Hypopituitarism

Hypopituitarism is a deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones (e.g., adrenocorticotrophic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, gonadotrophins).

There are numerous possible causes, of which pituitary adenoma (also known as pituitary neuroendocrine tumour [PitNET]) is the most frequent in adults.

Presentation of hypopituitarism varies depending on the cause, but common symptoms include headaches, amenorrhoea, visual changes, and galactorrhoea.

Treatment depends on correction of the underlying cause. Where causes are not correctable, treatment focuses on replacing the target hormones.

Patients who require cortisol for adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency require increased dosage in times of stress (such as infection, trauma, and surgery).

Hypopituitarism refers to the partial or complete deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones. It may arise as a congenital defect during the development of the pituitary gland, or as a result of acquired diseases of the pituitary gland, the parasellar structures, or the hypothalamus.