Fungal meningitis

Johnson RH, Einstein HE. Coccidioidal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 1;42(1):103-7.全文  摘要

World Health Organization. Guidelines for diagnosing, preventing and managing cryptococcal disease among adults, adolescents and children living with HIV. June 2022 [internet publication].全文  摘要

National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Disease Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. September 2022 [internet publication].全文

Galgiani JN, Ampel NM, Blair JE, et al. 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guideline for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 15;63(6):e112-46.全文  摘要

Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1-50.全文  摘要

Johnson RH, Einstein HE. Coccidioidal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 1;42(1):103-7.全文  摘要

Patterson TF, Thompson GR 3rd, Denning DW, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 15;63(4):e1-60.全文  摘要

1. Rajasingham R, Smith RM, Park BJ, et al. Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: an updated analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Aug;17(8):873-81. 摘要

2. Kravitz GR, Davies SF, Eckman MR, et al. Chronic blastomycotic meningitis. Am J Med. 1981 Sep;71(3):501-5. 摘要

3. Harley WB, Lomis M, Haas DW. Marked polymorphonuclear pleocytosis due to blastomycotic meningitis: a case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 May;18(5):816-8. 摘要

4. Scott EN, Kaufman L, Brown AC, et al. Serologic studies in the diagnosis and management of meningitis due to Sporothrix schenckii. N Engl J Med. 1987 Oct 8;317(15):935-40. 摘要

5. Salaki JS, Louria DB, Chmel H. Fungal and yeast infections of the central nervous system. A clinical review. Medicine (Baltimore). 1984 Mar;63(2):108-32. 摘要

6. Ellner JJ, Bennett JE. Chronic meningitis. Medicine (Baltimore). 1976 Sep;55(5):341-69. 摘要

7. Gottfredsson M, Perfect JR. Fungal meningitis. Semin Neurol. 2000;20(3):307-22. 摘要

8. Kauffman CA. Histoplasmosis: a clinical and laboratory update. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007 Jan;20(1):115-32.全文  摘要

9. Wheat LJ. Histoplasmosis: a review for clinicians from non-endemic areas. Mycoses. 2006 Jul;49(4):274-82. 摘要

10. Saubolle MA, McKellar PP, Sussland D. Epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic aspects of coccidioidomycosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Jan;45(1):26-30.全文  摘要

11. Johnson RH, Einstein HE. Coccidioidal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 1;42(1):103-7.全文  摘要

12. Jenney A, Pandithage K, Fisher DA, et al. Cryptococcus infection in tropical Australia. J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Aug;42(8):3865-8.全文  摘要

13. MacDougall L, Kidd SE, Galanis E, et al. Spread of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada, and detection in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Jan;13(1):42-50.全文  摘要

14. Beale MA, Sabiiti W, Robertson EJ, et al. Genotypic diversity is associated with clinical outcome and phenotype in cryptococcal meningitis across Southern Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jun 25;9(6):e0003847.全文  摘要

15. Bicanic T, Harrison TS. Cryptococcal meningitis. Br Med Bull. 2004;72:99-118.全文  摘要

16. Mirza SA, Phelan M, Rimland D, et al. The changing epidemiology of cryptococcosis: an update from population-based active surveillance in 2 large metropolitan areas, 1992-2000. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 15;36(6):789-94.全文  摘要

17. Holmes CB, Losina E, Walensky RP, et al. Review of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-related opportunistic infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 1;36(5):652-62.全文  摘要

18. Chariyalertsak S, Sirisanthana T, Saengwonloey O, et al. Clinical presentation and risk behaviours of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Thailand, 1994-1998: regional variation and temporal trends. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Mar 15;32(6):955-62.全文  摘要

19. Jarvis JN, Bicanic T, Loyse A, et al. Determinants of mortality in a combined cohort of 501 patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: implications for improving outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Mar;58(5):736-45.全文  摘要

20. Fang W, Zhang L, Liu J, et al. Tuberculosis/cryptococcosis co-infection in China between 1965 and 2016. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2017 Aug 23;6(8):e73.全文  摘要

21. Pappas PG, Alexander BD, Andes DR, et al. Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET). Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Apr 15;50(8):1101-11.全文  摘要

22. Safdieh JE, Mead PA, Sepkowitz KA, et al. Bacterial and fungal meningitis in patients with cancer. Neurology. 2008 Mar 18;70(12):943-7. 摘要

23. Schmalzle SA, Buchwald UK, Gilliam BL, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans infection in malignancy. Mycoses. 2016 Sep;59(9):542-52. 摘要

24. MacDougall L, Fyfe M. Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in a novel environment provides clues to its incubation period. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 May;44(5):1851-2.全文  摘要

25. Hoang LM, Maguire JA, Doyle P, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans infections at Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre (1997-2002): epidemiology, microbiology and histopathology. J Med Microbiol. 2004 Sep;53(Pt 9):935-40.全文  摘要

26. Edwards LB, Acquaviva FA, Livesay VT, et al. An atlas of sensitivity to tuberculin, PPD-B, and histoplasmin in the United States. Annu Rev Respir Dis. 1969 Apr;99(4):Suppl:1-132. 摘要

27. Wheat LJ, Musial CE, Jenny-Avital E. Diagnosis and management of central nervous system histoplasmosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Mar 15;40(6):844-52.全文  摘要

28. Chiller TM, Galgani JN, Stevens DA. Coccidioidomycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2003 Mar;17(1):41-57. 摘要

29. DiCaudo DJ. Coccidioidomycosis: a review and update. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Dec;55(6):929-42. 摘要

30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coccidioidomycosis - Arizona, 1990-1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996 Dec 13;45(49):1069-73.全文  摘要

31. Ampel NM, Mosley DG, England B, et al. Coccidioidomycosis in Arizona: increase in incidence from 1990 to 1995. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Dec;27(6):1528-30. 摘要

32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increase in coccidioidomycosis - Arizona, 1998-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Feb 14;52(6):109-12.全文  摘要

33. Ampel MA. Coccidiodomycosis in persons infected with HIV type 1. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Oct 15;41(8):1174-8.全文  摘要

34. Ampel NM, Dols CL, Galgiani JN. Coccidioidomycosis during human immunodeficiency virus infection: results of a prospective study in a coccidioidal endemic area. Am J Med. 1993 Mar;94(3):235-40. 摘要

35. Olmedo Diaz I, Pallas Alonso CR, Miralles Molina M, et al. Neonatal meningitis: study of 56 cases [in Spanish]. An Esp Pediatr. 1997 Feb;46(2):189-94. 摘要

36. Buchs S. Candida meningitis: a growing threat to premature and fullterm infants. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1985 Mar-Apr;4(2):122-3. 摘要

37. Fernandez M, Moylett EH, Noyola DE, et al. Candidal meningitis in neonates: a 10-year review. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):458-63.全文  摘要

38. Lipton SA, Hickey WF, Morris JH, et al. Candidal infection in the central nervous system. Am J Med. 1984 Jan;76(1):101-8. 摘要

39. Voice RA, Bradley SF, Sangeorzan JA, et al. Chronic candidal meningitis: an uncommon manifestation of candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Jul;19(1):60-6. 摘要

40. Chiou CC, Wong TT, Lin HH, et al. Fungal infection of ventriculoperitoneal shunts in children. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Dec;19(6):1049-53. 摘要

41. Sánchez-Portocarrero J, Martin-Rabadán P, Saldaña CJ, et al. Candida cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection. Report of two new cases and review of the literature. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994 Sep;20(1):33-40. 摘要

42. Nguyen MH, Yu VL. Meningitis caused by Candida species: an emerging problem in neurosurgical patients. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Aug;21(2):323-7. 摘要

43. Kainer MA, Reagan DR, Nguyen DB, et al; Tennessee Fungal Meningitis Investigation Team. Fungal infections associated with contaminated methylprednisolone in Tennessee. N Engl J Med. 2012 Dec 6;367(23):2194-2203.全文  摘要

44. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections – case count. Oct 2015 [internet publication].全文

45. Antinori S, Corbellino M, Meroni L, et al. Aspergillus meningitis: a rare clinical manifestation of central nervous system aspergillosis - case report and review of 92 cases. J Infect. 2013 Mar;66(3):218-38. 摘要

46. Cornely OA, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arenz D, et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Dec;19(12):e405-e421. 摘要

47. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Important updates on outbreak of fungal meningitis in U.S. patients who underwent surgical procedures under epidural anesthesia in Matamoros, Mexico. June 2023 [internet publication].全文

48. Chayakulkeeree M, Perfect JR. Cryptococcosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2006 Sep;20(3):507-44. 摘要

49. Sánchez-Portocarrero J, Pérez-Cecilia E, Corral O, et al. The central nervous system and infection by Candida species. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000 Jul;37(3):169-79. 摘要

50. Eyre DW, Sheppard AE, Madder H, et al. A Candida auris outbreak and its control in an intensive care setting. N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 4;379(14):1322-31.全文  摘要

51. Taei M, Chadeganipour M, Mohammadi R. An alarming rise of non-albicans Candida species and uncommon yeasts in the clinical samples; a combination of various molecular techniques for identification of etiologic agents. BMC Res Notes. 2019 Nov 29;12(1):779.全文  摘要

52. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Multistate outbreak of fungal infection associated with injection of methylprednisolone acetate solution from a single compounding pharmacy - United States, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Oct 19;61(41):839-42. 摘要

53. Kolbe AB, McKinney AM, Kendi AT, et al. Aspergillus meningitis and discitis from low-back procedures in an immunocompetent patient. Acta Radiol. 2007 Jul;48(6):687-9. 摘要

54. Antinori S, Corbellino M, Meroni L, et al. Aspergillus meningitis: a rare clinical manifestation of central nervous system aspergillosis - case report and review of 92 cases. J Infect. 2013 Mar;66(3):218-38. 摘要

55. Harrison TS, Levitz SM. Immunology. In: Anaissie EJ, McGinnis MR, Pfaller MA, eds. Clinical mycology. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2003.

56. Garcia-Hermoso D, Janbon G, Dromer F. Epidemiological evidence for dormant Cryptococcus neoformans infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Oct;37(10):3204-9.全文  摘要

57. Casadevall A, Steenbergen JN, Nosanchuk JD. 'Ready made' virulence and 'dual use' virulence factors in pathogenic environmental fungi - the Cryptococcus neoformans paradigm. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2003 Aug;6(4):332-7. 摘要

58. McKinsey DS, Spiegel RA, Hutwagner L, et al. Prospective study of histoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: incidence, risk factors, and pathophysiology. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Jun;24(6):1195-1203. 摘要

59. van der Horst C, Saag MS, Cloud GA, et al. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jul 3;337(1):15-21.全文  摘要

60. Ghanem H, Sivasubramanian G. Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent patient after COVID-19 infection. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2021 Jun 4;2021:5597473.全文  摘要

61. Pappas PG, Perfect JR, Cloud GA, et al. Cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients in the era of effective azole therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Sep 1;33(5):690-9.全文  摘要

62. Pappas PG, Alexander BD, Andes DR, et al. Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET). Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Apr 15;50(8):1101-11.全文  摘要

63. MacDougall L, Fyfe M. Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in a novel environment provides clues to its incubation period. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 May;44(5):1851-2.全文  摘要

64. Hoang LM, Maguire JA, Doyle P, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans infections at Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre (1997-2002): epidemiology, microbiology and histopathology. J Med Microbiol. 2004 Sep;53(Pt 9):935-40.全文  摘要

65. Einstein HE, Johnson RH. Coccidioidomycosis: new aspects of epidemiology and therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 1993 Mar;16(3):349-54. 摘要

66. Crum NF, Lederman ER, Stafford CM, et al. Coccidioidomycosis: a descriptive survey of a reemerging disease. Clinical characteristics and current controversies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2004 May;83(3):149-75. 摘要

67. Batac MCR, Denning D. Serious fungal infections in the Philippines. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017 Jun;36(6):937-41.全文  摘要

68. Casado JL, Quereda C, Oliva J, et al. Candidal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: analysis of 14 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Sep;25(3):673-6. 摘要

69. Kim JJ, Li C, Ammanuel SG, et al. Candida shunt infection causing arachnoiditis and hydrocephalus: a case report. Cureus. 2022 Mar;14(3):e23675.全文  摘要

70. del Pozo MM, Bermejo F, Molina JA, et al. Chronic neutrophilic meningitis caused by Candida albicans. Neurologia. 1998 Aug-Sep;13(7):362-6. 摘要

71. World Health Organization. Guidelines for diagnosing, preventing and managing cryptococcal disease among adults, adolescents and children living with HIV. June 2022 [internet publication].全文  摘要

72. National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Disease Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. September 2022 [internet publication].全文

73. Awotiwon AA, Johnson S, Rutherford GW, et al. Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV-positive people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 29;(8):CD004773.全文  摘要

74. Galgiani JN, Ampel NM, Blair JE, et al. 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guideline for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 15;63(6):e112-46.全文  摘要

75. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1-50.全文  摘要

76. Blyth CC, Barzi F, Hale K, Isaacs D. Chemoprophylaxis of neonatal fungal infections in very low birthweight infants: efficacy and safety of fluconazole and nystatin. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Sep;48(9):846-51. 摘要

77. Müller M, Wandel S, Colebunders R, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010 Apr;10(4):251-61. 摘要

78. Thompson GR 3rd, Le T, Chindamporn A, et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of the endemic mycoses: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Dec;21(12):e364-e374. 摘要

79. Bayer AS, Edwards JE, Seidel JS, et al. Candida meningitis. Report of seven cases and review of the English literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1976 Nov;55(6):477-86. 摘要

80. Yuanije Z, Jianghan C, Nan X, et al. Cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompetent children. Mycoses. 2012 Mar;55(2):168-71. 摘要

81. Ashbee HR, Evans EG, Viviani MA, et al. Histoplasmosis in Europe: report on an epidemiological survey from the European Confederation of Medical Mycology Working Group. Med Mycol. 2008 Feb;46(1):57-65. 摘要

82. Johnson RH, Einstein HE. Coccidioidal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 1;42(1):103-7.全文  摘要

83. Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Feb 1;50(3):291-322.全文  摘要

84. Sharma P, Mukherjee A, Karunanithi S, et al. Potential role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with fungal infections. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014 Jul;203(1):180-9. 摘要

85. Longhitano A, Alipour R, Khot A, et al. The role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in assessment of complex invasive fungal disease and opportunistic co-infections in patients with acute leukemia prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. Transpl Infect Dis. 2021 Jun;23(3):e13547. 摘要

86. Chong GM, Maertens JA, Lagrou K, et al. Diagnostic performance of galactomannan antigen testing in cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Feb;54(2):428-31.全文  摘要

87. Garber S, Penar P. Treatment of indolent, nonencapsulated cryptococcal meningitis associated with hydrocephalus. Clin Pract. 2012 Jan 27;2(1):e22.全文  摘要

88. Gade L, Scheel CM, Pham CD, et al. Detection of fungal DNA in human body fluids and tissues during a multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections. Eukaryot Cell. 2013 May;12(5):677-83.全文  摘要

89. Tay E, Chen SC, Green W, et al. Development of a real-time PCR assay to identify and distinguish between Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes. J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Apr 29;8(5):462.全文  摘要

90. Davis C, Wheat LJ, Myint T, et al. Efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid beta-d-glucan diagnostic testing for fungal meningitis: a systematic review. J Clin Microbiol. 2020 Mar 25;58(4):e02094-19.全文  摘要

91. Litvintseva AP, Lindsley MD, Gade L, et al. Utility of (1-3)-beta-D-glucan testing for diagnostics and monitoring response to treatment during the multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Mar;58(5):622-30. 摘要

92. Brouwer AE, Rajanuwong A, Chierakul W, et al. Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2004 May 29;363(9423):1764-7. 摘要

93. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections: resources for laboratories. Oct 2015 [internet publication].全文

94. Steiner I, Schmutzhard E, Sellner J, et al; European Federation of Neurological Sciences; European Neurologic Society. EFNS-ENS guidelines for the use of PCR technology for the diagnosis of infections of the nervous system. Eur J Neurol. 2012 Oct;19(10):1278-91. 摘要

95. Litvintseva AP, Lindsley MD, Gade L, et al. Utility of (1-3)-beta-D-glucan testing for diagnostics and monitoring response to treatment during the multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Mar;58(5):622-30. 摘要

96. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis module 3: diagnosis - rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection. July 2021 [internet publication].全文

97. Kohli M, Schiller I, Dendukuri N, et al. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF assays for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 15;1:CD012768.全文  摘要

98. Stadelman AM, Ssebambulidde K, Buller A, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid AFB smear in adults with tuberculous meningitis: a systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2022 Jul;135:102230. 摘要

99. Patterson TF, Thompson GR 3rd, Denning DW, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 15;63(4):e1-60.全文  摘要

100. Botero Aguirre JP, Restrepo Hamid AM. Amphotericin B deoxycholate versus liposomal amphotericin B: effects on kidney function. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 23;(11):CD010481.全文  摘要

101. Day JN, Chau TT, Wolbers M, et al. Combination antifungal therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 4;368(14):1291-1302.全文  摘要

102. Saag MS, Cloud GA, Graybill JR, et al. A comparison of itraconazole versus fluconazole as maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;28(2):291-6.全文  摘要

103. Powderly WG, Saag MS, Cloud GA, et al. A controlled trial of fluconazole or amphotericin B to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1992 Mar 19;326(12):793-8. 摘要

104. Mdodo R, Moser SA, Jaoko W, et al. Antifungal susceptibilities of Cryptococcus neoformans cerebrospinal fluid isolates from AIDS patients in Kenya. Mycoses. 2011 Sep;54(5):e438-42. 摘要

105. Bongomin F, Oladele RO, Gago S, et al. A systematic review of fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates of Cryptococcus species. Mycoses. 2018 May;61(5):290-97. 摘要

106. Boulware DR, Meya DB, Muzoora C, et al; COAT Trial Team. Timing of antiretroviral therapy after diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 26;370(26):2487-98.全文  摘要

107. Eshun-Wilson I, Okwen MP, Richardson M, et al. Early versus delayed antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive people with cryptococcal meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 24;(7):CD009012.全文  摘要

108. Graybill JR, Sobel J, Saag M, et al. Diagnosis and management of increased intracranial pressure in patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Jan;30(1):47-54.全文  摘要

109. Macsween KF, Bicanic T, Brouwer AE, et al. Lumbar drainage for control of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in cryptococcal meningitis: case report and review. J Infect. 2005 Nov;51(4):e221-4. 摘要

110. Johnson PC, Wheat LJ, Cloud GA, et al; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. Safety and efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B compared with conventional amphotericin B for induction therapy of histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jul 16;137(2):105-9.全文  摘要

111. Groll AH, Giri N, Petraitis V, et al. Comparative efficacy and distribution of lipid formulations of amphotericin B in experimental Candida albicans infection of the central nervous system. J Infect Dis. 2000 Jul;182(1):274-82.全文  摘要

112. Galgiani JN, Catanzaro A, Cloud GA, et al. Fluconazole therapy for coccidioidal meningitis. The NIAID-Mycoses Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Jul 1;119(1):28-35. 摘要

113. Restrepo A, Tobón A, Clark B, et al. Salvage treatment of histoplasmosis with posaconazole. J Infect. 2007 Apr;54(4):319-27. 摘要

114. Cortez KJ, Walsh TJ, Bennett JE. Successful treatment of coccidioidal meningitis with voriconazole. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Jun 15;36(12):1619-22.全文  摘要

115. Proia LA, Tenorio AR. Successful use of voriconazole for treatment of Coccidioides meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Jun;48(6):2341.全文  摘要

116. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections: resources for clinicians. Oct 2015 [internet publication].全文

117. Smith RM, Tipple M, Chaudry MN, et al. Relapse of fungal meningitis associated with contaminated methylprednisolone. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jun 27;368(26):2535-6.全文  摘要

118. Marty FM, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Cornely OA, et al. Isavuconazole treatment for mucormycosis: a single-arm open-label trial and case-control analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016 Jul;16(7):828-37. 摘要

119. Vehreschild JJ, Birtel A, Vehreschild MJ, et al. Mucormycosis treated with posaconazole: review of 96 case reports. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2013 Aug;39(3):310-24. 摘要

120. Branch RA. Prevention of amphotericin B-induced renal impairment. A review on the use of sodium supplementation. Arch Intern Med. 1988 Nov;148(11):2389-94. 摘要

121. Bicanic T, Wood R, Meintjes G, et al. High-dose amphotericin B with flucytosine for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jul 1;47(1):123-30.全文  摘要

122. Kambugu AD, Kamya M, Mayanja-Kizza H, et al. The high mortality of HIV associated Cryptococcal meningitis despite high dose amphotericin B therapy in Uganda. 41st Annual Meeting of The Infectious Diseases Society of America. San Diego, 2003. Abstract 629.

123. Imwidthaya P, Poungvarin N. Cryptococcosis in AIDS. Postgrad Med J. 2000 Feb;76(892):85-8. 摘要

124. Lu CH, Chen HL, Chang WN, et al. Assessing the chronic neuropsychologic sequelae of human immunodeficiency virus-negative cryptococcal meningitis by using diffusion tensor imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Aug;32(7):1333-9.全文  摘要

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