Резюме
Определение
Анамнез и осмотр
Ключевые диагностические факторы
- dyspnea
- neck vein distension
- S3 gallop
- cardiomegaly
- hepatojugular reflux
- rales
- orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- nocturia
Другие диагностические факторы
- tachycardia (heart rate >120 beats per minute)
- chest discomfort
- hepatomegaly
- ankle edema
- night cough
- signs of pleural effusion
- fatigue, muscle weakness, or tiredness
- palpitations, presyncope, or syncope
- lethargy/confusion
Факторы риска
- coronary artery disease (CAD)
- myocardial infarction (MI)
- hypertension
- diabetes mellitus
- dyslipidemia
- older age
- male sex
- obesity
- exposure to cardiotoxic agents
- left ventricular dysfunction
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- renal insufficiency
- valvular heart disease
- sleep apnea
- elevated homocysteine
- cocaine use
- family history of HF
- atrial fibrillation
- thyroid disorders
- anemia
- elevated tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-alfa) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)
- elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)
- decreased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
- elevated natriuretic peptides
- dilation of the left ventricle
- increased left ventricular mass
- abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling
- metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome
- low socioeconomic status
- tobacco consumption
- alcohol misuse
- excess sodium intake
- tachycardia
- depression/stress
- microalbuminuria
- aspirin use
- micronutrient deficiency
Диагностические исследования
Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь
- transthoracic echocardiogram
- ECG
- CXR
- B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)/N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels
- CBC
- urinalysis
- serum electrolytes (including calcium and magnesium)
- serum creatinine, BUN
- blood glucose
- LFT
- thyroid function tests (especially thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH])
- blood lipids
Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть
- serum ferritin
- transferrin saturation
- noninvasive stress imaging (cardiovascular MRI, stress echocardiogram, SPECT, PET)
- standard exercise stress testing (bicycle or treadmill)
- coronary angiogram
- cardiac CT angiography
- cardiopulmonary exercise testing with VO₂ max
- 6-minute walking test exercise
- right heart catheterization
- endomyocardial biopsy
- serum HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- cardiac MRI
- other biomarkers
- multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT)
Алгоритм лечения
symptomatic HF: LVEF ≤40%
symptomatic HF: LVEF 41% to 49%
advanced HF
Составители
Авторы
Syed Wamique Yusuf, FACC, FRCPI

Professor of Medicine
Department of Cardiology
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston
TX
Раскрытие информации
SWY declares that he has no competing interests.
Выражение благодарностей
Dr Syed Wamique Yusuf would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Andrew R.J. Mitchell, Dr Grigorios Giamouzis, Dr Sonjoy Raja Laskar, and Dr Javed Butler, the previous contributors to this topic.
Раскрытие информации
ARJM, GG, SRL, and JB declare that they have no competing interests.
Рецензенты
David Leaf, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
UCLA School of Medicine
Los Angeles
CA
Раскрытие информации
DL declares that he has no competing interests.
Brian Griffin, MD
Director
Cardiovascular Training Program
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland
OH
Раскрытие информации
BG declares that he has no competing interests.
Abdallah Al-Mohammad, MD, FRCP(Edin.), FRCP(Lond.)
Consultant Cardiologist and Heart Failure Lead
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (Northern General Hospital)
Sheffield
UK
Раскрытие информации
AAM has accepted hospitality by NOVARTIS in 2008 to attend the American College of Cardiology meeting in Chicago, and had received honoraria for delivering educational talks before 2008. AAM is the co-author of the NICE chronic heart failure partial update of the guideline in 2010, and of several related articles.
Отличия
- Aging/physical inactivity
- COPD/pulmonary fibrosis
- Pneumonia
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