Restless legs syndrome

Winkelman JW, Armstrong MJ, Allen RP, et al. Practice guideline summary: treatment of restless legs syndrome in adults - report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2016 Dec 13;87(24):2585-93.Full text  Abstract

Silber MH, Buchfuhrer MJ, Earley CJ, et al. The management of restless legs syndrome: an updated algorithm. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Jul;96(7):1921-37.Full text  Abstract

Allen RP, Picchietti DL, Auerbach M, et al. Evidence-based and consensus clinical practice guidelines for the iron treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease in adults and children: an IRLSSG task force report. Sleep Med. 2018 Jan;41:27-44.Full text  Abstract

Aurora RN, Kristo DA, Bista SR, et al. The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults - an update for 2012: practice parameters with an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analyses: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. Sleep. 2012 Aug 1;35(8):1039-62.Full text  Abstract

1. Allen RP, Picchietti DL, Garcia-Borreguero D, et al; International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria - history, rationale, description, and significance. Sleep Med. 2014 Aug;15(8):860-73. Abstract

2. Winkelman JW, Armstrong MJ, Allen RP, et al. Practice guideline summary: treatment of restless legs syndrome in adults - report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2016 Dec 13;87(24):2585-93.Full text  Abstract

3. Ondo W, Jankovic J. Restless legs syndrome: clinicoetiologic correlates. Neurology. 1996 Dec;47(6):1435-41. Abstract

4. Bonati MT, Ferini-Strambi L, Aridon P, et al. Autosomal dominant restless legs syndrome maps on chromosome 14q. Brain. 2003 Jun;126(pt 6):1485-92.Full text  Abstract

5. Picchietti DL, Van Den Eeden SK, Inoue Y, et al. Achievements, challenges, and future perspectives of epidemiologic research in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Sleep Med. 2017 Mar;31:3-9. Abstract

6. Ohayon MM, O'Hara R, Vitiello MV. Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome: a synthesis of the literature. Sleep Med Rev. 2012 Aug;16(4):283-95.Full text  Abstract

7. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM international classification of sleep disorders - third edition, text revision (ICSD-3-TR). Jun 2023​ [internet publication].Full text

8. Yeh P, Walters AS, Tsuang JW. Restless legs syndrome: a comprehensive overview on its epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment. Sleep Breath. 2012 Dec;16(4):987-1007. Abstract

9. Ohayon MM, Bagai K, Roberts LW, et al. Refining duration and frequency thresholds of restless legs syndrome diagnosis criteria. Neurology. 2016 Dec 13;87(24):2546-53. Abstract

10. Allen RP, Bharmal M, Calloway M. Prevalence and disease burden of primary restless legs syndrome: results of a general population survey in the United States. Mov Disord. 2011 Jan;26(1):114-20. Abstract

11. Allen RP, Stillman P, Myers AJ. Physician-diagnosed restless legs syndrome in a large sample of primary medical care patients in western Europe: Prevalence and characteristics. Sleep Med. 2010 Jan;11(1):31-7. Abstract

12. Pantaleo NP, Hening WA, Allen RP, et al. Pregnancy accounts for most of the gender difference in prevalence of familial RLS. Sleep Med. 2010 Mar;11(3):310-3.Full text  Abstract

13. Phillips B, Young T, Finn L, et al. Epidemiology of restless legs symptoms in adults. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jul 24;160(14):2137-41.Full text  Abstract

14. Murtagh FE, Addington-Hall J, Higginson IJ. The prevalence of symptoms in end-stage renal disease: a systematic review. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2007 Jan;14(1):82-99. Abstract

15. Allen RP, Auerbach S, Bahrain H, et al. The prevalence and impact of restless legs syndrome on patients with iron deficiency anemia. Am J Hematol. 2013 Apr;88(4):261-4.Full text  Abstract

16. Giannaki CD, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Karatzaferi C, et al. Epidemiology, impact, and treatment options of restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease patients: an evidence-based review. Kidney Int. 2014 Jun;85(6):1275-82.Full text  Abstract

17. Manconi M, Govoni V, De Vito A, et al. Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy. Neurology. 2004 Sep 28;63(6):1065-9. Abstract

18. Schürks M, Bussfeld P. Multiple sclerosis and restless legs syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol. 2013 Apr;20(4):605-15. Abstract

19. Yang X, Liu B, Shen H, et al. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Sleep Med. 2018 Mar;43:40-6. Abstract

20. Garg A, Chilakamarri P, Koo BB. Diagnostic and treatment considerations in restless legs syndrome complicated by diabetic neuropathy. Curr Diab Rep. 2021 Dec 24;21(12):66. Abstract

21. Phillips B, Hening W, Britz P, et al. Prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome: results from the 2005 National Sleep Foundation Poll. Chest. 2006 Jan;129(1):76-80. Abstract

22. Allen RP, Earley CJ. Restless legs syndrome: a review of clinical and pathophysiologic features. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2001 Mar;18(2):128-47. Abstract

23. Silber MH, Buchfuhrer MJ, Earley CJ, et al. The management of restless legs syndrome: an updated algorithm. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Jul;96(7):1921-37.Full text  Abstract

24. Ondo WG, Vuong KD, Jankovic J. Exploring the relationship between Parkinson disease and restless legs syndrome. Arch Neurol. 2002 Mar;59(3):421-4.Full text  Abstract

25. Li K, Liu B, Wang F, et al. Decreased serum ferritin may be associated with increased restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease (PD): a meta-analysis for the diagnosis of RLS in PD patients. Int J Neurosci. 2019 Oct;129(10):995-1003. Abstract

26. Garcia-Borreguero D, Silber MH, Winkelman JW, et al. Guidelines for the first-line treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease, prevention and treatment of dopaminergic augmentation: a combined task force of the IRLSSG, EURLSSG, and the RLS-foundation. Sleep Med. 2016 May;21:1-11.Full text  Abstract

27. Allen RP, Picchietti DL, Auerbach M, et al. Evidence-based and consensus clinical practice guidelines for the iron treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease in adults and children: an IRLSSG task force report. Sleep Med. 2018 Jan;41:27-44.Full text  Abstract

28. Trenkwalder C, Allen R, Högl B, et al. Comorbidities, treatment, and pathophysiology in restless legs syndrome. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Nov;17(11):994-1005. Abstract

29. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Full text

30. Ferri R, Fulda S, Allen RP, et al. World Association of Sleep Medicine (WASM) 2016 standards for recording and scoring leg movements in polysomnograms developed by a joint task force from the International and the European Restless Legs Syndrome Study Groups (IRLSSG and EURLSSG). Sleep Med. 2016 Oct;26:86-95. Abstract

31. Walters AS, LeBrocq C, Dhar A, et al. Validation of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med. 2003 Mar;4(2):121-32. Abstract

32. Allen RP, Earley CJ. Validation of the Johns Hopkins restless legs severity scale. Sleep Med. 2001 May;2(3):239-42. Abstract

33. Trotti LM, Becker LA. Iron for the treatment of restless legs syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 4;(1):CD007834.Full text  Abstract

34. Harrison EG, Keating JL, Morgan PE. Non-pharmacological interventions for restless legs syndrome: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Aug;41(17):2006-14. Abstract

35. Aurora RN, Kristo DA, Bista SR, et al. The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults - an update for 2012: practice parameters with an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analyses: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. Sleep. 2012 Aug 1;35(8):1039-62.Full text  Abstract

36. de Oliveira CO, Carvalho LB, Carlos K, et al. Opioids for restless legs syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 29;(6):CD006941.Full text  Abstract

37. Silber MH, Becker PM, Buchfuhrer MJ, et al. The appropriate use of opioids in the treatment of refractory restless legs syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Jan;93(1):59-67. Abstract

38. Lal R, Ellenbogen A, Chen D, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study to assess the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of gabapentin enacarbil in subjects with restless legs syndrome. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2012 Jul-Aug;35(4):165-73. Abstract

39. Hayes WJ, Lemon MD, Farver DK. Gabapentin enacarbil for treatment of restless legs syndrome in adults. Ann Pharmacother. 2012 Feb;46(2):229-39. Abstract

40. Bogan RK, Bornemann MA, Kushida CA, et al; XP060 Study Group. Long-term maintenance treatment of restless legs syndrome with gabapentin enacarbil: a randomized controlled study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Jun;85(6):512-21.Full text  Abstract

41. Walters AS, Ondo WG, Kushida CA, et al; XP045 Study Group. Gabapentin enacarbil in restless legs syndrome: a phase 2b, 2-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009 Nov-Dec;32(6):311-20. Abstract

42. Lee DO, Ziman RB, Perkins AT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of gabapentin enacarbil in subjects with restless legs syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2011 Jun 15;7(3):282-92.Full text  Abstract

43. Talati R, Phung OJ, Mather J, et al. Effect of non-ergot dopamine agonists on health-related quality of life of patients with restless legs syndrome. Ann Pharmacother. 2009 May;43(5):813-21. Abstract

44. Baker WL, White CM, Coleman CI. Effect of nonergot dopamine agonists on symptoms of restless legs syndrome. Ann Fam Med. 2008 May-Jun;6(3):253-62.Full text  Abstract

45. Garcia-Borreguero D, Cano-Pumarega I. New concepts in the management of restless legs syndrome. BMJ. 2017 Feb 27;356:j104. Abstract

46. Picchietti DL, Hensley JG, Bainbridge JL, et al. Consensus clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease during pregnancy and lactation. Sleep Med Rev. 2015 Aug;22:64-77. Abstract

47. Garbazza C, Manconi M. Management strategies for restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease during pregnancy. Sleep Med Clin. 2018 Sep;13(3):335-48. Abstract

48. Sagheb MM, Dormanesh B, Fallahzadeh MK, et al. Efficacy of vitamins C, E, and their combination for treatment of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sleep Med. 2012 May;13(5):542-5. Abstract

49. Sauerbier A, Sivakumar C, Klingelhoefer L, et al. Restless legs syndrome - the under-recognised non-motor burden: a questionnaire-based cohort study. Postgrad Med. 2019 Sep;131(7):473-8. Abstract