Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- grooves and fissures on the dorsal tongue (fissured tongue)
- hairy projections on the dorsal midline tongue (hairy tongue)
- well-demarcated areas of erythema on the dorsal tongue (geographic tongue)
- atrophic red central zone within patches (geographic tongue)
- lesions that seem to migrate (geographic tongue)
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- halitosis (hairy tongue and fissured tongue)
- bad taste in mouth (hairy tongue)
- discoloration (hairy tongue and fissured tongue)
- burning sensation (geographic tongue)
- oral mucosal pain (hairy tongue)
Fatores de risco
- tobacco use (hairy tongue)
- coffee/tea consumption (hairy tongue)
- poor oral hygiene (hairy tongue)
- increasing age (hairy tongue and fissured tongue)
- hyposalivation (hairy tongue)
- Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (fissured tongue)
- Down syndrome (fissured tongue)
- orofacial granulomatosis (fissured tongue)
- oxidizing mouthwash use (hairy tongue)
- drug abuse (hairy tongue)
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- clinical diagnosis
Investigações a serem consideradas
- tongue biopsy
Algoritmo de tratamento
geographic tongue
fissured tongue
hairy tongue
Colaboradores
Autores
Konrad S. Staines, BChD, FDS RCS (Eng), SFHEA
Consultant & Honorary Professor in Oral Medicine
Bristol Dental School
University of Bristol
Bristol
UK
Declarações
KSS discloses his salary is partially-funded by the University of Bristol and Health Education England. He has also received an educational grant from the Elizabeth Wiley Foundation.
Agradecimentos
Professor Konrad S. Staines would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Aisha Sethi, the previous contributor to this topic. AS declares that she has no competing interests.
Revisores
Nuala O'Donoghue, MBBS
Consultant Dermatologist
St Mary's Hospital
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
London
UK
Declarações
NOD declares that she has no competing interests.
Issac van der Waal, DDS, PhD
Professor of Oral Pathology
Head of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology
VU University Medical Centre and Academic Centre for Dentistry
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Declarações
IVDW declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referências
Principais artigos
Schlager E, St Claire C, Ashack K, et al. Black hairy tongue: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017 Aug;18(4):563-9. Resumo
Mangold AR, Torgerson RR, Rogers RS 3rd. Diseases of the tongue. Clin Dermatol. 2016 Jul-Aug;34(4):458-69. Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Oral hairy leukoplakia (hairy tongue)
- Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis (hairy/geographic tongue)
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