Diabetic retinopathy

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: diabetic retinopathy. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Full text

Wong TY, Sun J, Kawasaki R, et al. Guidelines on diabetic eye care: The International Council of Ophthalmology recommendations for screening, follow-up, referral, and treatment based on resource settings. Ophthalmology. 2018 Oct;125(10):1608-22.Full text  Abstract

Solomon SD, Chew E, Duh EJ, et al. Diabetic retinopathy: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017 Mar;40(3):412-8.Full text  Abstract

American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan;47(suppl 1):S1-321.Full text

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice patterns: retina summary benchmarks. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Full text

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32. Antonetti DA, Barber AJ, Hollinger LA, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces rapid phosphorylation of tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occluden 1. A potential mechanism for vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy and tumors. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 13;274(33):23463-7.Full text  Abstract

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34. Patel JI, Hykin PG, Gregor ZJ, et al. Angiopoietin concentrations in diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 Apr;89(4):480-3.Full text  Abstract

35. Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network, Wells JA, Glassman AR, et al. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. N Engl J Med. 2015 Mar 26;372(13):1193-203.Full text  Abstract

36. Maturi RK, Glassman AR, Josic K, et al. Effect of intravitreous anti-vascular endothelial growth factor vs sham treatment for prevention of vision-threatening complications of diabetic retinopathy: the Protocol W randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021 Jul 1;139(7):701-12.Full text  Abstract

37. Nicolò M, Ferro Desideri L, Vagge A, et al. Faricimab: an investigational agent targeting the Tie-2/angiopoietin pathway and VEGF-A for the treatment of retinal diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2021 Mar;30(3):193-200. Abstract

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39. Suzuki Y, Nakazawa M, Suzuki K, et al. Expression profiles of cytokines and chemokines in vitreous fluid in diabetic retinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2011 May;55(3):256-63. Abstract

40. Crane IJ, Liversidge J. Mechanisms of leukocyte migration across the blood-retina barrier. Semin Immunopathol. 2008 Apr;30(2):165-77.Full text  Abstract

41. Boss JD, Singh PK, Pandya HK, et al. Assessment of neurotrophins and inflammatory mediators in vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017 Oct 1;58(12):5594-603.Full text  Abstract

42. Abcouwer SF. Müller Cell-microglia cross talk drives neuroinflammation in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes. 2017 Feb;66(2):261-3.Full text  Abstract

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44. Boyer DS, Yoon YH, Belfort R Jr, et al; Ozurdex MEAD Study Group. Three-year, randomized, sham-controlled trial of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2014 Oct;121(10):1904-14.Full text  Abstract

45. Cunha-Vaz J, Ashton P, Iezzi R, et al. Sustained delivery fluocinolone acetonide vitreous implants: long-term benefit in patients with chronic diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2014 Oct;121(10):1892-903.Full text  Abstract

46. Abu-El-Asrar AM, Dralands L, Missotten L, et al. Expression of apoptosis markers in the retinas of human subjects with diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Aug;45(8):2760-6.Full text  Abstract

47. Sasaki M, Ozawa Y, Kurihara T, et al. Neurodegenerative influence of oxidative stress in the retina of a murine model of diabetes. Diabetologia. 2010 May;53(5):971-9.Full text  Abstract

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49. Chew EY, Davis MD, Danis RP, et al. The effects of medical management on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in persons with type 2 diabetes: the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2014 Dec;121(12):2443-51.Full text  Abstract

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51. Perais J, Agarwal R, Evans JR, et al. Prognostic factors for the development and progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetic retinopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Feb 22;2(2):CD013775.Full text  Abstract

52. Shi R, Zhao L, Wang F, et al. Effects of lipid-lowering agents on diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Ophthalmol. 2018 Feb 18;11(2):287-95.Full text  Abstract

53. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ. 1998 Sep 12;317(7160):703-13.Full text  Abstract

54. ACCORD Study Group; Chew EY, Ambrosius WT, Davis MD, et al. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 15;363(3):233-44.Full text  Abstract

55. Klein R, Moss SE, Klein BE. Is gross proteinuria a risk factor for the incidence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy? Ophthalmology. 1993 Aug;100(8):1140-6. Abstract

56. Mathiesen ER, Ronn B, Storm B, et al. The natural course of microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetes: a 10-year prospective study. Diabet Med. 1995 Jun;12(6):482-7. Abstract

57. Kotlarsky P, Bolotin A, Dorfman K, et al. Link between retinopathy and nephropathy caused by complications of diabetes mellitus type 2. Int Ophthalmol. 2015 Feb;35(1):59-66.Full text  Abstract

58. Wong TY, Klein R, Islam FM, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in a multi-ethnic cohort in the United States. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Mar;141(3):446-55. Abstract

59. Sivaprasad S, Gupta B, Gulliford MC, et al. Ethnic variations in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetes attending screening in the United Kingdom (DRIVE UK). PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32182.Full text  Abstract

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61. ​American Diabetes Association. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot care: standards of care in diabetes-2024. Jan 2024 [internet publication].Full text

62. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: diabetic retinopathy. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Full text

63. Jeng CJ, Hsieh YT, Yang CM, et al. Development of diabetic retinopathy after cataract surgery. PLoS One. 2018 Aug 22;13(8):e0202347.Full text  Abstract

64. Dowler JG, Sehmi KS, Hykin PG, et al. The natural history of macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetes. Ophthalmology. 1999 Apr;106(4):663-8. Abstract

65. Hykin PG, Gregson RM, Stevens JD, et al. Extracapsular cataract extraction in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1993 Mar;100(3):394-9. Abstract

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67. Gale R, Scanlon PH, Evans M, et al. Action on diabetic macular oedema: achieving optimal patient management in treating visual impairment due to diabetic eye disease. Eye (Lond). 2017 May;31(s1):S1-S20.Full text  Abstract

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70. Wong TY, Sun J, Kawasaki R, et al. Guidelines on diabetic eye care: The International Council of Ophthalmology recommendations for screening, follow-up, referral, and treatment based on resource settings. Ophthalmology. 2018 Oct;125(10):1608-22.Full text  Abstract

71. Samara WA, Shahlaee A, Adam MK, et al. Quantification of diabetic macular ischemia using optical coherence tomography angiography and its relationship with visual acuity. Ophthalmology. 2017 Feb;124(2):235-44. Abstract

72. Klein R, Meuer SM, Moss SE, et al. The relationship of retinal microaneurysm counts to the 4-year progression of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989 Dec;107(12):1780-5. Abstract

73. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Fundus photographic risk factors for progression of diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 12. Ophthalmology. 1991 May;98(5 Suppl):823-33. Abstract

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80. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Treatment techniques and clinical guidelines for photocoagulation of diabetic macular edema. ETDRS report number 2. Ophthalmology. 1987 Jul;94(7):761-74. Abstract

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82. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs: an extension of the modified Airlie House classification. ETDRS report number 10. Ophthalmology. 1991 May;98(5 Suppl):786-806. Abstract

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84. Coney JM, Scott AW. Racial disparities in the screening and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. J Natl Med Assoc. 2022 Apr;114(2):171-81. Abstract

85. Thomas CG, Channa R, Prichett L, et al. Racial/ethnic disparities and barriers to diabetic retinopathy screening in youths. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021 Jul 1;139(7):791-5. Abstract

86. American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan;47(suppl 1):S1-321.Full text

87. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice patterns: retina summary benchmarks. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Full text

88. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Frequency of ocular examinations. Mar 2015 [internet publication].Full text

89. Lueder GT, Silverstein J; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophthalmology and Section on Endocrinology. Screening for retinopathy in the pediatric patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics. 2005 Jul;116(1):270-3.Full text  Abstract

90. Mitchell P, Bandello F, Schmidt-Erfurth U, et al. The RESTORE Study: Ranibizumab Monotherapy or Combined with Laser versus Laser Monotherapy for Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology. 2011 Apr;118(4):615-25. Abstract

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95. Public Health England. Diabetic eye screening: commission and provide. April 2017 [internet publication].Full text

96. Baker CW, Glassman AR, Beaulieu WT, et al. Effect of initial management with aflibercept vs laser photocoagulation vs observation on vision loss among patients with diabetic macular edema involving the center of the macula and good visual acuity: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019 May 21;321(19):1880-94.Full text  Abstract

97. Wells JA, Glassman AR, Ayala AR, et al. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: two-year results from a comparative effectiveness randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmology. 2016 Jun;123(6):1351-9. Abstract

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108. Berrocal MH, Acaba-Berrocal L. Early pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: update and review of current literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2021 May 1;32(3):203-8. Abstract

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110. Tan Y, Fukutomi A, Sun MT, et al. Anti-VEGF crunch syndrome in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2021 Nov-Dec;66(6):926-32.Full text  Abstract

111. Wykoff CC, Le RT, Khurana RN, et al. Outcomes with as-needed aflibercept and macular laser following the phase III VISTA DME trial: ENDURANCE 12-month extension study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017 Jan;173:56-63.Full text  Abstract

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117. Campochiaro PA, Brown DM, Pearson A, et al. Sustained delivery fluocinolone acetonide vitreous inserts provide benefit for at least 3 years in patients with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2012 Oct;119(10):2125-32.Full text  Abstract

118. Rittiphairoj T, Mir TA, Li T, et al. Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 17;11(11):CD005656.Full text  Abstract

119. Bahadir M, Ertan A, Mertoğlu O. Visual acuity comparison of vitrectomy with and without internal limiting membrane removal in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Int Ophthalmol. 2005 Feb-Apr;26(1-2):3-8.Full text  Abstract

120. Jackson ML, Virgili G, Shepherd JD, et al. Vision Rehabilitation Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmol. 2023 Mar;130(3):P271-335.Full text

121. Codina CJ, Rhodes M. Low vision services provision throughout NHS Trusts in the UK. Br Ir Orthopt J. 2023 Aug 8;19(1):64-70.Full text  Abstract

122. Writing Committee for the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Panretinal photocoagulation vs intravitreous ranibizumab for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. JAMA. 2015 Nov 24;314(20):2137-46. Abstract

123. Sivaprasad S, Prevost AT, Vasconcelos JC, et al. Clinical efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept versus panretinal photocoagulation for best corrected visual acuity in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy at 52 weeks (CLARITY): a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised, controlled, phase 2b, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2017 Jun 3;389(10085):2193-203.Full text  Abstract

124. Brown DM, Wykoff CC, Boyer D, et al. Evaluation of intravitreal aflibercept for the treatment of severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: results from the PANORAMA randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021 Sep 1;139(9):946-55.Full text  Abstract

125. Dugel PU, Koh A, Ogura Y, et al. HAWK and HARRIER: Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-masked trials of Brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2020 Jan;127(1):72-84.Full text  Abstract

126. Monés J, Srivastava SK, Jaffe GJ, et al. Risk of inflammation, retinal vasculitis, and retinal ccclusion-related events with brolucizumab: post hoc review of HAWK and HARRIER. Ophthalmology. 2021 Jul;128(7):1050-9.Full text  Abstract

127. ClinicalTrials.gov. Study of a high-dose aflibercept in participants with diabetic eye disease (PHOTON). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04429503. Jul 2024 [internet publication].Full text

128. Holekamp NM, Campochiaro PA, Chang MA, et al. Archway randomized phase 3 trial of the port delivery system with ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2022 Mar;129(3):295-307.Full text  Abstract

129. Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, et al. Pediatric eye evaluations Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-70.Full text  Abstract

130. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation​. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Full text

131. Bressler SB, Glassman AR, Almukhtar T, et al. Five-year outcomes of ranibizumab with prompt or deferred laser versus laser or triamcinolone plus deferred ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016 Apr;164:57-68.Full text  Abstract

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