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Fissured, hairy, and geographic tongue

Última revisão: 15 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 15 Jun 2023

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • grooves and fissures on the dorsal tongue (fissured tongue)
  • hairy projections on the dorsal midline tongue (hairy tongue)
  • well-demarcated areas of erythema on the dorsal tongue (geographic tongue)
  • atrophic red central zone within patches (geographic tongue)
  • lesions that seem to migrate (geographic tongue)
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • halitosis (hairy tongue and fissured tongue)
  • bad taste in mouth (hairy tongue)
  • discoloration (hairy tongue and fissured tongue)
  • burning sensation (geographic tongue)
  • oral mucosal pain (hairy tongue)
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • tobacco use (hairy tongue)
  • coffee/tea consumption (hairy tongue)
  • poor oral hygiene (hairy tongue)
  • increasing age (hairy tongue and fissured tongue)
  • hyposalivation (hairy tongue)
  • Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (fissured tongue)
  • Down syndrome (fissured tongue)
  • orofacial granulomatosis (fissured tongue)
  • oxidizing mouthwash use (hairy tongue)
  • drug abuse (hairy tongue)
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • clinical diagnosis
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • tongue biopsy
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

CONTÍNUA

geographic tongue

fissured tongue

hairy tongue

Colaboradores

Autores

Konrad S. Staines, BChD, FDS RCS (Eng), SFHEA

Consultant & Honorary Professor in Oral Medicine

Bristol Dental School

University of Bristol

Bristol

UK

Declarações

KSS discloses his salary is partially-funded by the University of Bristol and Health Education England. He has also received an educational grant from the Elizabeth Wiley Foundation.

Agradecimentos

Professor Konrad S. Staines would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Aisha Sethi, the previous contributor to this topic. AS declares that she has no competing interests.

Revisores

Nuala O'Donoghue, MBBS

Consultant Dermatologist

St Mary's Hospital

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

London

UK

Declarações

NOD declares that she has no competing interests.

Issac van der Waal, DDS, PhD

Professor of Oral Pathology

Head of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology

VU University Medical Centre and Academic Centre for Dentistry

Amsterdam

The Netherlands

Declarações

IVDW declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

Schlager E, St Claire C, Ashack K, et al. Black hairy tongue: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017 Aug;18(4):563-9. Resumo

Mangold AR, Torgerson RR, Rogers RS 3rd. Diseases of the tongue. Clin Dermatol. 2016 Jul-Aug;34(4):458-69. Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.

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