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Acute pharyngitis

Last reviewed: 23 Jul 2025
Last updated: 18 Jun 2024

Summary

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presence of risk factors
  • child or adolescent age
  • winter or spring season (in bacterial pharyngitis)
  • summer/autumn season (in enteroviral pharyngitis)
  • rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion, hoarseness, oral ulcers, and cough (in viral infection)
  • sore throat
  • pharyngeal exudate
  • cervical adenopathy
  • fever
  • headache
  • nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
  • conjunctivitis
  • maculopapular rash (in measles)
  • Koplik spots (in measles)
  • scarlatiniform rash (in group A Streptococcus [GAS] pharyngitis)
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • sexual activity or abuse (in HIV, gonorrhoeal, or chlamydial infection)
  • treatment failure of penicillin
  • pharyngeal ulceration (in tularaemia)
  • pharyngeal grey membrane (in diphtheria)
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • nasal colonisation with group A Streptococcus (GAS)
  • GAS-infected contact
  • sexual activity or abuse
  • ingestion of non-domestic meats
  • immunocompromised host
  • use of inhaled corticosteroids
  • lack of immunisation or vaccine failure
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • rapid antigen test for group A Streptococcus (GAS)
  • nucleic acid amplification (via polymerase chain reaction) for group A Streptococcus (GAS)
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • culture of throat swab for group A Streptococcus (GAS)
  • culture or PCR of throat swab for gonococcus or chlamydia
  • serum monospot for Epstein-Barr virus infection
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

all patients

Colaboradores

Autores

Jeffrey R. Donowitz, MD

Pediatrician

Pediatric Infectious Diseases

University of Virginia

Charlottesville

VA

Declarações

JRD declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Jeffrey R. Donowitz would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr William A. Petri, Jr, a previous contributor to this topic.

Declarações

WAP declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores

Richard Roberts, MD, JD, FAAFP, FCLM

Professor of Family Medicine

University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health

Madison

WI

Declarações

RR declares that he has no competing interests.

Remco de Bree, MD, PhD

Otolaryngologist

Head and Neck Surgeon

VU University Medical Center

Amsterdam

The Netherlands

Declarações

RdB declares that he has no competing interests.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (Archived). Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Nov 15;55(10):e86-102.Texto completo  Resumo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pharyngitis (strep throat). Jun 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic prescribing and use - adult outpatient treatment recommendations. Oct 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Acute pharyngitis images
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  • Diretrizes

    • Guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2024 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    • Pharyngitis (strep throat)
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  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

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    Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
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