Summary
Definition
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- impaired mental status
- drowsiness, slurred speech, ataxia
- coma
- respiratory depression
其他诊断因素
- decreased deep tendon reflexes
- nystagmus
- paradoxical stimulation
危险因素
- depression
- history of illicit drug or alcohol use
- comorbidity
- drug interaction
- biogenetic susceptibility
- history of benzodiazepine (BZD) use
- history of polydrug or unknown substance ingestion
- suicidal ideation or behavior
- older age
诊断性检查
首要检查
- pulse oximetry
- CBC
- serum chemistry panel with blood glucose
- plasma acetaminophen concentration
- serum ethanol
- urine toxicology screen
- ECG
治疗流程
all patients
撰稿人
专家顾问
Paul M. Gahlinger, MD, PhD, MPH
General Practitioner
Occupational Medicine
Saint Agnes Medical Center
Fresno
CA
利益声明
PMG declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Linda Peng, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
HMC Improving Addiction Care Team (IMPACT) Lead
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland
OR
利益声明
LP declares that she has no competing interests.
Kenneth Katz, MD, FACMT, FAAEM, FACEP
Emergency Medicine Physician
Lehigh Valley Physician Group
Allentown
PA
利益声明
KK declares that he has no competing interests.
Ruben Thanacoody, MD, FRCP (Edin)
Consultant Physician/Honorary Senior Lecturer
Regional Drugs and Therapeutics Centre
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
UK
利益声明
RT declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
Lavonas EJ, Akpunonu PD, Arens AM, et al. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on the management of patients with cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2023 Oct 17;148(16):e149-84.全文 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Alcohol or other sedative or hypnotic drug overdose
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyponatremia
More DifferentialsGuidelines
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- Deprescribing benzodiazepine receptor agonists: evidence-based clinical practice guideline
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Anxiety
Benzodiazepine overdose
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