References
Key articles
Scully C. Clinical practice: aphthous ulceration. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 13;355(2):165-72. Abstract
Scully C, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F. The diagnosis and management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a consensus approach. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003 Feb;134(2):200-7. Abstract
Letsinger JA, McCarty MA, Jorizzo JL. Complex aphthosis: a large case series with evaluation algorithm and therapeutic ladder from topicals to thalidomide. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 Mar;52(3 Pt 1):500-8. Abstract
Liu C, Zhou Z, Liu G, et al. Efficacy and safety of dexamethasone ointment on recurrent aphthous ulceration. Am J Med. 2012 Mar;125(3):292-301. Abstract
Brocklehurst P, Tickle M, Glenny AM, et al. Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12;(9):CD005411.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
1. Scully C. Clinical practice: aphthous ulceration. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 13;355(2):165-72. Abstract
2. Scully C, Shotts R. ABC of oral health: mouth ulcers and other causes of orofacial soreness and pain. BMJ. 2000 Jul 15;321(7254):162-5.Full text Abstract
3. Scully C, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F. The diagnosis and management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a consensus approach. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003 Feb;134(2):200-7. Abstract
4. Baccaglini L, Lalla RV, Bruce AJ, et al. Urban legends: recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Dis. 2011 Nov;17(8):755-70.Full text Abstract
5. Scully C, Felix DH. Oral medicine: update for the dental practitioner - aphthous and other common ulcers. Br Dent J. 2005 Sep 10;199(5):259-64. Abstract
6. Scully C, Porter S. Oral mucosal disease: recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Apr;46(3):198-206. Abstract
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9. Shohat-Zabarski R, Kalderon S, Klein T, et al. Close association of HLA-B51 in persons with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992 Oct;74(4):455-8. Abstract
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12. Atkin PA, Xu X, Thornhill MH. Minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis and smoking: an epidemiological study measuring plasma cotinine. Oral Dis. 2002 May;8(3):173-6. Abstract
13. Jurge S, Kuffer R, Scully C, et al. Mucosal disease series. Number VI. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Dis. 2006 Jan;12(1):1-21. Abstract
14. Wray D, Ferguson MM, Mason DK, et al. Recurrent aphthae: treatment with vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron. Br Med J. 1975 May 31;2(5969):490-3.Full text Abstract
15. Olson JA, Feinberg I, Silverman S Jr, et al. Serum vitamin B12, folate, and iron levels in recurrent aphthous ulceration. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1982 Nov;54(5):517-20. Abstract
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17. McCartan BE, Lamey PJ, Wallace AM. Salivary cortisol and anxiety in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med. 1996 Aug;25(7):357-9. Abstract
18. McCullough MJ, Abdel-Hafeth S, Scully C. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis revisited: clinical features, associations, and new association with infant feeding practices? J Oral Pathol Med. 2007 Nov;36(10):615-20. Abstract
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22. Scully C, MacFadyen E, Campbell A. Oral manifestations in cyclic neutropenia. Br J Oral Surg. 1982 Jun;20(2):96-101. Abstract
23. Yazici H, Fresko I, Yurdakul S. Behcet's syndrome: disease manifestations, management, and advances in treatment. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007 Mar;3(3):148-55. Abstract
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25. Femiano F, Lanza A, Buonaiuto C, et al. Oral aphthous-like lesions, PFAPA syndrome: a review. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008 Jul;37(6):319-23. Abstract
26. Scully C, Hodgson T. Recurrent oral ulceration: aphthous-like ulcers in periodic syndromes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 Dec;106(6):845-52. Abstract
27. Rehberger A, Puspok A, Stallmeister T, et al. Crohn's disease masquerading as aphthous ulcers. Eur J Dermatol. 1998 Jun;8(4):274-6. Abstract
28. Shotts RH, Scully C, Avery CM, et al. Nicorandil-induced severe oral ulceration:a newly recognized drug reaction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999 Jun;87(6):706-7. Abstract
29. Zakrzewska JM, Robinson P, Williams IG. Severe oral ulceration in patients with HIV infection: a case series. Oral Dis. 1997 May;3(suppl 1):S194-6. Abstract
30. Femiano F, Gombos F, Scully C. Sweet's syndrome: recurrent oral ulceration, pyrexia, thrombophlebitis, and cutaneous lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003 Mar;95(3):324-7. Abstract
31. Femiano F, Gombos F, Nunziata M, et al. Pemphigus mimicking aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005 Sep;34(8):508-10. Abstract
32. Letsinger JA, McCarty MA, Jorizzo JL. Complex aphthosis: a large case series with evaluation algorithm and therapeutic ladder from topicals to thalidomide. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 Mar;52(3 Pt 1):500-8. Abstract
33. Volkov I, Rudoy I, Freud T, et al. Effectiveness of vitamin B12 in treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Board Fam Med. 2009 Jan-Feb;22(1):9-16.Full text Abstract
34. Gulcan E, Toker S, Hatipoğlu H, et al. Cyanocobalamin may be beneficial in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers even when vitamin B12 levels are normal. Am J Med Sci. 2008 Nov;336(5):379-82. Abstract
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36. Liu C, Zhou Z, Liu G, et al. Efficacy and safety of dexamethasone ointment on recurrent aphthous ulceration. Am J Med. 2012 Mar;125(3):292-301. Abstract
37. Matthews RW, Scully CM, Levers BG, et al. Clinical evaluation of benzydamine, chlorhexidine, and placebo mouthwashes in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1987 Feb;63(2):189-91. Abstract
38. Addy M, Tapper-Jones L, Seal M. Trial of astringent and antibacterial mouthwashes in the management of recurrent aphthous ulceration. Br Dent J. 1974 Jun 4;136(11):452-5. Abstract
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41. Hunter L, Addy M. Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in the management of minor aphthous ulceration: a double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over trial. Br Dent J. 1987 Feb 7;162(3):106-10. Abstract
42. Graykowski EA, Kingman A. Double-blind trial of tetracycline in recurrent aphthous ulceration. J Oral Pathol. 1978;7(6):376-82. Abstract
43. Häyrinen-Immonen R, Sorsa T, Pettila J, et al. Effect of tetracyclines on collagenase activity in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers. J Oral Pathol Med. 1994 Jul;23(6):269-72. Abstract
44. Brocklehurst P, Tickle M, Glenny AM, et al. Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12;(9):CD005411.Full text Abstract
45. Hello M, Barbarot S, Bastuji-Garin S, et al. Use of thalidomide for severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a multicenter cohort analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2010 May;89(3):176-82. Abstract
46. Taylor J, Glenny AM, Walsh T, et al. Interventions for the management of oral ulcers in Behçet's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 25;(9):CD011018.Full text Abstract
47. Revuz J, Guillaume JC, Janier M, et al. Crossover study of thalidomide vs placebo in severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Arch Dermatol. 1990 Jul;126(7):923-7. Abstract
48. Nicolau DP, West TE. Thalidomide: treatment of severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis in patients with AIDS. DICP. 1990 Nov;24(11):1054-6. Abstract
49. O'Neill ID, Scully C. Biologics in oral medicine: principles of use and practical considerations. Oral Dis. 2012 Sep;18(6):525-36.Full text Abstract
50. O'Neill ID, Scully C. Biologics in oral medicine: ulcerative disorders. Oral Dis. 2013 Jan;19(1):37-45. Abstract
51. Crighton AJ. Oral medicine in children. Br Dent J. 2017 Dec;223(9):706-12. Abstract
52. Robinson ND, Guitart J. Recalcitrant, recurrent aphthous stomatitis treated with etanercept. Arch Dermatol. 2003 Oct;139(10):1259-62.Full text Abstract
53. Vujevich J, Zirwas M. Treatment of severe, recalcitrant, major aphthous stomatitis with adalimumab. Cutis. 2005 Aug;76(2):129-32. Abstract
54. O'Neill ID. Off-label use of biologicals in the management of inflammatory oral mucosal disease. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008 Nov;37(10):575-81. Abstract
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