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Gingivitis

Última revisão: 29 Jun 2025
Última atualização: 30 Apr 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presence of risk factors
  • bleeding on tooth brushing
  • dental plaque
  • necrosis and ulcers in free gingiva
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • halitosis
  • redness, swelling, and puffy gingiva
  • pseudomembrane formation
  • cervical lymphadenopathy
  • fever
  • malaise
  • pain
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • poor oral hygiene
  • tobacco
  • diabetes mellitus
  • pregnancy
  • severe malnutrition or marginal nutritional deficiencies
  • HIV/AIDS (in necrotising gingivitis [NG])
  • stress (in necrotising gingivitis [NG])
  • severe (viral) infections (in necrotising gingivitis [NG])
  • previous history of necrotising gingivitis (NG)
  • stress (in plaque-induced gingivitis)
  • xerostomic medicines
  • male sex
  • extreme living conditions (necrotising gingivitis [NG])
  • high alcohol intake
  • substance use
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • clinical diagnosis
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

necrotising gingivitis (NG)

non-necrotising gingivitis

Colaboradores

Autores

Giuseppina Campisi, DDS, MS

Professor of Oral Diseases

Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences

School of Dentistry

University of Palermo

Palermo

Italy

Declarações

GC declares that she has no competing interests.

Giuseppe Pizzo, DDS

Associate Professor of Periodontology and Dental Public Health

Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences

School of Dentistry

University of Palermo

Palermo

Italy

Declarações

GP declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Giuseppina Campisi and Dr Giuseppe Pizzo would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Bruce L. Pihlstrom and Dr Alice E. Curran, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

BLP and AEC declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Gary Armitage, MD

Professor

Division of Periodontology

University of California

San Francisco

CA

Declarações

GA declares that he has no competing interests.

Lynn Solomon, MD

Assistant Professor

Tufts University

Boston

MA

Declarações

LS declares that she has no competing interests.

Donald J. DeNucci, DDS, MS

Program Director

Practice Based Research Networks

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

NIH

Bethesda

MD

Declarações

DJD declares that he has no competing interests.

Stephen Porter, BSc, PhD, MD, FDSRCS, FDSRCSEd, FHEA

Institute Director

Professor of Oral Medicine

Academic Head, Oral Medicine and Special Needs Dentistry Unit

Honorary Consultant in Oral Medicine, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust

UCL Eastman Dental Institute

London

UK

Declarações

SP declares that he has no competing interests.

Marco Carrozzo, MD, DSM

Professor of Oral Medicine

School of Dental Sciences

University of Newcastle Upon Tyne

UK

Divulgaciones

None declared

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, et al. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S74-84. Resumen

Farah CS, Balasumbramaniam R, McCullough MJ. Contemporary Oral Medicine. A Comprehensive Approach to Clinical Practice. 1st ed. New York, NY: Springer International Publishing; 2019.

Public Health England (PHE). Delivering better oral health: an evidence-based toolkit for prevention. 3rd ed. London: Department of Health; 2021.Texto completo

Artículos de referencia

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