Uterine prolapse

Winters JC, Dmochowski RR, Goldman HB, et al; American Urological Association; Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction. Urodynamic studies in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline. J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6 Suppl):2464-72. Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women: management. Jun 2019 [internet publication].Full text

Hagen S, Stark D, Glazener C, et al; POPPY Trial Collaborators. Individualised pelvic floor muscle training in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POPPY): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Mar 1;383(9919):796-806.Full text  Abstract

Continence Foundation of Australia. Guidelines for the use of support pessaries in the management of pelvic organ prolapse. Jul 2012 [internet publication].Full text

Robert M, Schulz JA, Harvey MA, et al; Urogynaecology Committee. Technical update on pessary use. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2013 Jul;35(7):664-74. Abstract

Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, et al. Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 30;(11):CD004014.Full text  Abstract

Sung VW, Rogers RG, Schaffer JI, et al; Society of Gynecologic Surgeons Systematic Review Group. Graft use in transvaginal pelvic organ prolapse repair: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Nov;112(5):1131-42. Abstract

Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, et al. Transvaginal mesh or grafts compared with native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Feb 9;(2):CD012079.Full text  Abstract

Schimpf MO, Abed H, Sanses T, et al. Graft and mesh use in transvaginal prolapse repair: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jul;128(1):81-91. Abstract

Ugianskiene A, Davila GW, Su TH, et al. FIGO review of statements on use of synthetic mesh for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019 Nov;147(2):147-55.Full text  Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Transvaginal mesh repair of anterior or posterior vaginal wall prolapse. Dec 2017 [internet publication].Full text

Brubaker L, Cundiff GW, Fine P, et al; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy with Burch colposuspension to reduce urinary stress incontinence. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 13;354(15):1557-66.Full text  Abstract

1. Boyles SH, Weber AM, Meyn L. Procedures for pelvic organ prolapse in the United States, 1979-1997. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jan;188(1):108-15. Abstract

2. Brubaker L Bump R, Jacquetin B, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, et al, eds. Incontinence: 2nd international consultation on incontinence. Plymouth, UK: Health Publication Ltd; 2002:243-65.Full text

3. Luber KM, Boero S, Choe JY. The demographics of pelvic floor disorders: current observations and future projections. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Jun;184(7):1496-501. Abstract

4. Hendrix SL, Clark A, Nygaard I, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse in the Women's Health Initiative: gravity and gravidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Jun;186(6):1160-6. Abstract

5. Thakar R, Stanton S. Management of genital prolapse. BMJ. 2002 May 25;324(7348):1258-62.Full text  Abstract

6. Hunskaar S, Burgio K, Clark A, et al. Epidemiology of urinary and fecal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, et al, eds. Incontinence: 3rd international consultation on incontinence. Paris, France: Health Publication Ltd; 2005:255-312.Full text

7. Snooks SJ, Swash M, Mathers SE, et al. Effect of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor: a 5-year follow-up. Br J Surg. 1990 Dec;77(12):1358-60. Abstract

8. Mant J, Painter R, Vessey M. Epidemiology of genital prolapse: observations from the Oxford Family Planning Association Study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997 May;104(5):579-85. Abstract

9. Lince SL, van Kempen LC, Vierhout ME, et al. A systematic review of clinical studies on hereditary factors in pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2012 Oct;23(10):1327-36.Full text  Abstract

10. DeLancey JO, Kearney R, Chou Q, et al. The appearance of levator ani muscle abnormalities in magnetic resonance images after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jan;101(1):46-53.Full text  Abstract

11. DeLancey JO. The hidden epidemic of pelvic floor dysfunction: achievable goals for improved prevention and treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 May;192(5):1488-95. Abstract

12. DeLancey JO, Morgan DM, Fenner DE, et al. Comparison of levator ani muscle defects and function in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Feb;109(2 Pt 1):295-302. Abstract

13. Mäkinen J, Söderström KO, Kiilholma P, et al. Histological changes in the vaginal connective tissue of patients with and without uterine prolapse. Arch Gynecol. 1986;239(1):17-20. Abstract

14. Moalli PA, Shand SH, Zyczynski HM, et al. Remodeling of vaginal connective tissue in patients with prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Nov;106(5 Pt 1):953-63. Abstract

15. Norton PA, Baker JE, Sharp HC, et al. Genitourinary prolapse and joint hypermobility in women. Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Feb;85(2):225-8. Abstract

16. Carley ME, Schaffer J. Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women with Marfan or Ehlers Danlos syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 May;182(5):1021-3. Abstract

17. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Urinary incontinence in women: ACOG practice bulletin no.155. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Nov;126(5):e66-81. Abstract

18. Samuelsson EC, Victor FT, Tibblin G, et al. Signs of genital prolapse in a Swedish population of women 20 to 59 years of age and possible related factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Feb;180(2 Pt 1):299-305. Abstract

19. Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, et al. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Apr;89(4):501-6. Abstract

20. Chiaffarino F, Chatenoud L, Dindelli M, et al. Reproductive factors, family history, occupation and risk of urogenital prolapse. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1999 Jan;82(1):63-7. Abstract

21. Nikolova G, Lee H, Berkovitz S, et al. Sequence variant in the laminin gamma1 (LAMC1) gene associated with familial pelvic organ prolapse. Hum Genet. 2007 Feb;120(6):847-56. Abstract

22. Weidner AC, Jamison MG, Branham V, et al. Neuropathic injury to the levator ani occurs in 1 in 4 primiparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Dec;195(6):1851-6. Abstract

23. Kobashi KC, Vasavada S, Bloschichak A, et al. Updates to surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI): AUA/SUFU guideline (2023). J Urol. 2023 Jun;209(6):1091-8.Full text  Abstract

24. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Pelvic organ prolapse: ACOG practice bulletin, number 214. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Nov;134(5):e126-42. Abstract

25. Winters JC, Dmochowski RR, Goldman HB, et al; American Urological Association; Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction. Urodynamic studies in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline. J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6 Suppl):2464-72. Abstract

26. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women: management. Jun 2019 [internet publication].Full text

27. European Association of Urology. Non-neurogenic female LUTS. Mar 2023 [internet publication].Full text

28. de Boer TA, Salvatore S, Cardozo L, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse and overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):30-9.Full text  Abstract

29. Patil A, Duckett JR. Effect of prolapse repair on voiding and bladder overactivity. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Oct;22(5):399-403. Abstract

30. Bump RC, Mattiasson A, Bo K, et al. The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Jul;175(1):10-7. Abstract

31. Baden WF, Walker T. Fundamentals, symptoms and classification. In: Baden WF, Walker T, eds. Surgical repair of vaginal defects. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott; 1992:14.

32. Hagen S, Stark D. Conservative prevention and management of pelvic organ prolapse in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Dec 7;(12):CD003882.Full text  Abstract

33. Hagen S, Stark D, Glazener C, et al; POPPY Trial Collaborators. Individualised pelvic floor muscle training in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POPPY): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Mar 1;383(9919):796-806.Full text  Abstract

34. Panman C, Wiegersma M, Kollen BJ, et al. Two-year effects and cost-effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training in mild pelvic organ prolapse: a randomised controlled trial in primary care. BJOG. 2017 Feb;124(3):511-20.Full text  Abstract

35. Fitz FF, Resende AP, Stüpp L, et al. Biofeedback for the treatment of female pelvic floor muscle dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2012 Nov;23(11):1495-516. Abstract

36. Bø K. Pelvic floor muscle training in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and sexual dysfunction. World J Urol. 2012 Aug;30(4):437-43. Abstract

37. Continence Foundation of Australia. Guidelines for the use of support pessaries in the management of pelvic organ prolapse. Jul 2012 [internet publication].Full text

38. Bugge C, Adams EJ, Gopinath D, et al Pessaries (mechanical devices) for pelvic organ prolapse in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Feb 28;(2):CD004010.Full text  Abstract

39. Robert M, Schulz JA, Harvey MA, et al; Urogynaecology Committee. Technical update on pessary use. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2013 Jul;35(7):664-74. Abstract

40. Abed H, Rahn DD, Lowenstein L, et al. Incidence and management of graft erosion, wound granulation, and dyspareunia following vaginal prolapse repair with graft materials: a systematic review. Int Urogynecol J. 2011 Jul;22(7):789-98. Abstract

41. Mahran MA, Herath RP, Sayed AT, et al. Laparoscopic management of genital prolapse. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011 May;283(5):1015-20. Abstract

42. Ganatra AM, Rozet F, Sanchez-Salas R, et al. The current status of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: a review. Eur Urol. 2009 May;55(5):1089-103. Abstract

43. Serati M, Bogani G, Sorice P, et al. Robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Eur Urol. 2014 Aug;66(2):303-18. Abstract

44. Barber MD, Brubaker L, Burgio KL, et al; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Comparison of 2 transvaginal surgical approaches and perioperative behavioral therapy for apical vaginal prolapse: the OPTIMAL randomized trial. JAMA. 2014 Mar 12;311(10):1023-34.Full text  Abstract

45. Detollenaere RJ, den Boon J, Stekelenburg J, et al. Sacrospinous hysteropexy versus vaginal hysterectomy with suspension of the uterosacral ligaments in women with uterine prolapse stage 2 or higher: multicentre randomised non-inferiority trial. BMJ. 2015 Jul 23;351:h3717.Full text  Abstract

46. Lukacz ES, Warren LK, Richter HE, et al. Quality of life and sexual function 2 years after vaginal surgery for prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jun;127(6):1071-9.Full text  Abstract

47. Nygaard IE, McCreery R, Brubaker L, et al. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy: a comprehensive review. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Oct;104(4):805-23. Abstract

48. Jia XG, Glazener C, Mowatt G, et al. Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of using mesh in surgery for uterine or vaginal vault prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2010 Nov;21(11):1413-31.Full text  Abstract

49. Lowenstein L, Baekelandt J, Paz Y, et al. Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic hysterectomy and apical suspension of the vaginal cuff to the uterosacral ligament. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2019 Sep - Oct;26(6):1015. Abstract

50. Siddiqui NY, Grimes CL, Casiano ER, et al. Mesh sacrocolpopexy compared with native tissue vaginal repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jan;125(1):44-55.Full text  Abstract

51. Cvach K, Dwyer P. Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse: abdominal and vaginal approaches. World J Urol. 2012 Aug;30(4):471-7. Abstract

52. Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, et al. Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 30;(11):CD004014.Full text  Abstract

53. Benson JT, Lucente V, McClellan E. Vaginal versus abdominal reconstructive surgery for the treatment of pelvic support defects: a prospective randomized study with long-term outcome evaluation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Dec;175(6):1418-21. Abstract

54. Sung VW, Rogers RG, Schaffer JI, et al; Society of Gynecologic Surgeons Systematic Review Group. Graft use in transvaginal pelvic organ prolapse repair: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Nov;112(5):1131-42. Abstract

55. Shah HN, Badlani GH. Mesh complications in female pelvic floor reconstructive surgery and their management: a systematic review. Indian J Urol. 2012 Apr;28(2):129-53.Full text  Abstract

56. Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, et al. Transvaginal mesh or grafts compared with native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Feb 9;(2):CD012079.Full text  Abstract

57. Schimpf MO, Abed H, Sanses T, et al. Graft and mesh use in transvaginal prolapse repair: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jul;128(1):81-91. Abstract

58. Ugianskiene A, Davila GW, Su TH, et al. FIGO review of statements on use of synthetic mesh for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019 Nov;147(2):147-55.Full text  Abstract

59. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA takes action to protect women’s health, orders manufacturers of surgical mesh intended for transvaginal repair of pelvic organ prolapse to stop selling all devices. Apr 2019 [internet publication].Full text

60. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Transvaginal mesh repair of anterior or posterior vaginal wall prolapse. Dec 2017 [internet publication].Full text

61. Wei JT, Nygaard I, Richter HE, et al; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. A midurethral sling to reduce incontinence after vaginal prolapse repair. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jun 21;366(25):2358-67.Full text  Abstract

62. Brubaker L, Cundiff GW, Fine P, et al; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy with Burch colposuspension to reduce urinary stress incontinence. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 13;354(15):1557-66.Full text  Abstract

63. Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Maher C, et al. Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 19;(8):CD013108.Full text  Abstract

64. Shull BL, Bachofen C, Coates KW, et al. A transvaginal approach to repair of apical and other associated sites of pelvic organ prolapse with uterosacral ligaments. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Dec;183(6):1365-73. Abstract

65. Margulies RU, Rogers MA, Morgan DM, et al. Outcomes of transvaginal uterosacral ligament suspension: systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Feb;202(2):124-34. Abstract

66. Visco AG, Weidner AC, Barber MD, et al. Vaginal mesh erosion after abdominal sacral colpopexy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Feb;184(3):297-302. Abstract

67. AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology Worldwide. AAGL practice report: practice guidelines on the prevention of apical prolapse at the time of benign hysterectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2014 Sep-Oct;21(5):715-22. Abstract

68. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse (Green-top Guideline No. 46). Jul 2015 [internet publication].Full text

69. Whiteside JL, Weber AM, Meyn LA, et al. Risk factors for prolapse recurrence after vaginal repair. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Nov;191(5):1533-8. Abstract

70. Culligan PJ, Murphy M, Blackwell L, et al. Long-term success of abdominal sacral colpopexy using synthetic mesh. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Dec;187(6):1473-80. Abstract

71. Imparato E, Aspesi G, Rovetta E, et al. Surgical management and prevention of vaginal vault prolapse. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1992 Sep;175(3):233-7. Abstract

72. Bensinger G, Lind L, Lesser M, et al. Abdominal sacral suspensions: analysis of complications using permanent mesh. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Dec;193(6):2094-8. Abstract

73. Barber MD, Visco AG, Weidner AC, et al. Bilateral uterosacral ligament vaginal vault suspension with site-specific endopelvic fascia defect repair for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Dec;183(6):1402-10. Abstract

74. Karram M, Goldwasser S, Kleeman S, et al. High uterosacral vaginal vault suspension with fascial reconstruction for vaginal repair of enterocele and vaginal vault prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Dec;185(6):1339-42. Abstract

75. Deffieux X, Letouzey V, Savary D, et al; French College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CNGOF). Prevention of complications related to the use of prosthetic meshes in prolapse surgery: guidelines for clinical practice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 Dec;165(2):170-80. Abstract

76. Abramov Y, Gandhi S, Goldberg RP, et al. Site-specific rectocele repair compared with standard posterior colporrhaphy. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Feb;105(2):314-8. Abstract