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Cardiac tamponade

Última revisão: 9 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 02 Apr 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • malignancy
  • presence of other risk factors
  • dyspnea
  • elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP)
  • distant heart sounds
  • pulsus paradoxus
  • hypotension
  • tachycardia
  • recent cardiac surgery or intervention
  • Beck triad: hypotension, distant heart sounds, and elevated JVP
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • chest pain
  • abdominal pain
  • fever
  • pericardial rub
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • malignancy
  • aortic dissection
  • purulent pericarditis
  • large idiopathic chronic pericardial effusion
  • post-cardiac surgery or intervention
  • tuberculosis (TB)
  • autoimmune disease
  • hypothyroidism
  • end-stage renal failure
  • anticoagulation
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • ECG
  • transthoracic echocardiogram
  • CXR
  • CBC
  • erythrocyte sedimentation rate/CRP
  • cardiac enzymes
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • cardiac CT
  • cardiac MRI
  • cardiac catheterization
  • pericardiocentesis fluid for culture and cytology
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

without hemopericardium, trauma, or purulent effusion

with hemopericardium, trauma, or purulent effusion

Colaboradores

Autores

Antonio Abbate, MD, PhD

Ruth C. Heede Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine

Berne Cardiovascular Research Center

University of Virginia School of Medicine

Charlottesville

VA

Declarações

AA has received consultant fees from Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals. He is an author of references cited in this topic.

Agradecimentos

Dr Antonio Abbate would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Vaikom S. Mahadevan, Dr Harsh Agrawal, Dr Jonathan Bella, Dr Liran Blum, and Dr Michael Spinelli, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

VSM declares that he is a proctor for Edwards Lifesciences for transcatheter valves and also a proctor for Abbott for closure devices. HA, JB, LB, and MS declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Ramon Castello, MD

Professor of Medicine

Director of Echocardiography

Mayo Clinic

Jacksonville

FL

Declarações

RC declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

Klein AL, Abbara S, Agler DA, et al. American Society of Echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013 Sep;26(9):965-1012.Texto completo  Resumo

Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2015 Nov 7;36(42):2921-64.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Constrictive pericarditis
    • Restrictive cardiomyopathy
    • Cardiogenic shock
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • 2015 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases
    • American Society of Echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease
    Mais Diretrizes
  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

    Heart attack

    Heart failure

    Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
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