Compartment syndrome of extremities

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Major Extremity Trauma and Rehabilitation Consortium. Diagnosis and management of acute compartment syndrome. Sep 2019 [internet publication].Full text

British Orthopaedic Association. Diagnosis and management of compartment syndrome of the limbs​. 2015 [internet publication].Full text

1. Mubarak SJ, Owen CA. Double-incision fasciotomy of the leg for decompression in compartment syndromes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977 Mar;59(2):184-7. Abstract

2. Kennedy JC, Roth JH. Major tibial compartment syndromes following minor athletic trauma: two case reports. Am J Sports Med. 1979 May-Jun;7(3):201-3. Abstract

3. McQueen MM, Gaston P, Court-Brown CM. Acute compartment syndrome. Who is at risk? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000 Mar;82(2):200-3. Abstract

4. McMillan TE, Gardner WT, Schmidt AH, et al. Diagnosing acute compartment syndrome-where have we got to? Int Orthop. 2019 Nov;43(11):2429-35.Full text  Abstract

5. Bryk E, Grantham SA. Shin splints: a chronic deep posterior ischemic compartmental syndrome of the leg? Orthop Rev. 1983;12:29-40.

6. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Major Extremity Trauma and Rehabilitation Consortium. Diagnosis and management of acute compartment syndrome. Sep 2019 [internet publication].Full text

7. Cone J, Inaba K. Lower extremity compartment syndrome. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2017 Sep 14;2(1):e000094.Full text  Abstract

8. Nathanson MH, Harrop-Griffiths W, Aldington DJ, et al. Regional analgesia for lower leg trauma and the risk of acute compartment syndrome: guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2021 Nov;76(11):1518-25.Full text  Abstract

9. Garner MR, Taylor SA, Gausden E, et al. Compartment syndrome: diagnosis, management, and unique concerns in the twenty-first century. HSS J. 2014 Jul;10(2):143-52.Full text  Abstract

10. Rao MM, Jayne D. Lower limb compartment syndrome following laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a review. Colorectal Dis. 2011 May;13(5):494-9. Abstract

11. Belzunegui T, Louis CJ, Torrededia L, et al. Extravasation of radiographic contrast material and compartment syndrome in the hand: a case report. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2011 Feb 4;19:9.Full text  Abstract

12. Coban YK. Rhabdomyolysis, compartment syndrome and thermal injury. World J Crit Care Med. 2014 Feb 4;3(1):1-7.Full text  Abstract

13. Boland MR, Heck C. Acute exercise-induced bilateral thigh compartment syndrome. Orthopedics. 2009 Mar;32(3):218. Abstract

14. Bhalla MC, Dick-Perez R. Exercise induced rhabdomyolysis with compartment syndrome and renal failure. Case Rep Emerg Med. 2014;2014:735820.Full text  Abstract

15. Dunphy L, Morhij R, Tucker S. Rhabdomyolysis-induced compartment syndrome secondary to atorvastatin and strenuous exercise. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Mar 16:2017:bcr2016218942.Full text  Abstract

16. Roberts CS, Gorczyca JT, Ring D, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of less common compartment syndromes of the upper and lower extremities: current evidence and best practices. Instr Course Lect. 2011;60:43-50. Abstract

17. von Keudell AG, Weaver MJ, Appleton PT, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute extremity compartment syndrome. Lancet. 2015 Sep 26;386(10000):1299-310. Abstract

18. Olson SA, Glasgow RR. Acute compartment syndrome in lower extremity musculoskeletal trauma. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2005 Nov;13(7):436-44. Abstract

19. Branco BC, Inaba K, Barmparas G, et al. Incidence and predictors for the need for fasciotomy after extremity trauma: a 10-year review in a mature level I trauma centre. Injury. 2011 Oct;42(10):1157-63. Abstract

20. British Orthopaedic Association. Diagnosis and management of compartment syndrome of the limbs​. 2015 [internet publication].Full text

21. Velmahos GC, Toutouzas KG. Vascular trauma and compartment syndromes. Surg Clin North Am. 2002 Feb;82(1):125-41, xxi. Abstract

22. Shuler FD, Dietz MJ. Physicians' ability to manually detect isolated elevations in leg intracompartmental pressure. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Feb;92(2):361-7. Abstract

23. Whitney A, O'Toole RV, Hui E, et al. Do one-time intracompartmental pressure measurements have a high false-positive rate in diagnosing compartment syndrome? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014 Feb;76(2):479-83. Abstract

24. Ovre S, Hvaal K, Holm I, et al. Compartment pressure in nailed tibial fractures. A threshold of 30 mmHg for decompression gives 29% fasciotomies. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1998;118(1-2):29-31. Abstract

25. Wall CJ, Lynch J, Harris IA, et al; Liverpool (Sydney) and Royal Melbourne Hospitals. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of acute limb compartment syndrome following trauma. ANZ J Surg. 2010 Mar;80(3):151-6. Abstract

26. Moed BR, Thorderson PK. Measurement of intracompartmental pressure: a comparison of the slit catheter, side-ported needle, and simple needle. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993 Feb;75(2):231-5. Abstract

27. McQueen MM, Court-Brown CM. Compartment monitoring in tibial fractures. The pressure threshold for decompression. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996 Jan;78(1):99-104. Abstract

28. White TO, Howell GE, Will EM, et al. Elevated intramuscular compartment pressures do not influence outcome after tibial fracture. J Trauma. 2003 Dec;55(6):1133-8. Abstract

29. Mitas P, Vejrazka M, Hruby J, et al. Prediction of compartment syndrome based on analysis of biochemical parameters. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014 Jan;28(1):170-7. Abstract

30. Heppenstall RB, Sapega AA, Scott R, et al. The compartment syndrome. An experimental and clinical study of muscular energy metabolism using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988 Jan;(226):138-55. Abstract

31. Braun SR, Weiss FR, Keller AI, et al. Evaluation of the renal toxicity of heme proteins and their derivatives: a role in the genesis of acute tubule necrosis. J Exp Med. 1970 Mar 1;131(3):443-60.Full text  Abstract

32. Foot CL, Fraser JF. Uroscopic rainbow: modern matula medicine. Postgrad Med J. 2006 Feb;82(964):126-9.Full text  Abstract

33. Sawhney JS, Kasotakis G, Goldenberg A, et al. Management of rhabdomyolysis: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Am J Surg. 2022 Jul;224(1 pt a):196-204. Abstract

34. Shapiro ML, Baldea A, Luchette FA. Rhabdomyolysis in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med. 2012 Nov-Dec;27(6):335-42. Abstract

35. The Renal Association. Clinical practice guidelines: acute kidney injury (AKI). Aug 2019 [internet publication].Full text

36. Finnish Medical Society Duodecim. Rhabdomyolysis. In: EBM guidelines. Evidence-based medicine. Helsinki, Finland: John Wiley & Sons; 2007.

37. Hayakawa H, Aldington DJ, Moore RA. Acute traumatic compartment syndrome: a systematic review of results of fasciotomy. Trauma. 2009;11:5-35.

38. Canale ST, Beaty JH, eds. Campbell's operative orthopaedics. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby/Elsevier; 2008.

39. Fitzgerald AM, Gaston P, Wilson Y, et al. Long-term sequelae of fasciotomy wounds. Br J Plast Surg. 2000 Dec;53(8):690-3. Abstract

40. Hargens AR, Romine JS, Sipe JC, et al. Peripheral nerve-conduction block by high muscle-compartment pressure. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979 Mar;61(2):192-200. Abstract

41. Rorabeck CH, Clarke KM. The pathophysiology of the anterior tibial compartment syndrome: an experimental investigation. J Trauma. 1978 May;18(5):299-304. Abstract

42. Ritenour AE, Dorlac WC, Fang R, et al. Complications after fasciotomy revision and delayed compartment release in combat patients. J Trauma. 2008 Feb;64(2 suppl):S153-61; discussion S161-2. Abstract

43. Badhe S, Baiju D, Elliot R, et al. The 'silent' compartment syndrome. Injury. 2009 Feb;40(2):220-2. Abstract

44. Heemskerk J, Kitslaar P. Acute compartment syndrome of the lower leg: retrospective study on prevalence, technique, and outcome of fasciotomies. World J Surg. 2003 Jun;27(6):744-7. Abstract

45. Lollo L, Grabinsky A. Clinical and functional outcomes of acute lower extremity compartment syndrome at a major trauma hospital. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2016 Jul-Sep;6(3):133-42.Full text  Abstract

46. Matava MJ, Whitesides TE Jr, Seiler JG 3rd, et al. Determination of the compartment pressure threshold of muscle ischemia in a canine model. J Trauma. 1994 Jul;37(1):50-8. Abstract

47. Vandervelpen G, Goris L, Broos PL, et al. [Functional sequelae in tibial shaft fractures with compartment syndrome following primary treatment with urgent fasciotomy]. Acta Chir Belg. 1992 Sep-Oct;92(5):234-40. Abstract