Central hypothyroidism

Persani L, Brabant G, Dattani M, et al. 2018 European Thyroid Association (ETA) guidelines on the diagnosis and management of central hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J. 2018 Oct;7(5):225-37.Full text  Abstract

Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Endocr Pract. 2012 Nov-Dec;18(6):988-1028. Abstract

Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Thyroid. 2014 Dec;24(12):1670-751.Full text  Abstract

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3. Persani L, Brabant G, Dattani M, et al. 2018 European Thyroid Association (ETA) guidelines on the diagnosis and management of central hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J. 2018 Oct;7(5):225-37.Full text  Abstract

4. Persani L. Clinical review: central hypothyroidism: pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic challenges. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Sep;97(9):3068-78.Full text  Abstract

5. Mathioudakis N, Thapa S, Wand GS, et al. ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenomas are associated with a higher prevalence of central hypothyroidism compared to other microadenoma types. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 Dec;77(6):871-6. Abstract

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15. García M, Fernández A, Moreno JC. Central hypothyroidism in children. Endocr Dev. 2014;26:79-107. Abstract

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18. Darzy KH, Shalet SM. Hypopituitarism after cranial irradiation. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28(5 Suppl):78-87. Abstract

19. Bhandare N, Kennedy L, Malyapa RS, et al. Primary and central hypothyroidism after radiotherapy for head-and-neck tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Jul 15;68(4):1131-9. Abstract

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28. Caturegli P, Newschaffer C, Olivi A, et al. Autoimmune hypophysitis. Endocr Rev. 2005 Aug;26(5):599-614.Full text  Abstract

29. Hamed SA. The effect of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid hormonal function: causes and implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2015;8(6):741-50. Abstract

30. Einarsdottir MJ, Olafsson E, Sigurjonsdottir HA. Antiepileptic drugs are associated with central hypothyroidism. Acta Neurol Scand. 2019 Jan;139(1):64-9. Abstract

31. Schweiger BM, Lao AJ, Tavyev J. A case series of patients with central hypothyroidism from oxcarbazepine therapy. J Child Neurol. 2021 Mar;36(3):237-42. Abstract

32. Faglia G, Bitensky L, Pinchera A, et al. Thyrotropin secretion in patients with central hypothyroidism: evidence for reduced biologic activity of immunoreactive thyrotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979 Jun;48(6):989-98. Abstract

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34. Stadnik T, Spruyt D, van Binst A, et al. Pituitary microadenomas: diagnosis with dynamic serial CT, conventional CT and T1-weighted MR imaging before and after injection of gadolinium. Eur J Radiol. 1994 Aug;18(3):191-8. Abstract

35. Gao R, Tanaka T, Inagawa S, et al. Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of pituitary adenomas: usefulness of sequential sagittal and coronal plane images. Eur J Radiol. 2001 Sep;39(3):139-46. Abstract

36. Anand VT, Mann SB, Dash RJ, et al. Auditory investigations in hypothyroidism. Acta Otolaryngol. 1989 Jul-Aug;108(1-2):83-7. Abstract

37. Canaris GJ, Steiner JF, Ridgway EC. Do traditional symptoms of hypothyroidism correlate with biochemical disease? J Gen Intern Med. 1997 Sep;12(9):544-50.Full text  Abstract

38. Serri O, Chik CL, Ur E, et al. Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia. CMAJ. 2003 Sep 16;169(6):575-81.Full text  Abstract

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40. Verhelst J, Abs R. Hyperprolactinemia: pathophysiology and management. Treat Endocrinol. 2003;2(1):23-32. Abstract

41. Schneider H, Aimoretti G, Kreitschmann-Andermahr M, et al. Hypopituitarism. Lancet. 2007 Apr 28;369(9571):1461-70. Abstract

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44. Rose SR, Wassner AJ, Wintergerst KA, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism: screening and management. Pediatrics. 2023 Jan;151(1): e2022060419.Full text

45. van Trotsenburg P, Stoupa A, Léger J, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism: a 2020-2021 consensus guidelines update – an ENDO-European Reference Network initiative endorsed by the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and the European Society for Endocrinology. Thyroid. 2021 Mar;31(3):387-419.Full text  Abstract

46. Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Endocr Pract. 2012 Nov-Dec;18(6):988-1028. Abstract

47. Sklar CA, Antal Z, Chemaitilly W, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary and growth disorders in survivors of childhood cancer: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Aug 1;103(8):2761-84.Full text  Abstract

48. Grunenwald S, Caron P. Central hypothyroidism in adults: better understanding for better care. Pituitary. 2015 Feb;18(1):169-75. Abstract

49. Clarke N, Kabadi UM. Optimizing treatment of hypothyroidism. Treat Endocrinol. 2004;3(4):217-21. Abstract

50. Beck-Peccoz P. Treatment of central hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011 Jun;74(6):671-2. Abstract

51. Yamada M, Mori M. Mechanisms related to the pathophysiology and management of central hypothyroidism. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Dec;4(12):683-94. Abstract

52. Lania A, Persani L, Beck-Peccoz P. Central hypothyroidism. Pituitary. 2008;11(2):181-6. Abstract

53. Alexopoulou O, Beguin C, De Nayer P, et al. Clinical and hormonal characteristics of central hypothyroidism at diagnosis and during follow-up in adult patients. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004 Jan;150(1):1-8. Abstract

54. Biondi B, Wartofsky L. Treatment with thyroid hormone. Endocr Rev. 2014 Jun;35(3):433-512. Abstract

55. Schroeder AC, Privalsky ML. Thyroid hormones, t3 and t4, in the brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014 Mar 31;5:40.Full text  Abstract

56. Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Feb;96(2):273-88.Full text  Abstract

57. Casanueva FF, Molitch ME, Schlechte JA, et al. Guidelines of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas. Clin Endocrinology (Oxf). 2006 Aug;65(2):265-73.Full text  Abstract

58. Buchfelder M, Schlaffer S. Surgical treatment of pituitary tumours. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Oct;23(5):677-92. Abstract

59. Melmed S, Colao A, Barkan A, et al; Acromegaly Consensus Group. Guidelines for acromegaly management: an update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 May;94(5):1509-17.Full text  Abstract

60. Minniti G, Gilbert DC, Brada M. Modern techniques for pituitary radiotherapy. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2009 Jun;10(2):135-44. Abstract

61. Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Thyroid. 2014 Dec;24(12):1670-751.Full text  Abstract

62. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. AACE, TES, and ATA joint position statement on the use and interchangeability of thyroxine products. December 2004 [internet publication].Full text

63. Jorgensen JO, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Frystyk J, et al. Cotreatment of acromegaly with a somatostatin analog and a growth hormone receptor antagonist. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Oct;90(10):5627-31.Full text  Abstract

64. Wilson SA, Stem LA, Bruehlman RD. Hypothyroidism: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2021 May 15;103(10):605-13. Abstract

65. Schneider R, Reiners C. The effect of levothyroxine therapy on bone mineral density: a systematic review of the literature. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2003 Dec;111(8):455-70. Abstract