(12):1481-2.Full text  Abstract

27. Kullaa-Mikkonen A, Sorvari T. Lingua fissurata: a clinical, stereomicroscopic and histopathological study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986;15:525-33. Abstract

28. Sarti GM, Haddy RI, Schaffer D, et al. Black hairy tongue. Am Fam Physician. 1990;41:1751-5. Abstract

29. Saad I. Photobiomodulation effect of low-level laser therapy as a palliative treatment of symptomatic geographic tongue (a double-blinded randomized clinical trial). J Contemp Dent Pract. 2020 Apr 1;21(4):453-7. Abstract

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer