Thoracic outlet syndrome

Wilbourn AJ. Thoracic outlet syndromes. Neurol Clin. 1999 Aug;17(3):477-97, vi. Abstract

Ferrante MA. The thoracic outlet syndromes. Muscle Nerve. 2012;45:780-795. Abstract

Sanders RJ, Rao NM. The forgotten pectoralis minor syndrome: 100 operations for pectoralis minor syndrome alone or accompanied by neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Ann Vasc Surg. 2010;24:701-708. Abstract

Illig KA, Doyle AJ. A comprehensive review of Paget-Schroetter syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2010;51:1538-1547.Full text  Abstract

Durham JR, Yao JS, Pearce WH, et al. Arterial injuries in the thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 1995;21:57-70.Full text  Abstract

Gil HY, Yun MJ, Kim JE, et al. Brachial plexus injury following median sternotomy. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2012;63:286-287.Full text  Abstract

1. Urschel HC Jr, Razzuk MA. Neurovascular compression in the thoracic outlet: changing management over 50 years. Ann Surg. 1998 Oct;228(4):609-17.Full text  Abstract

2. Peet RM, Hendriksen JD, Anderson TP, et al. Thoracic outlet syndrome: evaluation of the therapeutic exercise program. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin. 1956 May 2;31(9):281-7. Abstract

3. Urschel HC Jr. Anatomy of the thoracic outlet. In: Ferguson MK, Deslauriers J, eds. Thoracic surgery clinics, vol 17, no 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2007:511-520.

4. Urschel HC Jr, Patel AN. Paget-Schroetter syndrome therapy: failure of intravenous stents. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003 Jun;75(6):1693-6. Abstract

5. Wilbourn AJ. Thoracic outlet syndromes. Neurol Clin. 1999 Aug;17(3):477-97, vi. Abstract

6. Sanders RJ, Hammond SL, Rao NM. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a review. Neurologist. 2008;14:365-373. Abstract

7. Cho YJ, Lee HJ, Gong HS, et al. The radiologic relationship of the shoulder girdle to the thorax as an aid in diagnosing neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 2012;37:1187-1193. Abstract

8. Demondion X, Herbinet P, Van Sint Jan S, et al. Imaging assessment of thoracic outlet syndrome. Radiographics. 2006;26:1735-1750.Full text  Abstract

9. Ferrante MA. The thoracic outlet syndromes. Muscle Nerve. 2012;45:780-795. Abstract

10. Nichols AW. Diagnosis and management of thoracic outlet syndrome. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009;8:240-249. Abstract

11. Chang K, Graf E, Davis K, et al. Spectrum of thoracic outlet syndrome presentation in adolescents. Arch Surg. 2011;146:1383-1387.Full text  Abstract

12. Sanders RJ, Rao NM. The forgotten pectoralis minor syndrome: 100 operations for pectoralis minor syndrome alone or accompanied by neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Ann Vasc Surg. 2010;24:701-708. Abstract

13. McIntyre DI. Subcoracoid neurovascular entrapment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1975;108:27-30. Abstract

14. Illig KA, Doyle AJ. A comprehensive review of Paget-Schroetter syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2010;51:1538-1547.Full text  Abstract

15. Adams JT, DeWeese JA. "Effort" thrombosis of the axillary and subclavian veins. J Trauma. 1971;11:923-930. Abstract

16. Farrar TA, Rankin G, Chatfield M. Venous thoracic outlet syndrome: approach to diagnosis and treatment with focus on affected athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2014;13:81-85. Abstract

17. Daniels B, Michaud L, Sease F Jr, et al. Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2014;13:75-80. Abstract

18. Durham JR, Yao JS, Pearce WH, et al. Arterial injuries in the thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 1995;21:57-70.Full text  Abstract

19. Strukel RJ, Garrick JG. Thoracic outlet compression in athletes: a report of four cases. Am J Sports Med. 1978;6:35-39. Abstract

20. Caputo FJ, Wittenberg AM, Vemuri C, et al. Supraclavicular decompression for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome in adolescent and adult populations. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57:149-157. Abstract

21. Maru S, Dosluoglu H, Dryjski M, et al. Thoracic outlet syndrome in children and young adults. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009;38:560-564.Full text  Abstract

22. Jones MR, Prabhakar A, Viswanath O, et al. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Pain Ther. 2019 Jun;8(1):5-18.Full text  Abstract

23. Stewman C, Vitanzo PC Jr, Harwood MI. Neurologic thoracic outlet syndrome: summarizing a complex history and evolution. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2014;13:100-106. Abstract

24. Vanti C, Natalini L, Romeo A, et al. Conservative treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome: a review of the literature. Eura Medicophys. 2007;43:55-70. Abstract

25. Laker S, Sullivan WJ, Whitehill TA. Thoracic outlet syndrome. In: Akuthota V, Herring S, eds. Nerve and vascular injuries in sports medicine. New York, NY: Springer; 2009:113-126.

26. Abdollahi K, Wood VE. Thoracic outlet syndrome. In: DeLee J, Drez D, Miller MD, eds. DeLee and Drez’s orthopaedic sports medicine: principles and practice. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2010:1128-1137.

27. McMaster WC. Swimming injuries: an overview. Sports Med. 1996;22:332-336. Abstract

28. Roos DB. Congenital anomalies associated with thoracic outlet syndrome: anatomy, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Surg. 1976;132:771-778. Abstract

29. Foley JM, Finlayson H, Travlos A. A review of thoracic outlet syndrome and the possible role of botulinum toxin in the treatment of this syndrome. Toxins (Basel). 2012;4:1223-1235.Full text  Abstract

30. Sanders RJ, Hammond SL, Rao NM. Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46:601-604.Full text  Abstract

31. Urschel HC Jr, Patel AN. Surgery remains the most effective treatment for Paget-Schroetter syndrome: 50 years' experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86:254-260. Abstract

32. Barton NJ, Hooper G, Noble J, et al. Occupational causes of disorders in the upper limb. BMJ. 1992;304:309-311.Full text  Abstract

33. Chan KH, Gitomer SA, Perkins JN, et al. Clinical presentation of cervical ribs in the pediatric population. J Pediatr. 2013;162:635-636. Abstract

34. Juvonen T, Satta J, Laitala P, et al. Anomalies at the thoracic outlet are frequent in the general population. Am J Surg. 1995;170:33-37. Abstract

35. Natsis K, Totlis T, Didagelos M, et al. Scalenus minimus muscle: overestimated or not? An anatomical study. Am Surg. 2013;79:372-374. Abstract

36. Dubuisson A, Lamotte C, Foidart-Dessalle M, et al. Post-traumatic thoracic outlet syndrome. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012;154:517-526. Abstract

37. Dahlstrom KA, Olinger AB. Descriptive anatomy of the interscalene triangle and the costoclavicular space and their relationship to thoracic outlet syndrome: a study of 60 cadavers. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2012;35:396-401. Abstract

38. Demirbag D, Unlu E, Ozdemir F, et al. The relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings and postural maneuver and physical examination tests in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome: results of a double-blind, controlled study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88:844-851.Full text  Abstract

39. Reeser JC. Diagnosis and management of vascular injuries in the shoulder girdle of the overhead athlete. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007;6:322-327. Abstract

40. Urschel HC Jr. Thoracic outlet syndrome (with VATS and supraclavicular approach). In: Shields TW, LoCicero J 3rd, Reed CE, et al, eds. General thoracic surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

41. Sanders RJ, Jackson CG, Banchero N, et al. Scalene muscle abnormalities in traumatic thoracic outlet syndrome. Am J Surg. 1990;159:231-236. Abstract

42. Urschel HC, Kourlis H. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a 50-year experience at Baylor University Medical Center. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2007;20:125-135.Full text  Abstract

43. Levin KH, Wilbourn AJ, Maggiano HJ. Cervical rib and median sternotomy-related brachial plexopathies: a reassessment. Neurology. 1998;50:1407-1413. Abstract

44. Gil HY, Yun MJ, Kim JE, et al. Brachial plexus injury following median sternotomy. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2012;63:286-287.Full text  Abstract

45. Graham JG, Pye IF, McQueen IN. Brachial plexus injury after median sternotomy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1981;44:621-625.Full text  Abstract

46. Urschel HC Jr, Razzuk MA, Hyland JW, et al. Thoracic outlet syndrome masquerading as coronary artery disease (pseudoangina). Ann Thorac Surg. 1973;16:239-248. Abstract

47. Mackinnon SE, Dellon AL. Surgery of the peripheral nerve. New York, NY: Thieme Medical; 1988:210-214.

48. Adson AW. Cervical ribs: symptoms, differential diagnosis and indications for section of the insertion of the scalenus anticus muscle. J Int Coll Surg. 1951;16:546-559. Abstract

49. Lord JW, Rosatti LM, Netter F. Thoracic-outlet syndromes. CIBA Clinical Symposia, vol 23, no 2. Summit, NJ: Ciba Pharmaceutical Products; 1971.

50. Roos DB. Thoracic outlet nerve compression. In: Rutherford RB, ed. Vascular surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1989:858-875.

51. Butler DS. Mobilisation of the nervous system. Melbourne, Australia: Churchill Livingstone; 1991:147-160.

52. Schneider DB, Azakie A, Messina LM, et al. Management of vascular thoracic outlet syndrome. Chest Surg Clin North Am. 1999;9:781-802.

53. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: imaging in the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. http://www.acr.org/ (last accessed 29 July 2016).Full text

54. Machanic BI, Sanders RJ. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve measurements to diagnose neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Ann Vasc Surg. 2008;22:248-254. Abstract

55. Grover F, Komaki R. Superior sulcus tumors. In: Roth JA, Ruckdeschel JC, Weisenburger TH, eds. Thoracic oncology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 1995:225-238.

56. Urschel HC Jr. Pancoast’s syndrome: extended resection in the superior pulmonary sulcus. In: Sugarbaker DJ, ed. Adult chest surgery. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2009.

57. Caldwell JW, Crane CR, Krusen EM. Nerve conduction studies: an aid in the diagnosis of the thoracic outlet syndrome. South Med J. 1971;64:210-212. Abstract

58. Mackinnon S, Novak CB. Clinical commentary: pathogenesis of cumulative trauma disorder. J Hand Surg Am. 1994;19:873-883. Abstract

59. Lo CNC, Bukry SA, Alsuleman S, et al. Systematic review: the effectiveness of physical treatments on thoracic outlet syndrome in reducing clinical symptoms. Hong Kong Physiother J. 2011;29:53-63.Full text

60. Wilbourn AJ, Cherington M. Diagnosing upper plexus thoracic outlet syndrome with median motor nerve conduction studies. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67:290-292. Abstract

61. Ambrad-Chalela E, Thomas GI, Johansen KH. Recurrent neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Am J Surg. 2004;187:505-510. Abstract

62. Vemuri C, Wittenberg AM, Caputo FJ, et al. Early effectiveness of isolated pectoralis minor tenotomy in selected patients with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57:1345-1352. Abstract

63. Schneider DB, Dimuzio PJ, Martin ND, et al. Combination treatment of venous thoracic outlet syndrome: open surgical decompression and intraoperative angioplasty. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40:599-603. Abstract

64. Inahara T. Surgical treatment of "effort" thrombosis of the axillary and subclavian veins. Am Surg. 1968;34:479-483. Abstract

65. Roos DB, Owens JC. Thoracic outlet syndrome. Arch Surg. 1966;93:71-74. Abstract

66. Urschel HC Jr, Razzuk MA, Wood RE, et al. Objective diagnosis (ulnar nerve conduction velocity) and current therapy of the thoracic outlet syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg. 1971;12:608-620. Abstract

67. Rubenstein N, Greger WP. Successful streptokinase therapy for catheter-induced subclavian vein thrombosis. Arch Intern Med. 1980;140:1370-1371. Abstract

68. Sundqvist SB, Hedner U, Kullenberg HK, et al. Deep venous thrombosis of the arm: a study of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981;283:265-267.Full text  Abstract

69. Zimmerman R, Morl H, Harenberg J, et al. Urokinase therapy of subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis. Klin Wochenschr. 1981;59:851-856. Abstract

70. Taylor LM Jr, McAllister WR, Dennis DL, et al. Thrombolytic therapy followed by first rib resection for spontaneous ("effort") subclavian vein thrombosis. Am J Surg. 1985;149:644-647. Abstract

71. Urschel HC Jr. Reoperation for thoracic outlet syndrome. In: Grillo HC, Eschapasse H, eds. International trends in general thoracic surgery, vol 2. St. Louis, MO: CV Mosby; 1986.

72. Urschel HC Jr, Patel AN. Thoracic outlet syndromes. In: Sugarbaker DJ, ed. Adult chest surgery. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2009.

73. Urschel HC Jr, Razzuk MA. The failed operation for thoracic outlet syndrome: the difficulty of diagnosis and management. Ann Thorac Surg. 1986;42:523-528. Abstract

74. Urschel HC Jr, Patel AN. Reoperation for recurrent thoracic outlet syndrome through the posterior thoracoplasty approach with dorsal sympathectomy. In: Patterson GA, Pearson FG, Cooper JD, et al, eds. Pearson's thoracic and esophageal surgery. 3rd ed, vol 1. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2008:1360-1364.

75. Urschel HC Jr, Patel AN. Thoracic outlet syndrome and dorsal sympathectomy. In: Sellke F, del Nido PJ, Swanson S, eds. Sabiston & Spencer surgery of the chest. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005.

76. Fields WS, Lemak NA, Ben-Menachem Y. Thoracic outlet syndrome: review and reference to stroke in a major league pitcher. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986;146:809-814.Full text  Abstract

77. Lee TS, Hines GL. Cerebral embolic stroke and arm ischemia in a teenager with arterial thoracic outlet syndrome: a case report. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2007;41:254-257. Abstract