Wernicke's encephalopathy

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1. Galvin R, Bråthen G, Ivashynka A, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Dec;17(12):1408-18.Full text  Abstract

2. Habas E, Farfar K, Errayes N, et al. Wernicke encephalopathy: an updated narrative review. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2023 Jul-Sep;11(3):193-200.Full text  Abstract

3. Arts NJ, Walvoort SJ, Kessels RP. Korsakoff's syndrome: a critical review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017;13:2875-90.Full text  Abstract

4. Chandrakumar A, Bhardwaj A, 't Jong GW. Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Oct 2;30(2):153-62.Full text  Abstract

5. Singh H, Watt K, Veitch R, et al. Malnutrition is prevalent in hospitalized medical patients: are housestaff identifying the malnourished patient? Nutrition. 2006 Apr;22(4):350-4. Abstract

6. Mates E, Alluri D, Artis T, et al. A retrospective case series of thiamine deficiency in non-alcoholic hospitalized veterans: an important cause of delirium and falling? J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 1;10(7):1449.Full text  Abstract

7. Chiossi G, Neri I, Cavazzuti M, et al. Hyperemesis gravidarum complicated by Wernicke encephalopathy: background, case report, and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2006 Apr;61(4):255-68. Abstract

8. Erick M. Gestational malnutrition, hyperemesis gravidarum, and Wernicke's encephalopathy: what is missing? Nutr Clin Pract. 2022 Dec;37(6):1273-90. Abstract

9. Louis AM, Chen AH, Pakravan M, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy secondary to chronic total parenteral nutrition. J Neuroophthalmol. 2024 Mar 1;44(1):e149-50. Abstract

10. Francini-Pesenti F, Brocadello F, Manara R, et al. Wernicke's syndrome during parenteral feeding: not an unusual complication. Nutrition. 2009 Feb;25(2):142-6. Abstract

11. Carney MW, Ravindran A, Rinsler MG, et al. Thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine deficiency in psychiatric in-patients. Br J Psychiatry. 1982 Sep;141:271-2. Abstract

12. Safran JT, Bodaghi M, Sherwin NK, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res Case Rep. 2023 Jun;2(1):100091. Abstract

13. Basouny N, Spigos J, Khvolis D, et al. Wernicke encephalopathy in a pediatric patient with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder: a rare presentation of thiamine deficiency. Am J Case Rep. 2023 Aug 26;24:e940717.Full text  Abstract

14. Harper C, Fornes P, Duyckaerts C, et al. An international perspective on the prevalence of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Metab Brain Dis. 1995 Mar;10(1):17-24. Abstract

15. Torvik A. Wernicke's encephalopathy: prevalence and clinical spectrum. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1991;1:381-4. Abstract

16. Harper CG, Giles M, Finlay-Jones R. Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986 Apr;49(4):341-5. Abstract

17. Victor M, Adams RD, Collins GH. The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: a clinical and pathological study of 245 patients, 82 with post-mortem examinations. Contemp Neurol Ser. 1971;7:1-206. Abstract

18. Torvik A, Lindboe CF, Rogde S. Brain lesions in alcoholics: a neuropathological study with clinical correlations. J Neurol Sci.1982 Nov;56(2-3):233-48. Abstract

19. Boldorini R, Vago L, Lechi A, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy: occurrence and pathological aspects in a series of 400 AIDS patients. Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense. 1992;63(1-2):43-9. Abstract

20. Bleggi-Torres LF, de Medeiros BC, Werner B, et al. Neuropathological findings after bone marrow transplantation: an autopsy study of 180 cases. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2000 Feb;25(3):301-7. Abstract

21. Choi YJ, Park SJ, Kim JS, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Korean J Hematol. 2010 Dec;45(4):279-81.Full text  Abstract

22. Nagarajan E, Rupareliya C, Bollu PC. Wernicke's encephalopathy as a rare complication of hyperemesis gravidarum: a case report and Review of literature. Cureus. 2018 May 9;10(5):e2597. Abstract

23. Sechi G, Serra A. Wernicke's encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol. 2007 May;6(5):442-55. Abstract

24. Palm A, Vataja R, Talaslahti T, et al. Incidence and mortality of alcohol-related dementia and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: A nationwide register study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2022 Aug;37(8):10.1002/gps.5775.Full text  Abstract

25. Scalzo SJ, Bowden SC, Ambrose ML, et al. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome not related to alcohol use: a systematic review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015 Dec;86(12):1362-8. Abstract

26. Kohnke S, Meek CL. Don't seek, don't find: the diagnostic challenge of Wernicke's encephalopathy. Ann Clin Biochem. 2021 Jan;58(1):38-46.Full text  Abstract

27. Thomson AD. Mechanisms of vitamin deficiency in chronic alcohol misusers and development of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 2000 May-Jun;35(1):2-7. Abstract

28. Vimokesant S, Kunjara S, Rungruangsak K, et al. Beriberi caused by antithiamin factors in food and its prevention. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;378:123-36. Abstract

29. Vimokesant SL, Hilker DM, Nakornchai S, et al. Effects of betel nut and fermented fish on the thiamin status of northeastern Thais. Am J Clin Nutr. 1975 Dec;28(12):1458-63. Abstract

30. Maguire D, Talwar D, Shiels PG, et al. The role of thiamine dependent enzymes in obesity and obesity related chronic disease states: a systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018 Jun;25:8-17. Abstract

31. Valentino D, Sriram K, Shankar P. Update on micronutrients in bariatric surgery. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011 Nov;14(6):635-41. Abstract

32. Kerns JC, Arundel C, Chawla LS. Thiamin deficiency in people with obesity. Adv Nutr. 2015 Mar;6(2):147-53.Full text  Abstract

33. Oudman E, Wijnia JW, van Dam M, et al. Preventing Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2018 Jul;28(7):2060-8.Full text  Abstract

34. Restivo A, Carta MG, Farci AMG, et al. Risk of thiamine deficiency and Wernicke's encephalopathy after gastrointestinal surgery for cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2016 Jan;24(1):77-82. Abstract

35. Tsutsumi C, Abe T, Shinkawa T, et al. Development of Wernicke's encephalopathy long after subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: a case report. Surg Case Rep. 2020 Sep 25;6(1):220.Full text  Abstract

36. Donnino MW, Cocchi MN, Smithline H, et al. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery depletes plasma thiamine levels. Nutrition. 2010 Jan;26(1):133-6. Abstract

37. Oudman E, Wijnia JW, Severs D, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy in acute and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. J Ren Nutr. 2024 Mar;34(2):105-14.Full text  Abstract

38. Berger MM, Broman M, Forni L, et al. Nutrients and micronutrients at risk during renal replacement therapy: a scoping review. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2021 Aug 1;27(4):367-77.Full text  Abstract

39. Müri RM, Von Overbeck J, Furrer J, et al. Thiamin deficiency in HIV-positive patients: evaluation by erythrocyte transketolase activity and thiamin pyrophosphate effect. Clin Nutr. 1999 Dec;18(6):375-8. Abstract

40. L Ng Kv, Nguyễn LT. The role of thiamine in HIV infection. Int J Infect Dis. 2013 Apr;17(4):e221-7.Full text  Abstract

41. Butterworth RF, Gaudreau C, Vincelette J, et al. Thiamine deficiency and Wernicke's encephalopathy in AIDS. Metab Brain Dis. 1991 Dec;6(4):207-12. Abstract

42. Le Berre AP, Fama R, Sassoon SA, et al. Cognitive and motor impairment severity related to signs of subclinical Wernicke's encephalopathy in HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019 Jul 1;81(3):345-54. Abstract

43. Choi EY, Gomes WA, Haigentz M Jr, et al. Association between malignancy and non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy: a case report and literature review. Neurooncol Pract. 2016 Sep;3(3):196-207.Full text  Abstract

44. Seo JH, Kim JH, Sun S, et al. Wernicke encephalopathy as initial presentation of lymphoma. Korean J Intern Med. 2017 Nov;32(6):1112-4.Full text  Abstract

45. Buesa JM, Garcia-Teijido P, Losa R, et al. Treatment of ifosfamide encephalopathy with intravenous thiamin. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Oct 1;9(12):4636-7.Full text  Abstract

46. Ferrie S. Case report of acute thiamine deficiency occurring as a complication of vitamin-free parenteral nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012 Feb;27(1):65-8. Abstract

47. Fedeli P, Justin Davies R, Cirocchi R, et al. Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke's encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery. Open Med (Wars). 2020;15(1):709-13.Full text  Abstract

48. Ott M, Werneke U. Wernicke's encephalopathy - from basic science to clinical practice. part 1: understanding the role of thiamine. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2020;10:2045125320978106.Full text  Abstract

49. Liu M, Yang H, Mao Y. Magnesium and liver disease. Ann Transl Med. 2019 Oct;7(20):578.Full text  Abstract

50. Oudman E, Wijnia JW, Oey M, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy in hyperemesis gravidarum: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019 May;236:84-93. Abstract

51. Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Alfadhel M, Molero-Luis M, et al. Thiamine deficiency in childhood with attention to genetic causes: survival and outcome predictors. Ann Neurol. 2017 Sep;82(3):317-30. Abstract

52. Marcé-Grau A, Martí-Sánchez L, Baide-Mairena H, et al. Genetic defects of thiamine transport and metabolism: a review of clinical phenotypes, genetics, and functional studies. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2019 Jul;42(4):581-97. Abstract

53. Habeb AM, Flanagan SE, Zulali MA, et al. Pharmacogenomics in diabetes: outcomes of thiamine therapy in TRMA syndrome. Diabetologia. 2018 May;61(5):1027-36.Full text  Abstract

54. Schubert Baldo M, Vilarinho L. Molecular basis of Leigh syndrome: a current look. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2020 Jan 29;15(1):31.Full text  Abstract

55. Schenker S, Henderson GI, Hoyumpa AM Jr, et al. Hepatic and Wernicke's encephalopathies: current concepts of pathogenesis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980 Dec;33(12):2719-26. Abstract

56. Ariaey-Nejad MR, Balaghi M, Baker EM, et al. Thiamine metabolism in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1970 Jun;23(6):764-78. Abstract

57. Butterworth RF, Kril JJ, Harpe CG. Thiamine-dependent enzyme changes in the brains of alcoholics: relationship to the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1993 Oct;17(5):1084-8. Abstract

58. Kopelman MD. The Korsakoff syndrome. Br J Psychiatry. 1995 Feb;166(2):154-73. Abstract

59. Isenberg-Grzeda E, Shen MJ, Alici Y, et al. High rate of thiamine deficiency among inpatients with cancer referred for psychiatric consultation: results of a single site prevalence study. Psychooncology. 2017 Sep;26(9):1384-9. Abstract

60. Lian X, Wu M, Fan H, et al. Wernicke's encephalopathy due to malnutrition and parenteral nutrition in a patient with cerebral infarction: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Apr;99(16):e19799.Full text  Abstract

61. Singh S, Kumar A. Wernicke encephalopathy after obesity surgery: a systematic review. Neurology. 2007 Mar 13;68(11):807-11. Abstract

62. Aasheim ET. Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Ann Surg. 2008 Nov;248(5):714-20. Abstract

63. Milone M, Di Minno MN, Lupoli R, et al. Wernicke encephalopathy in subjects undergoing restrictive weight loss surgery: a systematic review of literature data. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2014 Jul;22(4):223-9. Abstract

64. American Society of Addiction Medicine. The ASAM clinical practice guideline on alcohol withdrawal management. J Addict Med. 2020 May/Jun;14(3s suppl 1):1-72.Full text  Abstract

65. Pruckner N, Baumgartner J, Hinterbuchinger B, et al. Thiamine substitution in alcohol use disorder: a narrative review of medical guidelines. Eur Addict Res. 2019;25(3):103-10. Abstract

66. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Alcohol-use disorders: diagnosis and management of physical complications. Apr 2017 [internet publication].Full text

67. Harper C, Sheedy DL, Lara AI, et al. Prevalence of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Australia: has thiamine fortification made a difference? Med J Aust. 1998 Jun 1;168(11):542-5. Abstract

68. Whitfield KC, Smith TJ, Rohner F, et al. Thiamine fortification strategies in low- and middle-income settings: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2021 Aug;1498(1):29-45.Full text  Abstract

69. Cantu-Weinstein A, Branning R, Alamir M, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy: a systematic literature review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2024 Mar-Apr;87:48-59. Abstract

70. Lough ME. Wernicke's encephalopathy: expanding the diagnostic toolbox. Neuropsychol Rev. 2012 Jun;22(2):181-94. Abstract

71. Isen DR, Kline LB. Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of Wernicke encephalopathy. Eye Brain. 2020;12:49-60.Full text  Abstract

72. Chamorro AJ, Rosón-Hernández B, Medina-García JA, et al; Wernicke-SEMI Group; Alcohol and Alcoholism Group; Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI). Differences between alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients with Wernicke encephalopathy: a multicenter observational study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017 Jun;92(6):899-907. Abstract

73. Ota Y, Capizzano AA, Moritani T, et al. Comprehensive review of Wernicke encephalopathy: pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and imaging findings. Jpn J Radiol. 2020 Sep;38(9):809-20.Full text  Abstract

74. Antunez E, Estruch R, Cardenal C, et al. Usefulness of CT and MR imaging in the diagnosis of acute Wernicke's encephalopathy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998 Oct;171(4):1131-7.Full text  Abstract

75. Jung YC, Chanraud S, Sullivan EV. Neuroimaging of Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome. Neuropsychol Rev. 2012 Jun;22(2):170-80. Abstract

76. Kitaguchi T, Ota Y, Liao E, et al. The role of MRI in the prognosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy. J Neuroimaging. 2023 Nov-Dec;33(6):917-25.Full text  Abstract

77. Zuccoli G, Santa Cruz D, Bertolini M, et al. MR imaging findings in 56 patients with Wernicke encephalopathy: nonalcoholics may differ from alcoholics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009 Jan;30(1):171-6.Full text  Abstract

78. Chen LF, Lin CE. Wernicke's encephalopathy mimicking an acute psychotic disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012 Fall;24(4):E15-6.Full text  Abstract

79. Caine D, Halliday GM, Kril JJ, et al. Operational criteria for the classification of chronic alcoholics: identification of Wernicke's encephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997 Jan;62(1):51-60. Abstract

80. Novo-Veleiro I, Mateos-Díaz AM, Rosón-Hernández B, et al. Treatment variability and its relationships to outcomes among patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy: a multicenter retrospective study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023 Nov 1;252:110961.Full text  Abstract

81. Day GS, Ladak S, Curley K, et al. Thiamine prescribing practices within university-affiliated hospitals: a multicenter retrospective review. J Hosp Med. 2015 Apr;10(4):246-53. Abstract

82. Thomson A, Guerrini I, Marshall EJ. Incidence of adverse reactions to parenteral thiamine in the treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy, and recommendations. Alcohol Alcohol. 2019 Dec 1;54(6):609-14.Full text  Abstract

83. Flannery AH, Adkins DA, Cook AM. Unpeeling the evidence for the banana bag: evidence-based recommendations for the management of alcohol-associated vitamin and electrolyte deficiencies in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2016 Aug;44(8):1545-52. Abstract

84. Jophlin L, Liu TY, McClain CJ. Nutritional deficiencies in alcohol use disorder/alcohol-associated liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2024 Mar 1;40(2):112-7. Abstract

85. Aldhaeefi M, McLaughlin K, Goodberlet M, et al. Evaluation of the safety of 500 mg intravenous push thiamine at a tertiary academic medical center. Sci Prog. 2022 Apr-Jun;105(2):368504221096539.Full text  Abstract

86. Juel J, Pareek M, Langfrits CS, et al. Anaphylactic shock and cardiac arrest caused by thiamine infusion. BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Jul 12;2013:bcr2013009648. Abstract

87. Schabelman E, Kuo D. Glucose before thiamine for Wernicke encephalopathy: a literature review. J Emerg Med. 2012 Apr;42(4):488-94. Abstract

88. Manzo G, De Gennaro A, Cozzolino A, et al. MR imaging findings in alcoholic and nonalcoholic acute Wernicke's encephalopathy: a review. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:503596.Full text  Abstract

89. Sanvisens A, Zuluaga P, Fuster D, et al. Long-term mortality of patients with an alcohol-related Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol. 2017 Jul 1;52(4):466-71.Full text  Abstract

90. Smith I, Hillman A. Management of alcohol Korsakoff syndrome. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 1999;5:271-8.Full text