Schizophrenia

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Последний просмотренный: 17 Aug 2025
Last updated: 21 Mar 2025

Резюме

Определение

Анамнез и осмотр

Ключевые диагностические факторы

  • auditory hallucinations
  • delusions
  • avolition
  • anhedonia
  • asocial behavior
  • affective blunting
  • alogia
  • cognitive deficits
  • somatization
Полная информация

Другие диагностические факторы

  • lack of insight (anosognosia)
  • bizarre or disorganized behavior
  • tangentiality and looseness of association (derailment)
  • circumstantiality
  • pressured speech
  • distractible speech
  • depression
  • suicidality
  • anxiety
  • elation
  • incongruent affect
  • verbigeration
  • perseveration
  • word salad
  • derealization
  • nonauditory hallucinations
  • déjà-vu
  • stilted goal-directed behaviors
  • catatonic symptoms
  • "soft" neurologic deficits
Полная информация

Факторы риска

  • family history of schizophrenia
  • increasing paternal age
  • obstetric complications
  • cannabis use
  • low IQ
  • motor dysfunction
  • psychological stress
  • childhood abuse
  • migrant status
Полная информация

Диагностические исследования

Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь

  • clinical diagnosis
Полная информация

Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть

  • MRI/CT head
  • serum HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test
  • CBC including absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
  • drug toxicology screen
  • BUN and electrolytes
  • liver function tests
  • thyroid-stimulating hormone
  • pregnancy test
  • genetic testing
Полная информация

Алгоритм лечения

Начальные

at risk of developing psychosis

Острый

acute psychotic episode

ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ

chronic symptoms

treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Составители

Эксперты-консультанты

Xiaoduo Fan, MD, MPH, MSc

Professor of Psychiatry

Director, UMass MIND

UMass Memorial Health/UMass Chan Medical School

Worcester

MA

Раскрытие информации

XF has received research support from Otsuka, Roche, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Avanir, and Janssen. XF holds a patent on "combination treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders" (USPTO patent # 11,331,319).

Выражение благодарностей

Dr Xiaoduo Fan would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Adrian Preda and Dr Robert G. Bota, previous contributors to this topic.

Раскрытие информации

AP and RGB declare that they have no competing interests.

Рецензенты

David Taylor, PhD

Chief Pharmacist

South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust

London

UK

Раскрытие информации

DT declares that he has no competing interests.

Joel Yager, MD

Professor

Department of Psychiatry

University of New Mexico School of Medicine

Albuquerque

NM

Раскрытие информации

JY declares that he has no competing interests.

Kemal Sagduyu, MD

Professor of Psychiatry

University of Missouri Kansas City

Kansas City

MO

Раскрытие информации

KS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Основные статьи

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.Полный текст

American Psychiatric Association. ​The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2021.Полный текст

Hasan A, Falkai P, Wobrock T, et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia, part 1: update 2012 on the acute treatment of schizophrenia and the management of treatment resistance. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Jul;13(5):318-78. Аннотация

Статьи, указанные как источники

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