Evaluation of clubbing

Last reviewed: 6 Aug 2025
Last updated: 30 Jul 2025

Summary

Diagnósticos diferenciais

comuns

  • Lung cancer
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Lung abscess
  • Empyema
  • Congenital heart disease
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis)
Detalhes completos

Incomuns

  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Asbestosis
  • Pleural mesothelioma
  • Cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
  • Pulmonary metastases
  • Atrial myxoma
  • Axillary artery aneurysm
  • Brachial arteriovenous malformations
  • Thyroid acropachy
  • Acromegaly
  • Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Disseminated chronic myeloid leukemia
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Crohn disease
  • Primary biliary cholangitis
  • Cirrhosis
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Thymus cancer
  • Lipoid pneumonia
  • Pulmonary artery sarcoma
  • Ulcerative esophagitis
  • Achalasia
  • Celiac disease
  • Tropical sprue
  • Leiomyoma of the esophagus
  • Familial clubbing
  • Pachydermoperiostosis (primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy)
  • Secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
  • Palmoplantar keratoderma
  • Pregnancy
  • Pseudoclubbing
  • Myelofibrosis
Detalhes completos

Colaboradores

Autores

Murlidhar Rajagopalan, MD
Murlidhar Rajagopalan

Senior Consultant Dermatologist and Coordinator

Apollo Hospitals

Chennai

India

Declarações

MR declares that he has no competing interests.

Robert A. Schwartz, MD, MPH, DSc (Hon), FRCP Edin, FAAD
Robert A. Schwartz

Professor & Head

Dermatology

Rutgers New Jersey Medical School

Newark

NJ

Declarações

RAS declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores

Krishna Sundar, MD, FCCP

Associate Professor (Clinical)

Department of Medicine

University of Utah

Director

Pulmonary and Critical Care Research

IHC Urban South

Utah Valley Pulmonary Clinic

UT

Declarações

KS declares that he has no competing interests.

Santhanam Lakshminarayanan, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Director

Rheumatology Fellowship

University of Connecticut Health Center

Farmington

CT

Declarações

SL declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

Sarkar M, Mahesh DM, Madabhavi I. Digital clubbing. Lung India. 2012 Oct;29(4):354-62.Texto completo  Resumo

Callemeyn J, Van Haecke P, Peetermans WE, et al. Clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: insights in diagnosis, pathophysiology, and clinical significance. Acta Clin Belg. 2016 Jun;71(3):123-30. Resumo

Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Richeldi L, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (an update) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in adults: an official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 May 1;205(9):e18-47.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.

O uso deste conteúdo está sujeito ao nosso aviso legal