Tricuspid regurgitation

Tricuspid regurgitation usually presents with fatigue, dyspnoea, and lower extremity oedema. Additional complaints may include abdominal distension and early satiety.

Mild or moderate tricuspid regurgitation without abnormal valve anatomy, ventricular function, or pulmonary artery pressure is not necessarily abnormal but is estimated to be present in over 50% of asymptomatic young adults.

The clinically most important form is secondary to left-sided cardiac disease, with tricuspid annular dilation.

The affected valve may be repaired or replaced; similar to mitral surgery, surgical repair is preferred over replacement.

Operative risk for tricuspid valve surgery depends on extent the of right ventricular dysfunction and concomitant disease. Re-operation for severe tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery carries a high risk. Therefore, correction of tricuspid regurgitation should be considered at the time of initial surgery.

The disease has largely been undertreated and its impact is under appreciated.

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) occurs when blood flows backwards through the tricuspid valve. In the vast majority of patients, this occurs during systole, but severely elevated right ventricular filling pressure can be associated with diastolic TR. TR can be primary (abnormal valve morphology) or secondary (normal valve morphology). Some degree of valvular regurgitation is a relatively common incidental finding in colour Doppler imaging. In fact, two-dimensional echocardiography has demonstrated that 50% to 60% of asymptomatic young adults exhibit mild tricuspid regurgitation.[1]Shah PM, Raney AA. Tricuspid valve disease. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2008 Feb;33(2):47-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18222317?tool=bestpractice.com A smaller proportion, up to 15%, have moderate tricuspid regurgitation.