Sudden infant death syndrome

Moon RY, Carlin RF, Hand I, et al. Sleep-related infant deaths: updated 2022 recommendations for reducing infant deaths in the sleep environment. Pediatrics. 2022 Jul 1;150(1):e2022057990.Full text  Abstract

Moon RY, Carlin RF, Hand I, et al. Evidence base for 2022 updated recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment to reduce the risk of sleep-related infant deaths. Pediatrics. 2022 Jul 1;150(1):e202205799.Full text  Abstract

The Lullaby Trust. Evidence base. Mar 2019 [internet publication].Full text

Rosen R, Vandenplas Y, Singendonk M, et al. Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Mar;66(3):516-54.Full text  Abstract

UNICEF UK. The Baby Friendly Initiative.​Full text

Palusci VJ, Council on Child Abuse and Neglect, Kay AJ, et al. Identifying child abuse fatalities during infancy. Pediatrics. 2019 Sep;144(3):e20192076.Full text  Abstract

1. Beckwith JB. Discussion of terminology and definition of the sudden infant death syndrome. In: Bergman AB, Beckwith JB, Ray CG, eds. Sudden infant death syndrome: proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Causes of Sudden Death in Infants. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press; 1970:14-22.

2. Willinger M, James LS, Catz C. Defining the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): deliberations of an expert panel convened by the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development. Pediatr Pathol. 1991;11:677-84. Abstract

3. Moon RY, Carlin RF, Hand I, et al. Sleep-related infant deaths: updated 2022 recommendations for reducing infant deaths in the sleep environment. Pediatrics. 2022 Jul 1;150(1):e2022057990.Full text  Abstract

4. Krous HF, Beckwith JB, Byard RW, et al. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and unclassified sudden infant death (USID): a definitional and diagnostic approach. Pediatrics. 2004 Jul;114(1):234-8. Abstract

5. Bajanowski T, Vege A, Byard RW, et al. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - standardised investigations and classification: recommendations. Forensic Sci Int. 2007 Jan 17;165(2-3):129-43. Abstract

6. Ely DM, Driscoll AK. Infant mortality in the United States, 2019: data from the period linked birth/infant death file. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2021 Dec;70(14):1-18.Full text  Abstract

7. Moon RY, Carlin RF, Hand I, et al. Evidence base for 2022 updated recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment to reduce the risk of sleep-related infant deaths. Pediatrics. 2022 Jul 1;150(1):e202205799.Full text  Abstract

8. Taylor BJ, Garstang J, Engelberts A, et al. International comparison of sudden unexpected death in infancy rates using a newly proposed set of cause-of-death codes. Arch Dis Child. 2015 Nov;100(11):1018-23. Abstract

9. Carpenter RG, Irgens LM, Blair PS, et al. Sudden unexplained infant death in 20 regions in Europe: case control study. Lancet. 2004 Jan 17;363(9404):185-91. Abstract

10. Mathews TJ, MacDorman MF, Thoma ME. Infant mortality statistics from the 2013 period linked birth/infant death data set. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2015 Aug 6;64(9):1-30.Full text  Abstract

11. Panaretto KS, Whitehall JS, McBride G, et al. Sudden infant death syndrome in indigenous and non-indigenous infants in Northern Queensland, 1990-1998. J Paediatr Child Health. 2002 Apr;38(2):135-9. Abstract

12. Gilbert R, Rudd P, Berry PJ, et al. Combined effect of infection and heavy wrapping on the risk of sudden unexplained infant death. Arch Dis Child. 1992 Feb;67(2):171-7.Full text  Abstract

13. The Lullaby Trust. Evidence base. Mar 2019 [internet publication].Full text

14. Psaila K, Foster JP, Pulbrook N, et al. Infant pacifiers for reduction in risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 5;(4):CD011147.Full text  Abstract

15. Das RR, Sankar MJ, Agarwal R. Bed sharing versus no bed sharing for healthy term neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 8;4(4):CD012866.Full text  Abstract

16. Ackerman MJ, Tester DJ, Jones G, et al. Ethnic differences in cardiac potassium channel variants: implications for genetic susceptibility to sudden cardiac death and genetic testing for long QT syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Dec;78(12):1479-87. Abstract

17. Tester DJ, Ackerman MJ. Sudden infant death syndrome: how significant are the cardiac channelopathies? Cardiovasc Res. 2005 Aug 15;67(3):388-96.Full text  Abstract

18. Narita N, Narita M, Takashima S, et al. Serotonin transporter gene variation is a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome in the Japanese population. Pediatrics. 2001 Apr;107(4):690-2. Abstract

19. Weese-Mayer DE, Berry-Kravis EM, Zhou L, et al. Sudden infant death syndrome: association with a promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene. Am J Med Genet A. 2003 Mar 15;117A(3):268-74. Abstract

20. Weese-Mayer DE, Zhou L, Berry-Kravis EM, et al. Association of the serotonin transporter gene with sudden infant death syndrome: a haplotype analysis. Am J Med Genet A. 2003 Oct 15;122A(3):238-45. Abstract

21. Weese-Mayer DE, Berry-Kravis EM, Zhou L, et al. Sudden infant death syndrome: case-control frequency differences at genes pertinent to early autonomic nervous system embryologic development. Pediatr Res. 2004 Sep;56(3):391-5.Full text  Abstract

22. Korachi M, Pravica V, Barson AJ, et al. Interleukin 10 genotype as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome: determination of IL-10 genotype from wax-embedded postmortem samples. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2004 Sep 1;42(1):125-9. Abstract

23. Blackwell CC, Moscovis SM, Gorden AE, et al. Cytokine responses and sudden infant death syndrome: genetic, developmental, and environmental risk factors. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Dec;78(6):1242-54. Abstract

24. Filiano JJ, Kinney HC. A perspective on neuropathologic findings in victims of the sudden infant death syndrome: the triple-risk model. Biol Neonate. 1994;65(3-4):194-7. Abstract

25. Hunt CE. The cardiorespiratory control hypothesis for sudden infant death syndrome. Clin Perinatol. 1992 Dec;19(4):757-71. Abstract

26. Sridhar S, Thach BT, Kelly DH, et al. Characterization of successful and failed autoresuscitation in human infants, including those dying of SIDS. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003 Aug;36(2):113-22. Abstract

27. Panigrahy A, Filiano J, Sleeper LA, et al. Decreased serotonergic receptor binding in rhombic lip-derived regions of the medulla oblongata in the sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2000 May;59(5):377-84. Abstract

28. Ozawa Y, Takashima S. Developmental neurotransmitter pathology in the brainstem of sudden infant death syndrome: a review and sleep position. Forensic Sci Int. 2002 Sep 14;130 (Suppl):S53-9. Abstract

29. Machaalani R, Say M, Waters KA. Serotoninergic receptor 1A in the sudden infant death syndrome brainstem medulla and associations with clinical risk factors. Acta Neuropathol. 2009 Mar;117(3):257-65. Abstract

30. Kinney HC, Randall LL, Sleeper LA, et al. Serotonergic brainstem abnormalities in Northern Plains Indians with the sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2003 Nov;62(11):1178-91. Abstract

31. Sawagachi T, Franco P, Kadhim H, et al. Clinicopathological correlation between brainstem gliosis using GFAP as a marker and sleep apnea in the sudden infant death syndrome. Early Hum Dev. 2003 Dec;75 (Suppl):S3-11. Abstract

32. Kinney HC, Burger P, Harrell FE, et al. Reactive gliosis in the medulla oblongata of victims of the sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics. 1983 Aug;72(2):181-7. Abstract

33. Sawaguchi T, Franco P, Kadhim H, et al. The correlation between serotonergic neurons in the brainstem and sleep apnea in SIDS victims. Early Hum Dev. 2003 Dec;75 (Suppl):S31-40. Abstract

34. Biondo B, Magagnin S, Bruni B, et al. Glial and neuronal alterations in the nucleus tractus solitarii of sudden infant death syndrome victims. Acta Neuropathol. 2004 Oct;108(4):309-18. Abstract

35. Moon RY, Horne RS, Hauck FR. Sudden infant death syndrome. Lancet. 2007 Nov 3;370(9598):1578-87. Abstract

36. Mitchell EA. What is the mechanism of SIDS? Clues from epidemiology. Dev Psychobiol. 2009 Apr;51(3):215-22. Abstract

37. Søvik S, Lossius K, Walløe L. Heart rate response to transient chemoreceptor stimulation in term infants is modified by exposure to maternal smoking. Pediatr Res. 2001 Apr;49(4):558-65. Abstract

38. Chang AB, Wilson SJ, Masters IB, et al. Altered arousal response in infants exposed to cigarette smoke. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Jan;88(1):30-3.Full text  Abstract

39. Mitchell EA, Tuohy PG, Brunt JM, et al. Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome following the prevention campaign in New Zealand: a prospective study. Pediatrics. 1997 Nov;100(5):835-40. Abstract

40. Blair PS, Mitchell EA, Heckstall-Smith EM, et al. Head-covering - a major modifiable risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child. 2008 Sep;93(9):778-83. Abstract

41. Kemp JS, Livne M, White DK, et al. Softness and potential to cause rebreathing: differences in bedding used by infants at high and low risk for sudden infant death syndrome. J Pediatr. 1998 Feb;132(2):234-9. Abstract

42. Kemp JS, Nelson VE, Thach BT. Physical properties of bedding that may increase risk of sudden infant death syndrome in prone-sleeping infants. Pediatr Res. 1994 Jul;36(1 Pt 1):7-11. Abstract

43. Kemp JS, Thach BT. Quantifying the potential of infant bedding to limit CO2 dispersal and factors affecting rebreathing in bedding. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1995 Feb;78(2):740-5. Abstract

44. Kemp JS. Rebreathing of exhaled gases: importance as a mechanism for the causal association between prone sleep and sudden infant death syndrome. Sleep. 1996 Dec;19(10 Suppl):S263-6. Abstract

45. Blackwell CC, Weir DM. The role of infection in sudden infant death syndrome. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1999 Aug 1;25(1-2):1-6. Abstract

46. Reichlin S. Neuroendocrine-immune interactions. N Engl J Med. 1993 Oct 21;329(17):1246-53. Abstract

47. Li DK, Petitti DB, Willinger M, et al. Infant sleeping position and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome in California, 1997-2000. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Mar 1;157(5):446-55.Full text  Abstract

48. Mitchell EA, Thach BT, Thompson JM, et al. Changing infants' sleep position increases risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999 Nov;153(11):1136-41.Full text  Abstract

49. Fleming PJ, Blair PS, Bacon C, et al. Environment of infants during sleep and risk of the sudden infant death syndrome: results of 1993-5 case-control study for confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy. BMJ. 1996 Jul 27;313(7051):191-5.Full text  Abstract

50. Waters KA, Gonzalez A, Jean C, et al. Face-straight-down and face-near-straight-down positions in healthy, prone-sleeping infants. J Pediatr. 1996 May;128(5 Pt 1):616-25. Abstract

51. Wang J, Siddicky SF, Carroll JL, et al. Infant inclined sleep product safety: a model for using biomechanics to explore safe infant product design. J Biomech. 2021 Nov 9;128:110706. Abstract

52. Colson ER, Geller NL, Heeren T, et al. Factors associated with choice of infant sleep position. Pediatrics. 2017 Sep;140(3):e20170596.Full text  Abstract

53. Oyen N, Markestad T, Skaerven R, et al. Combined effects of sleeping position and prenatal risk factors in sudden infant death syndrome: the Nordic epidemiological SIDS study. Pediatrics. 1997 Oct;100(4):613-21. Abstract

54. Rosen R, Vandenplas Y, Singendonk M, et al. Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Mar;66(3):516-54.Full text  Abstract

55. McKenna JJ, Mosko SS, Richard CA. et al. Bedsharing promotes breastfeeding. Pediatrics. 1997 Aug;100(2 Pt 1):214-9. Abstract

56. Joyner BL, Oden RP, Ajao TI, et al. Where should my baby sleep? A qualitative study of African-American infant sleep location decisions. J Natl Med Assoc. 2010 Oct;102(10):881-9. Abstract

57. Unger B, Kemp JS, Wilkins D, et al. Racial disparity and modifiable risk factors among infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly. Pediatrics. 2003 Feb;111(2):E127-31. Abstract

58. Scheers NJ, Rutherford GW, Kemp JS. Where should infants sleep? A comparison of risk for suffocation of infants sleeping in cribs, adult beds, and other sleeping locations. Pediatrics. 2003 Oct;112(4):883-9. Abstract

59. Scheers NJ, Dayton CM, Kemp JS. Sudden infant death with external airways covered: case-comparison study of 206 deaths in the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998 Jun;152(6):540-7.Full text  Abstract

60. Ostfeld BM, Perl H, Esposito L, et al. Sleep environment, positional, lifestyle, and demographic characteristics associated with bed sharing in sudden infant death syndrome cases: a population-based study. Pediatrics. 2006 Nov;118(5):2051-9. Abstract

61. Ostfeld BM, Esposito L, Perl H, et al. Concurrent risks in sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics. 2010 Mar;125(3):447-53. Abstract

62. Kemp JS, Unger B, Wilkins D, et al. Unsafe sleep practices and an analysis of bedsharing among infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly: results of a four-year, population-based, death-scene investigation study of sudden infant death syndrome and related deaths. Pediatrics. 2000 Sep;106(3):E41. Abstract

63. Drago DA, Dannenberg AL. Infant mechanical suffocation deaths in the United States, 1980-1997. Pediatrics. 1999 May;103(5):e59. Abstract

64. Tappin D, Ecob R, Stat S, et al. Bedsharing, roomsharing, and sudden infant death syndrome in Scotland; a case-control study. J Pediatr. 2005 Jul;147(1):32-7. Abstract

65. Scragg RK, Mitchell EA, Taylor BJ, et al; New Zealand Cot Death Study Group. Bed sharing, smoking, and alcohol in the sudden infant death syndrome. BMJ. 1993 Nov 20;307(6915):1312-8.Full text  Abstract

66. Blair PS, Fleming PJ, Smith IJ, et al; CESDI SUDI research group. Babies sleeping with parents: case-control study of factors influencing the risk of the sudden infant death syndrome. BMJ. 1999 Dec 4;319(7223):1457-61.Full text  Abstract

67. Arnestad M, Andersen M, Vege A, et al. Changes in the epidemiological pattern of sudden infant death syndrome in southeast Norway, 1984-1998: implications for future prevention and research. Arch Dis Child. 2001 Aug;85(2):108-15.Full text  Abstract

68. Vennemann MM, Hense HW, Bajanowski T, et al. Bed sharing and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome: can we resolve the debate? J Pediatr. 2012 Jan;160(1):44-8.Full text  Abstract

69. Hauck FR, Herman SM, Donovan M, et al. Sleep environment and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome in an urban population: the Chicago Infant Mortality Study. Pediatrics. 2003 May;111(5 Pt 2):1207-14. Abstract

70. Fu LY, Moon RY, Hauck FR. Bed sharing among black infants and sudden infant death syndrome: interactions with other known risk factors. Acad Pediatr. 2010 Nov-Dec;10(6):376-82. Abstract

71. Blair PS, Sidebotham P, Evason-Coombe C, et al. Hazardous cosleeping environments and risk factors amenable to change: case-control study of SIDS in south west England. BMJ. 2009 Oct 13;339:b3666.Full text  Abstract

72. Carpenter RG, Irgens LM, Blair PS, et al. Sudden unexplained infant death in 20 regions in Europe: case control study. Lancet. 2004 Jan 17;363(9404):185-91. Abstract

73. McGarvey C, McDonnell M, Chong A, et al. Factors relating to the infant's last sleep environment in sudden infant death syndrome in the Republic of Ireland. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Dec;88(12):1058-64.Full text  Abstract

74. McGarvey C, McDonnell M, Hamilton K, et al. An 8 year study of risk factors for SIDS: bed-sharing vs. non bed-sharing. Arch Dis Child. 2006 Apr;91(4):318-23.Full text  Abstract

75. Haglund B, Cnattingius S. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome: a population-based study. Am J Public Health. 1990 Jan;80(1):29-32.Full text  Abstract

76. MacDorman M, Cnattingius S, Hoffman HJ, et al. Sudden infant death syndrome and smoking in the United States and Sweden. Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Aug 1;146(3):249-57.Full text  Abstract

77. Alm B, Milerad J, Wennergren G, et al. A case-control of smoking and sudden infant death syndrome in the Scandinavian countries, 1992-1995. Arch Dis Child. 1998 Apr;78(4):329-34.Full text  Abstract

78. Anderson TM, Lavista Ferres JM, Ren SY, et al. Maternal smoking before and during pregnancy and the risk of sudden unexpected infant death. Pediatrics. 2019 Apr;143(4):pii: e20183325.Full text  Abstract

79. Pollack HA. Sudden infant death syndrome, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and the cost effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention. Am J Public Health. 2001 Mar;91(3):432-6.Full text  Abstract

80. Schoendorf KC, Kiely JL. Relationship of sudden infant death syndrome to maternal smoking during and after pregnancy. Pediatrics. 1992 Dec;90(6):905-8. Abstract

81. Klonoff-Cohen HS, Edelstein SL, Lefkowitz ES, et al. The effect of passive smoking and tobacco exposure through breast milk on sudden infant death syndrome. JAMA. 1995 Mar 8;273(10):795-8. Abstract

82. Vennemann MM, Bajanowski T, Brinkmann B, et al; GeSID Study Group. Does breastfeeding reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome? Pediatrics. 2009 Mar;123(3):e406-10. Abstract

83. Hauck FR, Thompson JM, Tanabe KO, et al. Breastfeeding and reduced risk of sudden infant death syndrome: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2011 Jul;128(1):103-10.Full text  Abstract

84. Hauck FR, Omojokun OO, Siadaty MS. Do pacifiers reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome? A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2005 Nov;116(5):e716-23.Full text  Abstract

85. Mitchell EA, Blair PS, L'Hoir MP. Should pacifiers be recommended to prevent sudden infant death syndrome? Pediatrics. 2006 May;117(5):1755-8. Abstract

86. Vennemann MM, Bajanowski T, Brinkmann B, et al. Sleep environment risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome: the German sudden infant death syndrome study. Pediatrics. 2009 Apr;123(4):1162-70. Abstract

87. Li DK, Willinger M, Petitti DB, et al. Use of a dummy (pacifier) during sleep and risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): population based case-control study. BMJ. 2006 Jan 7;332(7532):18-22.Full text  Abstract

88. Jenik AG, Vain NE, Gorestein AN, et al. Does the recommendation to use a pacifier influence the prevalence of breastfeeding? J Pediatr. 2009 Sep;155(3):350-4. Abstract

89. Malloy MH, Freeman DH. Birth weight- and gestational age-specific sudden infant death syndrome mortality: United States 1991 vs 1995. Pediatrics. 2000 Jun;105(6):1227-31. Abstract

90. Ramanathan R, Corwin MJ, Hunt CE, et al; the Collaborative Home Infant Monitoring Evaluation (CHIME) Study Group. Cardiorespiratory events recorded on home monitors: comparison of healthy infants with those at increased risk for SIDS. JAMA. 2001 May 2;285(17):2199-207. Abstract

91. Iyasu S, Randall LL, Welty TK, et al. Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome among Northern Plains Indians. JAMA. 2002 Dec 4;288(21):2717-23. Abstract

92. Strandberg-Larsen K, Grønboek M, Andersen AM, et al. Alcohol drinking pattern during pregnancy and risk of infant mortality. Epidemiology. 2009 Nov;20(6):884-91. Abstract

93. Scragg RK, Mitchell EA, Ford RP, et al. Maternal cannabis use in the sudden infant death syndrome. Acta Paediatr. 2001 Jan;90(1):57-60. Abstract

94. Ward SL, Bautista D, Chan L, et al. Sudden infant death syndrome in infants of substance-abusing mothers. J Pediatr. 1990 Dec;117(6):876-81. Abstract

95. James C, Klenka H, Manning D. Sudden infant death syndrome: bed sharing with mothers who smoke. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Feb;88(2):112-3.Full text  Abstract

96. Hunt CE, Hauck FR. Sudden infant death syndrome. CMAJ. 2006 Jun 20;174(13):1861-9.Full text  Abstract

97. Vennemann MM, Hoffgen M, Bajanowski T, et al. Do immunizations reduce the risk of SIDS? A meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2007 Jun 21;25(26):4875-9. Abstract

98. Bulterys MG, Greenland S, Kraus JF. Chronic fetal hypoxia and sudden infant death syndrome: interaction between maternal smoking and low hematocrit during pregnancy. Pediatrics. 1990 Oct;86(4):535-40. Abstract

99. Storm H, Nylander G, Saugstad OD. The amount of brainstem gliosis in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims correlates with maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy. Acta Paediatr. 1999 Jan;88(1):13-8. Abstract

100. Elliot J, Vullermin P, Robinson P. Maternal cigarette smoking is associated with increased inner airway wall thickness in children who die from sudden infant death syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Sep;158(3):802-6.Full text  Abstract

101. Cutz E, Perrin DG, Hackman R, et al. Maternal smoking and pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics. 1996 Oct;98(4 Pt 1):668-72. Abstract

102. Stick S. The effects of in-utero tobacco-toxin exposure on the respiratory system in children. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Oct;6(5):312-6. Abstract

103. Wisborg K, Kesmodel U, Henriksen TB, et al. A prospective study of smoking during pregnancy and SIDS. Arch Dis Child. 2000 Sep;83(3):203-6.Full text  Abstract

104. Dwyer T, Ponsonby AL, Newman NM, et al. Prospective cohort study of prone sleeping position and sudden infant death syndrome. Lancet. 1991 May 25;337(8752):1244-7. Abstract

105. Beal SM, Finch CF. An overview of retrospective case-control studies investigating the relationship between prone sleeping position and SIDS. J Paediatr Child Health. 1991 Dec;27(6):334-9. Abstract

106. Hunt L, Fleming P, Golding J; the ALSPAC Study Team. Does the supine sleeping position have any adverse effects on the child? I. Health in the first 6 months. Pediatrics. 1997 Jul;100(1):E11. Abstract

107. Hunt CE, Lesko SM, Vezina RM, et al. Infant sleep position and associated health outcomes. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 May;157(5):469-74. Abstract

108. Horsley T, Clifford T, Barrowman N, et al. Benefits and harms associated with the practice of bed sharing: A systematic review. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Mar;161(3):237-45. Abstract

109. UNICEF UK. Co-sleeping and SIDs: a guide for health professionals. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Full text

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112. UNICEF UK. The Baby Friendly Initiative.​Full text

113. Meek JY, Noble L, Section on Breastfeeding. Policy statement: breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2022 Jul 1;150(1):e2022057988.Full text  Abstract

114. Meek JY, Noble L. Technical report: breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2022 Jul 1;150(1):e2022057989.Full text  Abstract

115. Moon RY, Hauck FR, Colson ER, et al. The effect of nursing quality improvement and mobile health interventions on infant sleep practices: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017 Jul 25;318(4):351-9.Full text  Abstract

116. Corey TS, Hanzlick R, Howard J, et al. A functional approach to sudden unexplained infant deaths. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2007 Sep;28(3):271-7. Abstract

117. Jorch G, Tapiainen T, Bonhoeffer J, et al. Unexplained sudden death, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), in the first and second years of life: case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine. 2007 Aug 1;25(31):5707-16. Abstract

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119. Palusci VJ, Council on Child Abuse and Neglect, Kay AJ, et al. Identifying child abuse fatalities during infancy. Pediatrics. 2019 Sep;144(3):e20192076.Full text  Abstract

120. American Academy of Pediatrics; Hymel KP; Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, National Association of Medical Examiners. Distinguishing sudden infant death syndrome from child abuse fatalities. Pediatrics. 2006 Jul;118(1):421-7.Full text  Abstract

121. Craft AW, Hall DM. Munchausen syndrome by proxy and sudden infant death. BMJ. 2004 May 29;328(7451):1309-12.Full text  Abstract

122. Ward SL, Keens TG, Chan LS, et al. Sudden infant death syndrome in infants evaluated by apnea programs in California. Pediatrics. 1986 Apr;77(4):451-8. Abstract

123. Monod N, Plouin P, Sternberg B, et al. Are polygraphic and cardiopneumographic respiratory patterns useful tools for predicting the risk of sudden infant death syndrome? A 10-year study. Biol Neonate. 1986;50(3):147-53. Abstract

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125. Committee on Fetus and Newborn, American Academy of Pediatrics. Apnea, sudden infant death syndrome, and home monitoring. Pediatrics. 2003 Apr;111(4 Pt 1):914-7. Abstract

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128. Ward SL, Keens TG, Chan LS, et al. Sudden infant death syndrome in infants evaluated by apnea programs in California. Pediatrics. 1986 Apr;77(4):451-8. Abstract

129. Monod N, Plouin P, Sternberg B, et al. Are polygraphic and cardiopneumographic respiratory patterns useful tools for predicting the risk of sudden infant death syndrome? A 10-year study. Biol Neonate. 1986;50(3):147-53. Abstract