შეჯამება
განსაზღვრება
ანამნეზი და გასინჯვა
ძირითადი დიაგნოსტიკური ფაქტორები
- cough
- wheezing
- shortness of breath
- chest tightness
- sleep disturbance
- accessory muscle use
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
- wheezing, poor air movement, or diminished breath sounds
- inability to speak
სხვა დიაგნოსტიკური ფაქტორები
- exercise limitation
- altered consciousness
- stridor
- cyanosis
რისკფაქტორები
- viral infection
- uncontrolled asthma symptoms
- high use of short-acting beta-2 agonists
- inconsistent use of inhaled corticosteroids
- incorrect inhaler technique
- low forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁)
- high bronchodilator responsiveness
- current smoker (including e-cigarettes/vapes) or exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke
- exposure to allergens (including history of seasonal allergic rhinitis)
- air pollution
- poor indoor air quality
- obesity
- chronic rhinosinusitis
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- confirmed food allergy
- history of asthma
- history of hospitalization for asthma exacerbations
- one or more severe exacerbations in the last 12 months
- use of oral corticosteroids
- poor adherence to asthma treatment
- pregnancy
- psychological or socioeconomic problems
- elevated blood eosinophils
- elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)
- respiratory bacterial infection
დიაგნოსტიკური კვლევები
1-ად შესაკვეთი გამოკვლევები
- peak expiratory flow rate
- oxygen saturation
გასათვალისწინებელი კვლევები
- ABG
- chest x-ray
- CBC
მკურნალობის ალგორითმი
life-threatening exacerbation or impending respiratory failure
severe exacerbation
mild to moderate exacerbation
symptomatic asthma
კონტრიბუტორები
ავტორები
Sourav Majumdar, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor (Affiliated)
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
Department of Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford
CA
გაფრთხილება:
SM declares that he has no competing interests.
Lauren Eggert, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
Department of Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford
CA
გაფრთხილება:
LE declares that she has participated on advisory boards for Regeneron and AstraZeneca.
მადლიერება
Dr Sourav Majumdar and Dr Lauren Eggert would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ware Kuschner, Dr Michael Ezzie, and Dr Jonathan P. Parsons, the previous contributors to this topic.
გაფრთხილება:
WK and ME declare that they have no competing interests. JPP is a member of Speakers' Bureaus for GlaxoSmithKline, Schering-Plough, and AstraZeneca.
რეცენზენტები
Anne Dixon, MD
Assistant Professor
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
University of Vermont
Burlington
VT
გაფრთხილება:
AD declares that she has no competing interests.
Neil C. Thomson, MBChB, MD, FRCP
Professor of Respiratory Medicine
Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation
University of Glasgow
Glasgow
Scotland
UK
გაფრთხილება:
NCT declares that he has no competing interests.
Graeme P. Currie, MBChB, MD, FRCP
Consultant Chest Physician
Chest Clinic C
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary
Aberdeen
Scotland
UK
გაფრთხილება:
GPC declares that he has no competing interests.
დიფერენციული დიაგნოზები
- Acute bronchiolitis
- Pneumonia
- Foreign body/obstruction
მეტი დიფერენციული დიაგნოზებიგაიდლაინები
- Global strategy for asthma management and prevention
- Focused updates to the asthma management guidelines: a report from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group
მეტი გაიდლაინებიპაციენტის ბროშურები
Asthma in adults
მეტი პაციენტის ბროშურებიVideos
Peak flow measurement: animated demonstration
Expiratory wheeze
მეტი ვიდეოებიშედით სისტემაში ან გამოიწერეთ BMJ Best Practice
ამ მასალის გამოყენება ექვემდებარება ჩვენს განცხადებას