Age-related macular degeneration

References

Key articles

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: age-related macular degeneration. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. ​Age-related macular degeneration. Jan 2018 [internet publication].Full text

Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1417-36.Full text  Abstract

Chew EY, Sangiovanni JP, Ferris FL, et al; Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Research Group. Lutein/zeaxanthin for the treatment of age-related cataract: AREDS2 randomized trial report No. 4. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Jul;131(7):843-50.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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2. Ferris FL 3rd, Wilkinson CP, Bird A, et al; Beckman Initiative for Macular Research Classification Committee. Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2013 Apr;120(4):844-51. Abstract

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4. Suzuki M, Sato T, Spaide RF. Pseudodrusen subtypes as delineated by multimodal imaging of the fundus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 May;157(5):1005-12.Full text  Abstract

5. Deng Y, Qiao L, Du M, et al. Age-related macular degeneration: epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and targeted therapy. Genes Dis. 2022 Jan;9(1):62-79.Full text  Abstract

6. GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators, Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the global burden of disease study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Feb;9(2):e130-43.Full text  Abstract

7. GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators, Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the right to sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Feb;9(2):e144-60.Full text  Abstract

8. Wong WL, Su X, Li X, et al. Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Feb;2(2):e106-16.Full text  Abstract

9. Chakravarthy U, Wong TY, Fletcher A, et al. Clinical risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2010 Dec 13;10:31.Full text  Abstract

10. Lim LS, Mitchell P, Seddon JM, et al. Age-related macular degeneration. Lancet. 2012 May 5;379(9827):1728-38. Abstract

11. Chiu CJ, Chang ML, Zhang FF, et al. The relationship of major American dietary patterns to age-related macular degeneration.Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;158(1):118-27. Abstract

12. Ersoy L, Ristau T, Lechanteur YT, et al. Nutritional risk factors for age-related macular degeneration. Biomed Res Int. 2014 Jul;2014:413150.Full text  Abstract

13. Fritsche LG, Chen W, Schu M, et al; AMD Gene Consortium. Seven new loci associated with age-related macular degeneration. Nat Genet. 2013 Apr;45(4):433-9. Abstract

14. Perlee LT, Bansal AT, Gehrs K, et al. Inclusion of genotype with fundus phenotype improves accuracy of predicting choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy. Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2013 Sep;120(9):1880-92.Full text  Abstract

15. Anderson DH, Radeke MJ, Gallo NB, et al. The pivotal role of the complement system in aging and age-related macular degeneration: hypothesis re-visited. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010 Mar;29(2):95-112. Abstract

16. Jarrett SG, Boulton ME. Consequences of oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration. Mol Aspects Med. 2012 Aug;33(4):399-417. Abstract

17. Dunaief JL. Iron induced oxidative damage as a potential factor in age-related macular degeneration: the Cogan Lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Nov;47(11):4660-4. Abstract

18. Bhutto I, Lutty G. Understanding age-related macular degeneration (AMD): relationships between the photoreceptor/retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch's membrane/choriocapillaris complex. Mol Aspects Med. 2012 Aug;33(4):295-317.Full text  Abstract

19. Datta S, Cano M, Ebrahimi K, et al. The impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on RPE degeneration in non-neovascular AMD. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2017 Sep;60:201-18.Full text  Abstract

20. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Macular degeneration - age-related: how common is it? Aug 2022 [internet publication].Full text

21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vision and eye health surveillance system. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)​. Oct 2022 [internet publication].Full text

22. Rein DB, Wittenborn JS, Burke-Conte Z, et al. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the US in 2019. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2022 Dec 1;140(12):1202-08.Full text  Abstract

23. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: age-related macular degeneration. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Full text

24. Chua B, Flood V, Rochtchina E, et al. Dietary fatty acids and the 5-year incidence of age-related maculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Jul;124(7):981-6. Abstract

25. Chapman NA, Jacobs RJ, Braakhuis AJ. Role of diet and food intake in age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019 Jan;47(1):106-27. Abstract

26. Chew EY, Clemons TE, Agrón E, et al. Long-term outcomes of adding lutein/zeaxanthin and ω-3 fatty acids to the AREDS supplements on age-related macular degeneration progression: AREDS2 Report 28. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2022 Jul 1;140(7):692-98.Full text  Abstract

27. Chiu CJ, Klein R, Milton RC, et al. Does eating particular diets alter the risk of age-related macular degeneration in users of the age-related eye disease study supplements? Br J Ophthalmol. 2009 Sep;93(9):1241-6.Full text  Abstract

28. Prevent Blindness America. How often should I have an eye exam? 2013 [internet publication].Full text

29. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Vision screening recommendations for adults 40 to 60. Mar 2014 [internet publication].Full text

30. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. ​Age-related macular degeneration. Jan 2018 [internet publication].Full text

31. Yadav S, Parry DG, Beare NAV, et al. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a common type of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Caucasians. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017 Oct;101(10):1377-80. Abstract

32. de Carlo TE, Romano A, Waheed NK, et al. A review of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Int J Retina Vitreous. 2015 April;1:5.Full text  Abstract

33. Spaide RF, Fujimoto JG, Waheed NK, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018 May;64:1-55.Full text  Abstract

34. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1417-36.Full text  Abstract

35. US Preventative Services Task Force. Final recommendation statement - impaired visual acuity in older adults: screening. May 2022 [internet publication].Full text

36. Chou R, Bougatsos C, Jungbauer R, et al. Screening for impaired visual acuity in older adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2022 Jun 7;327(21):2129-40.Full text  Abstract

37. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: retina summary benchmarks - 2023. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Full text

38. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation. November 2020 [internet publication].Full text

39. American Optometric Association. Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guideline: comprehensive adult eye and vision examination. 2015 [internet publication].Full text

40. American Academy of Ophthalmology. ​Frequency of ocular examinations - 2015. Mar 2015 [internet publication].Full text

41. Lawrenson JG, Evans JR. Omega 3 fatty acids for preventing or slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 9;2015(4):CD010015.Full text  Abstract

42. Chew EY, Sangiovanni JP, Ferris FL, et al; Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Research Group. Lutein/zeaxanthin for the treatment of age-related cataract: AREDS2 randomized trial report No. 4. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Jul;131(7):843-50.Full text  Abstract

43. Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group. Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013 May 15;309(19):2005-15.Full text  Abstract

44. Evans JR, Lawrenson JG. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Sep 13;9(9):CD000254. Abstract

45. Evans JR, Lawrenson JG. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jul 30;(7):CD000253.Full text  Abstract

46. Mares-Perlman JA, Fisher AI, Klein R, et al. Lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet and serum and their relation to age-related maculopathy in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Mar 1;153(5):424-32.Full text  Abstract

47. Delcourt C, Cristol JP, Tessier F, et al. Age-related macular degeneration and antioxidant status in the POLA study. POLA study group. Pathologies Oculaires Liees a l'Age. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 Oct;117(10):1384-90.Full text  Abstract

48. Cho E, Stampfer MJ, Seddon JM, et al. Prospective study of zinc intake and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Ann Epidemiol. 2001 Jul;11(5):328-36. Abstract

49. van Leeuwen R, Boekhoorn S, Vingerling JR, et al. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of age-related macular degeneration. JAMA. 2005 Dec 28;294(24):3101-7.Full text  Abstract

50. Yeong JL, Loveman E, Colquitt JL, et al. Visual cycle modulators versus placebo or observation for the prevention and treatment of geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Dec 17;(12):CD013154.Full text  Abstract

51. Schmidt-Erfurth U, Chong V, Loewenstein A, et al. Guidelines for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA). Br J Ophthalmol. 2014 Sep;98(9):1144-67.Full text  Abstract

52. Heier JS, Khanani AM, Quezada Ruiz C, et al. Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab up to every 16 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (TENAYA and LUCERNE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3, non-inferiority trials. Lancet. 2022 Feb 19;399(10326):729-40. Abstract

53. Solomon SD, Lindsley K, Vedula SS, et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 4;(3):CD005139.Full text  Abstract

54. Boyer DS, Heier JS, Brown DM, et al. A Phase IIIb study to evaluate the safety of ranibizumab in subjects with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2009 Sep;116(9):1731-9. Abstract

55. Heier JS, Boyer D, Nguyen QD, et al. The 1-year results of CLEAR-IT 2, a phase 2 study of vascular endothelial growth factor trap-eye dosed as-needed after 12-week fixed dosing. Ophthalmology. 2011 Jun;118(6):1098-106. Abstract

56. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Aflibercept solution for injection for treating wet age‑related macular degeneration. July 2013 [internet publication].Full text

57. Schmidt-Erfurth U, Kaiser PK, Korobelnik JF, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: ninety-six-week results of the VIEW studies. Ophthalmology. 2014 Jan;121(1):193-201.Full text  Abstract

58. Martin DF, Maguire MG, Fine SL, et al. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jul;119(7):1388-98.Full text  Abstract

59. Chakravarthy U, Harding SP, Rogers CA, et al. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration: one-year findings from the IVAN randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jul;119(7):1399-411.

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62. Moja L, Lucenteforte E, Kwag KH, et al. Systemic safety of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 15;9(9):CD011230.Full text  Abstract

63. Writing Committee for the UK Age-Related Macular Degeneration EMR Users Group. The neovascular age-related macular degeneration database: multicenter study of 92 976 ranibizumab injections: report 1: visual acuity. Ophthalmology. 2014 May;121(5):1092-101.Full text  Abstract

64. Gupta OP, Shienbaum G, Patel AH, et al. A treat and extend regimen using ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration clinical and economic impact. Ophthalmology. 2010 Nov;117(11):2134-40. Abstract

65. Berg K, Hadzalic E, Gjertsen I, et al. Ranibizumab or bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration according to the lucentis compared to avastin study treat-and-extend protocol: two-year results. Ophthalmology. 2016 Jan;123(1):51-9.Full text  Abstract

66. Arnold JJ, Campain A, Barthelmes D. Two-year outcomes of "treat and extend" intravitreal therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2015 Jun;122(6):1212-9. Abstract

67. Gillies MC, Campain A, Barthelmes D, et al. Long-term outcomes of treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: data from an observational study. Ophthalmology. 2015 Sep;122(9):1837-45.Full text  Abstract

68. Ohji M, Takahashi K, Okada AA, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept treat-and-extend regimens in exudative age-related macular degeneration: 52- and 96-week findings from ALTAIR: a randomized controlled trial. Adv Ther. 2020 Mar;37(3):1173-87.Full text  Abstract

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71. Dugel PU, Koh A, Ogura Y, et al. HAWK and HARRIER: Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-masked trials of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2020 Jan;127(1):72-84.Full text  Abstract

72. Dugel PU, Singh RP, Koh A, et al. HAWK and HARRIER: Ninety-six-week outcomes from the phase 3 trials of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2021 Jan;128(1):89-99.Full text  Abstract

73. Monés J, Srivastava SK, Jaffe GJ, et al. Risk of Inflammation, Retinal Vasculitis, and Retinal Occlusion-Related Events with Brolucizumab: Post Hoc Review of HAWK and HARRIER. Ophthalmology. 2021 Jul;128(7):1050-9.Full text  Abstract

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77. Gragoudas ES, Adamis AP, Cunningham ET Jr., et al. Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 30;351(27):2805-16. Abstract

78. Avery RL, Pieramici DJ, Rabena MD, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2006 Mar;113(3):363-72. Abstract

79. Bashshur ZF, Bazarbachi A, Schakal A, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab for the management of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Mar;113(3):363-32. Abstract

80. Brown DM, Kaiser PK, Michels M, et al; ANCHOR Study Group. Ranibizumab versus verteporfin for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2006 Oct 5;355(14):1432-44.Full text  Abstract

81. Rosenfeld PJ, Brown DM, Heier JS, et al. Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2006 Oct 5;355(14):1419-31.Full text  Abstract

82. Zhao X, Meng L, Chen Y. Comparative efficacy and safety of different regimens of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2021 Feb 5;11(2):e040906.Full text  Abstract

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