References
Key articles
Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord. 2013 Jun 15;28(7):863-73.Full text Abstract
Jan MM. Misdiagnosis in children with dopa-responsive dystonia. Pediatr Neurol. 2004 Oct;31(4):298-303. Abstract
Marras C, Lang A, van de Warrenburg BP, et al. Nomenclature of genetic movement disorders: Recommendations of the international Parkinson and movement disorder society task force. Mov Disord. 2016 Apr;31(4):436-57. Abstract
Balint B, Bhatia KP. Isolated and combined dystonia syndromes - an update on new genes and their phenotypes. Eur J Neurol. 2015 Apr;22(4):610-7. Abstract
Kuiper A, Eggink H, Tijssen MA, et al. Neurometabolic disorders are treatable causes of dystonia. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2016 Aug - Sep;172(8-9):455-64. Abstract
Jankovich J, Penn AS. Severe dystonia and myoglobinuria. Neurology. 1982 Oct;32(10):1195-7. Abstract
Pierro MM, Bollea L, Di Rosa G, et al. Anoxic brain injury following near-drowning in children. Rehabilitation outcome: three case reports. Brain Inj. 2005 Dec;19(13):1147-55. Abstract
Fernández-Alvarez E. Prevalence of paediatric movement disorders. In: Fernández-Alvarez E, Arzimanoglou A, Tolosa E, eds. Paediatric movement disorders. Montrouge, France: John Libbey Eurotext; 2005:1-18.
Sanger TD. Toward a definition of childhood dystonia. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2004 Dec;16(6):623-7. Abstract
Fernández-Alvarez E. Dystonia. The paediatric perspective. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Jul;17 Suppl 1:46-51. Abstract
Sanger TD, Chen D, Fehlings DL, et al. Definition and classification of hyperkinetic movements in childhood. Mov Disord. 2010 Aug 15;25(11):1538-49. Abstract
Albanese A, Barnes MP, Bhatia KP, et al. A systematic review on the diagnosis and treatment of primary (idiopathic) dystonia and dystonia plus syndromes: report of an EFNS/MDS-ES task force. Eur J Neurol. 2006 May;13(5):433-44. Abstract
Assmann B, Surtees R, Hoffmann GF. Approach to the diagnosis of neurotransmitter diseases exemplified by the differential diagnosis of childhood-onset dystonia. Ann Neurol. 2003;54 Suppl 6:S18-24. Abstract
Demirkiran M, Jankovic J. Paroxysmal dyskinesias: clinical features and classification. Ann Neurol. 1995 Oct;38(4):571-9. Abstract
Silver K, Andermannn F. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood: a study of 10 patients and results of flunarizine treatment. Neurology. 1993 Jan;43(1):36-41. Abstract
Shapiro SM, Bhutani VK, Johnson L. Hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus. Clin Perinatol. 2006 Jun;33(2):387-410. Abstract
Jinnah HA, Harris JC, Nyhan WL. The spectrum of mutations causing HPRT deficiency: an update. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1153-60. Abstract
Carrozzo R, Piemonte F, Tessa A, et al. Infantile mitochondrial disorders. Biosci Rep. 2007 Jun;27(1-3):105-12. Abstract
Gordon N. Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome). Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2002;6(5):243-7. Abstract
Goutieres F. Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. Brain Dev. 2005 Apr;27(3):201-6. Abstract
Fenichel GM. Paroxysmal disorders. In: Fenichel GM, ed. Clinical pediatric neurology - a signs and symptoms approach. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005:1-45.
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