Blepharitis

Amescua G, Akpek EK, Farid M, et al. Blepharitis Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2019 Jan;126(1):P56-P93.Full text  Abstract

McCulley JP, Dougherty JM, Deneau DG. Classification of chronic blepharitis. Ophthalmology. 1982 Oct;89(10):1173-80. Abstract

NHS Choices. Blepharitis. May 2010 [internet publication].Full text

Mathers WD, Shields WJ, Sachdev MS, et al. Meibomian gland dysfunction in chronic blepharitis. Cornea. 1991 Jul;10(4):277-85. Abstract

Lindsley K, Matsumura S, Hatef E, Akpek EK. Interventions for chronic blepharitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16;(5):CD005556.Full text  Abstract

1. Amescua G, Akpek EK, Farid M, et al. Blepharitis Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2019 Jan;126(1):P56-P93.Full text  Abstract

2. Smith RE, Flowers CW Jr. Chronic blepharitis: a review. CLAO J. 1995 Jul;21(3):200-7. Abstract

3. McCulley JP, Dougherty JM, Deneau DG. Classification of chronic blepharitis. Ophthalmology. 1982 Oct;89(10):1173-80. Abstract

4. McCulley JP, Sciallis GF. Meibomian keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1977 Dec;84(6):788-93. Abstract

5. Stone DU, Chodosh J. Ocular rosacea: an update on pathogenesis and therapy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2004 Dec;15(6):499-502. Abstract

6. Driver PJ, Lemp MA. Meibomian gland dysfunction. Surv Ophthalmol. 1996 Mar-Apr;40(5):343-67. Abstract

7. NHS Choices. Blepharitis. May 2010 [internet publication].Full text

8. Lemp MA, Nichols KK. Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment. Ocul Surf. 2009 Apr;7(2 suppl):S1-S14.Full text  Abstract

9. Rim TH, Kang MJ, Choi M, et al. Ten-year incidence and prevalence of clinically diagnosed blepharitis in South Korea: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017 Jul;45(5):448-454.Full text  Abstract

10. IMS America. National disease and therapeutic index. Ambler, PA: IMS America, Ltd., 1984.

11. Dougherty JM, McCulley JP. Comparative bacteriology of chronic blepharitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1984 Aug;68(8):524-8.Full text  Abstract

12. Groden LR, Murphy B, Rodnite J, et al. Lid flora in blepharitis. Cornea. 1991 Jan;10(1):50-3. Abstract

13. Thygeson P. Etiology and treatment of blepharitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1946 Oct;36(4):445-77.

14. Dougherty JM, McCulley JP. Bacterial lipases and chronic blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986;27:486-491.Full text  Abstract

15. McCulley JP, Dougherty M. Bacterial aspects of chronic blepharitis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U.K. 1986;105 (Pt 3):314-8. Abstract

16. Shine WE, Silvany R, McCulley JP. Relation of cholesterol-stimulated Staphylococcus aureus growth to chronic blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993 Jun;34(7):2291-6.Full text  Abstract

17. Allen JH. Staphylococcic conjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1937;20:1025-31.

18. Thygeson P. Bacterial factors in chronic catarrhal conjunctivitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1937;18:373-87.

19. Seal D, Ficker L, Ramakrishnan M, et al. Role of staphylococcal toxin production in blepharitis. Ophthalmology. 1990 Dec;97(12):1684-8. Abstract

20. Mondino BJ, Caster AI, Dethlefs B. A rabbit model of staphylococcal blepharitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987 Mar;105(3):409-12. Abstract

21. Ficker L, Ramakrishnan M, Seal D, et al. Role of cell-mediated immunity to staphylococci in blepharitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991 Apr 15;111(4):473-9. Abstract

22. Mathers WD, Shields WJ, Sachdev MS, et al. Meibomian gland dysfunction in chronic blepharitis. Cornea. 1991 Jul;10(4):277-85. Abstract

23. Jester JV, Nicolaides N, Smith RE. Meibomian gland dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1989 May;30(5):927-35.Full text  Abstract

24. Dougherty JM, McCulley JP. Analysis of the free fatty acid component of meibomian secretions in chronic blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986 Jan;27(1):52-6.Full text  Abstract

25. Shine WE, McCulley JP. The role of cholesterol in chronic blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991 Jul;32(8):2272-80.Full text  Abstract

26. Shine WE, McCulley JP. Meibomianitis: polar lipid abnormalities. Cornea. 2004 Nov;23(8):781-3. Abstract

27. Akpek EK, Polcharoen W, Chan R, et al. Ocular surface neoplasia masquerading as chronic blepharoconjunctivitis. Cornea. 1999 May;18(3):282-8. Abstract

28. Brownstein B, Codere F, Jackson WB. Masquerade syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1980 Mar;87(3):259-62.

29. Gao YY, Di Pascuale M, Li W, et al. High prevalence of Demodex in eyelashes with cylindrical dandruff. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Sep;46(9):3089-94.Full text  Abstract

30. The College of Optometrists. Lid hygiene in the management of blepharitis. Oct 2018 [internet publication].Full text

31. Key JE. A comparative study of eyelid cleaning regimens in chronic blepharitis. CLAO J. 1996 Jul;22(3):209-12. Abstract

32. Macsai MS. The role of omega-3 dietary supplementation in blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction (an AOS thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2008;106:336-56.Full text  Abstract

33. Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study Research Group., Asbell PA, Maguire MG, et al. n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 3;378(18):1681-1690.Full text  Abstract

34. Bowman RW, Dougherty JM, McCulley JP. Chronic blepharitis and dry eyes. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1987 Spring;27(1):27-35. Abstract

35. Perry HD, Doshi-Carnevale S, Donnenfeld ED, et al. Efficacy of commercially available topical cyclosporine A 0.05% in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. Cornea. 2006 Feb;25(2):171-5. Abstract

36. Lindsley K, Matsumura S, Hatef E, Akpek EK. Interventions for chronic blepharitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16;(5):CD005556.Full text  Abstract

37. O'Gallagher M, Bunce C, Hingorani M et al. Topical treatment for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC) in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 7;2:CD011965.Full text

38. Smolin G, Okumoto M. Staphylococcal blepharitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1977 May;95(5):812-6. Abstract

39. Opitz DL, Tyler KF. Efficacy of azithromycin 1% ophthalmic solution for treatment of ocular surface disease from posterior blepharitis. Clin Exp Optom. 2011 Mar;94(2):200-6. Abstract

40. Luchs J. Efficacy of topical azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1% in the treatment of posterior blepharitis. Adv Ther. 2008 Sep;25(9):858-70. Abstract

41. Haque RM, Torkildsen GL, Brubaker K, et al. Multicenter open-label study evaluating the efficacy of azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1% on the signs and symptoms of subjects with blepharitis. Cornea. 2010 Aug;29(8):871-7. Abstract

42. Miller IM, Vogel R, Cook TJ, et al. Topically administered norfloxacin compared with topically administered gentamicin for the treatment of external ocular bacterial infections. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992 Jun 15;113(6):638-44. Abstract

43. Lamberts DW, Buka T, Knowlton GM. Clinical evaluation of trimethoprim-containing ophthalmic solutions in humans. Am J Ophthalmol. 1984 Jul 15;98(1):11-6. Abstract

44. Bloom PA, Leeming JP, Power W, et al. Topical ciprofloxacin in the treatment of blepharitis and blepharoconjunctivitis. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1994 Jan-Mar;4(1):6-12. Abstract

45. Dursun K, Kim MC, Solomon A, et al. Treatment of recalcitrant recurrent corneal erosions with inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-9, doxycycline, and corticosteroids. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Jul;132(1):8-13. Abstract

46. Gao YY, Di Pascuale MA, Elizondo A, et al. Clinical treatment of ocular demodecosis by lid scrub with tea tree oil. Cornea. 2007 Feb;26(2):136-43. Abstract

47. Savla K, Le JT, Pucker AD. Tea tree oil for Demodex blepharitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jun 20;6:CD013333.Full text  Abstract

48. Dougherty JM, McCulley JP, Silvany RE, et al. The role of tetracycline in chronic blepharitis. Inhibition of lipase production in staphylococci. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991 Oct;32(11):2970-5.Full text  Abstract

49. Cullen SI, Crounse RG. Cutaneous pharmacology of the tetracyclines. J Invest Derm. 1965 Oct;45(4):263-8. Abstract

50. Zengin N, Tol H, Gunduz K, et al. Meibomian gland dysfunction and tear film abnormalities in rosacea. Cornea. 1995 Mar;14(2):144-6. Abstract

51. Ta CN, Shine WE, McCulley JP, et al. Effects of minocycline on the ocular flora of patients with acne rosacea or seborrheic blepharitis. Cornea. 2003 Aug;22(6):545-8. Abstract

52. Shine WE, McCulley JP, Pandya AG. Minocycline effect on meibomian gland lipids in meibomianitis patients. Exp Eye Res. 2003;76;417-420. Abstract

53. Gruber GC, Callen JP. Systemic complications of commonly used dermatologic drugs. Cutis. 1978 Jun;21(6):825-9. Abstract