Polyarteritis nodosa

Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:1094-1100. Abstract

Mahr A, Guillevin L, Poissonnet M, et al. Prevalences of polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome in a French urban multiethnic population in 2000: a capture-recapture estimate. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51:92-99. Abstract

Colmegna I, Maldonado-Cocco JA. Polyarteritis nodosa revisited. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2005;7:288-296. Abstract

Mukhtyar C, Guillevin L, Cid MC, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Mar;68(3):310-7Full text  Abstract

Ntatsaki E, Carruthers D, Chakravarty K, et al; BSR and BHPR Standards, Guidelines and Audit Working Group. BSR and BHPR guideline for the management of adults with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014 Dec;53(12):2306-9.Full text  Abstract

Jayne D, Rasmussen N, Andrassy K, et al. A randomized trial of maintenance therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 3;349(1):36-44.Full text  Abstract

De Groot K, Rasmussen N, Bacon PA, et al. Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide versus methotrexate for induction of remission in early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Aug;52(8):2461-9.Full text  Abstract

1. Matteson EL, Kluge FJ. Think clearly, be sincere, act calmly: Adolf Kussmaul (February 22, 1822-May 28, 1902) and his relevance to medicine in the 21st century. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2003;15:29-34. Abstract

2. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, et al. Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides: proposal of an international consensus conference. Arthritis Rheum. 1994 Feb;37(2):187-92. Abstract

3. Lightfoot RW Jr, Michel BA, Bloch DA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:1088-1093. Abstract

4. Watts R, Lane S, Hanslik T, et al. Development and validation of a consensus methodology for the classification of the ANCA-associated vasculitides and polyarteritis nodosa for epidemiological studies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:222-227. Abstract

5. Lhote F, Cohen P, Guillevin L. Polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Lupus. 1998;7:238-258. Abstract

6. Lanham JG, Elkon KB, Pusey CD, et al. Systemic vasculitis with asthma and eosinophilia: a clinical approach to the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore). 1984;63:65-81. Abstract

7. Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:1094-1100. Abstract

8. Leavitt RY, Fauci AS, Bloch DA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug;33(8):1101-7. Abstract

9. Henegar C, Pagnoux C, Puechal X, et al. A paradigm of diagnostic criteria for polyarteritis nodosa: analysis of a series of 949 patients with vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:1528-1538.Full text  Abstract

10. Watts RA, Lane SE, Scott DG, et al. Epidemiology of vasculitis in Europe. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001 Dec;60(12):1156-7.Full text  Abstract

11. Watts RA, Scott DG. Epidemiology of vasculitis. In: Bridges L, Ball G, eds. Vasculitis. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2008:7-22.

12. el-Reshaid K, Kapoor MM, el-Reshaid W, et al. The spectrum of renal disease associated with microscopic polyangiitis and classic polyarteritis nodosa in Kuwait. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997;12:1874-1882.Full text  Abstract

13. McMahon BJ, Heyward WL, Templin DW, et al. Hepatitis B-associated polyarteritis nodosa in Alaskan Eskimos: clinical and epidemiologic features and long-term follow-up. Hepatology. 1989;9:97-101. Abstract

14. Koldingsnes W, Nossent H. Epidemiology of Wegener's granulomatosis in northern Norway. Arthritis Rheum. 2000 Nov;43(11):2481-7.Full text  Abstract

15. Mahr A, Guillevin L, Poissonnet M, et al. Prevalences of polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome in a French urban multiethnic population in 2000: a capture-recapture estimate. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51:92-99. Abstract

16. Mohammad AJ, Jacobsson LT, Mahr AD, et al. Prevalence of Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome within a defined population in southern Sweden. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Aug;46(8):1329-37.Full text  Abstract

17. Reinhold-Keller E, Zeidler A, Gutfleisch J, et al. Giant cell arteritis is more prevalent in urban than in rural populations: results of an epidemiological study of primary systemic vasculitides in Germany. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000;39:1396-1402.Full text  Abstract

18. Sönmez HE, Armağan B, Ayan G, et al. Polyarteritis nodosa: lessons from 25 years of experience. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019 Mar-Apr;37 Suppl 117(2):52-56.Full text  Abstract

19. Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gayraud M, et al. Prognostic factors in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: a prospective study in 342 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 1996;75:17-28. Abstract

20. Guillevin L, Mahr A, Callard P, et al. Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa: clinical characteristics, outcome, and impact of treatment in 115 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005;84:313-322. Abstract

21. Guillevin L, Lhote F, Cohen P, et al. Polyarteritis nodosa related to hepatitis B virus: a prospective study with long-term observation of 41 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 1995;74:238-253. Abstract

22. Soufir N, Descamps V, Crickx B, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: a retrospective study of 16 cases. Arch Dermatol. 1999;135:1001-1002. Abstract

23. Pagnoux C, Cohen P, Guillevin L. Vasculitides secondary to infections. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006;24(2 suppl 41):S71-S81. Abstract

24. Fort JG, Griffin R, Tahmoush A, et al. Muscle involvement in polyarteritis nodosa: report of a patient presenting clinically as polymyositis and review of the literature. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:945-948. Abstract

25. Colmegna I, Maldonado-Cocco JA. Polyarteritis nodosa revisited. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2005;7:288-296. Abstract

26. Erhardt A, Sagir A, Guillevin L, et al. Successful treatment of hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa with a combination of prednisolone, alpha-interferon and lamivudine. J Hepatol. 2000;33:677-683. Abstract

27. Wooten MD, Jasin HE. Vasculitis and lymphoproliferative diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1996;26:564-574. Abstract

28. Hasler P, Kistler H, Gerber H. Vasculitides in hairy cell leukemia. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1995;25:134-142. Abstract

29. Nakamura T, Kanazawa N, Ikeda T, et al. Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: revisiting its definition and diagnostic criteria. Arch Dermatol Res. 2009;301:117-121. Abstract

30. Conners EE, Panagiotakopoulos L, Hofmeister MG, et al. Screening and testing for hepatitis B virus infection: CDC recommendations - United States, 2023. MMWR Recomm Rep 2023;72(No. RR-1):1–25.Full text

31. Trepo C, Guillevin L. Polyarteritis nodosa and extrahepatic manifestations of HBV infection: the case against autoimmune intervention in pathogenesis. J Autoimmun. 2001;16:269-274. Abstract

32. Younger DS. Vasculitis of the nervous system. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004;17:317-336. Abstract

33. Gibson LE. Cutaneous vasculitis update. Dermatol Clin. 2001;19:603-615. Abstract

34. Gibson LE, Su WP. Cutaneous vasculitis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1995;21:1097-1113. Abstract

35. Levine SM, Hellmann DB, Stone JH. Gastrointestinal involvement in polyarteritis nodosa (1986-2000): presentation and outcomes in 24 patients. Am J Med. 2002;112:386-391. Abstract

36. Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Cohen P, et al. Presentation and outcome of gastrointestinal involvement in systemic necrotizing vasculitides: analysis of 62 patients with polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, or rheumatoid arthritis-associated vasculitis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005;84:115-128. Abstract

37. Stone JH. Polyarteritis nodosa. JAMA. 2002;288:1632-1639. Abstract

38. Ng WF, Chow LT, Lam PW. Localized polyarteritis nodosa of breast - report of two cases and a review of the literature. Histopathology. 1993;23:535-539. Abstract

39. Teichman JM, Mattrey RF, Demby AM, et al. Polyarteritis nodosa presenting as acute orchitis: a case report and review of the literature. J Urol. 1993;149:1139-1140. Abstract

40. Hekali P, Kajander H, Pajari R, et al. Diagnostic significance of angiographically observed visceral aneurysms with regard to polyarteritis nodosa. Acta Radiol. 1991;32:143-148. Abstract

41. Ozaki K, Miyayama S, Ushiogi Y, et al. Renal involvement of polyarteritis nodosa: CT and MR findings. Abdom Imaging. 2009;34:265-270. Abstract

42. Ozcakar ZB, Yalcinkaya F, Fitoz S, et al. Polyarteritis nodosa: successful diagnostic imaging utilizing pulsed and color Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography. Eur J Pediatr. 2006;165:120-123. Abstract

43. Lie JT. Illustrated histopathologic classification criteria for selected vasculitis syndromes. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Classification of Vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:1074-1087. Abstract

44. Jennette JC, Falk RJ. The role of pathology in the diagnosis of systemic vasculitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2007;25(1 suppl 44):S52-S56. Abstract

45. Luqmani RA, Pathare S, Kwok-Fai TL. How to diagnose and treat secondary forms of vasculitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005;19:321-336. Abstract

46. Fain O, Hamidou M, Cacoub P, et al. Vasculitides associated with malignancies: analysis of sixty patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:1473-1480.Full text  Abstract

47. Siegert CE, Macfarlane JD, Hollander AM, et al. Systemic fibromuscular dysplasia masquerading as polyarteritis nodosa. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996;11:1356-1358.Full text  Abstract

48. Deneuville T, Tance Y, Tiev K, et al. Cholesterol crystal emboli presenting as a mononeuropathy [in French]. Rev Med Interne. 2009;30:982-984. Abstract

49. Scolari F, Tardanico R, Zani R, et al. Cholesterol crystal embolism: a recognizable cause of renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36:1089-1109. Abstract

50. Wilson YG, Thornton MJ, Prance SE, et al. Embolisation from atrial myxomas: a cause of acute on chronic limb ischaemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1997;14:502-504. Abstract

51. Ortega-Hernandez OD, Agmon-Levin N, Blank M, et al. The physiopathology of the catastrophic antiphospholipid (Asherson's) syndrome: compelling evidence. J Autoimmun. 2009;32:1-6. Abstract

52. Malecki R, Zdrojowy K, Adamiec R. Thromboangiitis obliterans in the 21st century - a new face of disease. Atherosclerosis. 2009;206:328-334. Abstract

53. Mukhtyar C, Guillevin L, Cid MC, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Mar;68(3):310-7Full text  Abstract

54. Bourgarit A, Le Toumelin P, Pagnoux C, et al. Deaths occurring during the first year after treatment onset for polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome: a retrospective analysis of causes and factors predictive of mortality based on 595 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005;84:323-330. Abstract

55. Cohen RD, Conn DL, Ilstrup DM. Clinical features, prognosis, and response to treatment in polyarteritis. Mayo Clin Proc. 1980;55:146-155. Abstract

56. Gayraud M, Guillevin L, le Toumelin P, et al. Long-term followup of polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome: analysis of four prospective trials including 278 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44:666-675.Full text  Abstract

57. Guillevin L, Jarrousse B, Lok C, et al. Longterm followup after treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss angiitis with comparison of steroids, plasma exchange and cyclophosphamide to steroids and plasma exchange: a prospective randomized trial of 71 patients. The Cooperative Study Group for Polyarteritis Nodosa. J Rheumatol. 1991;18:567-574. Abstract

58. Adu D, Pall A, Luqmani RA, et al. Controlled trial of pulse versus continuous prednisolone and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of systemic vasculitis. QJM. 1997;90:401-409.Full text  Abstract

59. Gayraud M, Guillevin L, Cohen P, et al; French Cooperative Study Group for Vasculitides. Treatment of good-prognosis polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: comparison of steroids and oral or pulse cyclophosphamide in 25 patients. Br J Rheumatol. 1997;36:1290-1297.Full text  Abstract

60. Ntatsaki E, Carruthers D, Chakravarty K, et al; BSR and BHPR Standards, Guidelines and Audit Working Group. BSR and BHPR guideline for the management of adults with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014 Dec;53(12):2306-9.Full text  Abstract

61. Ledingham J, Wilkinson C, Deighton C. British Thoracic Society (BTS) recommendations for assessing risk and managing tuberculosis in patients due to start anti-TNF-alpha treatments. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005;44:1205-1206.Full text  Abstract

62. Guillevin L, Fain O, Lhote F, et al. Lack of superiority of steroids plus plasma exchange to steroids alone in the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial in 78 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 1992;35:208-215. Abstract

63. Guillevin L, Lhote F, Cohen P, et al. Corticosteroids plus pulse cyclophosphamide and plasma exchanges versus corticosteroids plus pulse cyclophosphamide alone in the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome patients with factors predicting poor prognosis: a prospective, randomized trial in sixty-two patients. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38:1638-1645. Abstract

64. Guillevin L, Cohen P, Mahr A, et al. Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic polyangiitis with poor prognosis factors: a prospective trial comparing glucocorticoids and six or twelve cyclophosphamide pulses in sixty-five patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49:93-100.Full text  Abstract

65. Jayne D, Rasmussen N, Andrassy K, et al. A randomized trial of maintenance therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 3;349(1):36-44.Full text  Abstract

66. Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Hamidou MA, et al. Azathioprine or methotrexate maintenance for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2790-2803.Full text  Abstract

67. Metzler C, Miehle N, Manger K, et al. Elevated relapse rate under oral methotrexate versus leflunomide for maintenance of remission in Wegener's granulomatosis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46:1087-1091.Full text  Abstract

68. Langford CA, Talar-Williams C, Barron KS, et al. Use of a cyclophosphamide-induction methotrexate-maintenance regimen for the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis: extended follow-up and rate of relapse. Am J Med. 2003;114:463-469. Abstract

69. Guillevin L, Pagnoux C. When should immunosuppressants be prescribed to treat systemic vasculitides? Intern Med. 2003;42:313-317.Full text  Abstract

70. Ribi C, Cohen P, Pagnoux C, et al; French Vasculitis Study Group. Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic polyangiitis without poor-prognosis factors: a prospective randomized study of one hundred twenty-four patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:1186-1197.Full text  Abstract

71. Puéchal X, Pagnoux C, Baron G, et al. Adding Azathioprine to Remission-Induction Glucocorticoids for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss), Microscopic Polyangiitis, or Polyarteritis Nodosa Without Poor Prognosis Factors: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Nov;69(11):2175-2186.Full text  Abstract

72. de Groot K, Muhler M, Reinhold-Keller E, et al. Induction of remission in Wegener's granulomatosis with low dose methotrexate. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:492-495. Abstract

73. De Groot K, Rasmussen N, Bacon PA, et al. Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide versus methotrexate for induction of remission in early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Aug;52(8):2461-9.Full text  Abstract

74. Stone JH, Tun W, Hellman DB. Treatment of non-life threatening Wegener's granulomatosis with methotrexate and daily prednisone as the initial therapy of choice. J Rheumatol. 1999;26:1134-1139. Abstract

75. Cheng AL. Steroid-free chemotherapy decreases the risk of hepatitis flare-up in hepatitis B virus carriers with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood. 1996;87:1202.Full text  Abstract

76. Hoofnagle JH, Davis GL, Pappas SC, et al. A short course of prednisolone in chronic type B hepatitis: report of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:12-17. Abstract

77. Lam KC, Lai CL, Trepo C, et al. Deleterious effect of prednisolone in HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. N Engl J Med. 1981;304:380-386. Abstract

78. de Jongh FE, Janssen HL, de Man RA, et al. Survival and prognostic indicators in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive cirrhosis of the liver. Gastroenterology. 1992;103:1630-1635. Abstract

79. Hsu YS, Chien RN, Yeh CT, et al. Long-term outcome after spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2002;35:1522-1527.Full text  Abstract

80. Realdi G, Fattovich G, Hadziyannis S, et al. Survival and prognostic factors in 366 patients with compensated cirrhosis type B: a multicenter study. The Investigators of the European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis (EUROHEP). J Hepatol. 1994;21:656-666. Abstract

81. Chalopin JM, Rifle G, Turc JM, et al. Immunological findings during successful treatment of HBsAg-associated polyarteritis nodosa by plasmapheresis alone. Br Med J. 1980;280:368.Full text  Abstract

82. Guillevin L, Lhote F, Leon A, et al. Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa related to hepatitis B virus with short term steroid therapy associated with antiviral agents and plasma exchanges: a prospective trial in 33 patients. J Rheumatol. 1993;20:289-298. Abstract

83. Guillevin L, Lhote F, Sauvaget F, et al. Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa related to hepatitis B virus with interferon-alpha and plasma exchanges. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994;53:334-337.Full text  Abstract

84. Liaw YF, Sung JJ, Chow WC, et al. Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med. 2004 Oct 7;351(15):1521-31.Full text  Abstract

85. Guillevin L, Mahr A, Cohen P, et al. Short-term corticosteroids then lamivudine and plasma exchanges to treat hepatitis B virus-related polyarteritis nodosa. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51:482-487.Full text  Abstract

86. Pagnoux C, Quéméneur T, Ninet J, et al. Treatment of systemic necrotizing vasculitides in patients aged sixty-five years or older: results of a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial of corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide-based induction therapy. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:1117-1127.Full text  Abstract

87. Asano Y, Ihn H, Maekawa T, et al. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin infusion in polyarteritis nodosa: report on one case and review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol. 2006;25:396-398. Abstract

88. Gonzàlez-Fernàndez MA, Garcia-Consuegra J. Polyarteritis nodosa resistant to conventional treatment in a pediatric patient. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41:885-890. Abstract

89. Kroiss M, Hohenleutner U, Gruss C, et al. Transient and partial effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in polyarteritis nodosa. Dermatology. 2001;203:188-189. Abstract

90. Balbir-Gurman A, Nahir AM, Braun-Moscovici Y. Intravenous immunoglobulins in polyarteritis nodosa restricted to the limbs: case reports and review of the literature. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2007;25(1 suppl 44):S28-S30. Abstract

91. Gedalia A, Correa H, Kaiser M, et al. Case report: steroid sparing effect of intravenous gamma globulin in a child with necrotizing vasculitis. Am J Med Sci. 1995;309:226-228. Abstract

92. Boman S, Ballen JL, Seggev JS. Dramatic responses to intravenous immunoglobulin in vasculitis. J Intern Med. 1995;238:375-377. Abstract

93. Meyts I, Aksentijevich I. Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 (DADA2): Updates on the Phenotype, Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Treatment. J Clin Immunol. 2018 Jul;38(5):569-578.Full text  Abstract

94. Wu K, Throssell D. A new treatment for polyarteritis nodosa. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:1710-1712.Full text  Abstract

95. Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial (WGET) Research Group. Etanercept plus standard therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:351-361.Full text  Abstract

96. Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, et al; RAVE-ITN Research Group. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:221-232.Full text  Abstract

97. Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Karras A, et al; French Vasculitis Study Group. Rituximab versus azathioprine for maintenance in ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1771-1780.Full text  Abstract

98. Sonomoto K, Miyamura T, Watanabe H, et al. A case of polyarteritis nodosa successfully treated by rituximab. Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. 2008;31:119-123. Abstract

99. Seri Y, Shoda H, Hanata N, et al. A case of refractory polyarteritis nodosa successfully treated with rituximab. Mod Rheumatol. 2015 Mar 12 [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract

100. Ribeiro E, Cressend T, Duffau P, et al. Rituximab efficacy during a refractory polyarteritis nodosa flare. Case Rep Med. 2009;2009:738293.Full text  Abstract

101. Pattullo V. Hepatitis B reactivation in the setting of chemotherapy and immunosuppression - prevention is better than cure. World J Hepatol. 2015;7:954-967.Full text  Abstract

102. Wicki J, Olivieri J, Pizzolato G, et al. Successful treatment of polyarteritis nodosa related to hepatitis B virus with a combination of lamivudine and interferon alpha. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999;38:183-185.Full text  Abstract

103. American College of Rheumatology. 2022 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guideline for vaccinations in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Full text

104. Pagnoux C, Seror R, Henegar C, et al; French Vasculitis Study Group. Clinical features and outcomes in 348 patients with polyarteritis nodosa: a systematic retrospective study of patients diagnosed between 1963 and 2005 and entered into the French Vasculitis Study Group Database. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:616-626.Full text  Abstract

105. Selga D, Mohammad A, Sturfelt G, et al. Polyarteritis nodosa when applying the Chapel Hill nomenclature - a descriptive study on ten patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45:1276-1281.Full text  Abstract

106. Agard C, Mouthon L, Mahr A, et al. Microscopic polyangiitis and polyarteritis nodosa: how and when do they start? Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49:709-715.Full text  Abstract

107. Luqmani RA, Bacon PA, Moots RJ, et al. Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) in systemic necrotizing vasculitis. QJM. 1994;87:671-678. Abstract

108. Edwards WH Jr, Martin RS 3rd, Edwards WH Sr, et al. Surviving gastrointestinal infarction due to polyarteritis nodosa: a rare event. Am Surg. 1992;58:167-172. Abstract

109. Guillevin L, Le Thi Huong D, Godeau P, et al. Clinical findings and prognosis of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss angiitis: a study in 165 patients. Br J Rheumatol. 1988 Aug;27(4):258-64. Abstract

110. Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gallais V, et al. Gastrointestinal tract involvement in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Ann Med Interne (Paris). 1995;146:260-267. Abstract

111. Travers RL, Allison DJ, Brettle RP, et al. Polyarteritis nodosa: a clinical and angiographic analysis of 17 cases. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1979;8:184-199. Abstract

112. Zizic TM, Classen JN, Stevens MB. Acute abdominal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus and polyarteritis nodosa. Am J Med. 1982;73:525-531. Abstract

113. Gluck T. Vaccinate your immunocompromised patients! Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45:9-10.Full text  Abstract

114. Darras-Joly C, Lortholary O, Cohen P, et al. Regressing microaneurysms in 5 cases of hepatitis B virus related polyarteritis nodosa. J Rheumatol. 1995;22:876-880. Abstract

115. Ognenovski VM, Marder W, Somers EC, et al. Increased incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:1763-1767. Abstract