Benzodiazepine overdose

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Last reviewed: 22 Sep 2025
Last updated: 03 Oct 2025

Summary

Definition

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • impaired mental status
  • drowsiness, slurred speech, ataxia
  • coma
  • respiratory depression
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • decreased deep tendon reflexes
  • nystagmus
  • paradoxical stimulation
完整详情

危险因素

  • depression
  • history of illicit drug or alcohol use
  • comorbidity
  • drug interaction
  • biogenetic susceptibility
  • history of benzodiazepine (BZD) use
  • history of polydrug or unknown substance ingestion
  • suicidal ideation or behavior
  • older age
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • pulse oximetry
  • CBC
  • serum chemistry panel with blood glucose
  • plasma acetaminophen concentration
  • serum ethanol
  • urine toxicology screen
  • ECG
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

all patients

撰稿人

专家顾问

Paul M. Gahlinger, MD, PhD, MPH

General Practitioner

Occupational Medicine

Saint Agnes Medical Center

Fresno

CA

利益声明

PMG declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Linda Peng, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

HMC Improving Addiction Care Team (IMPACT) Lead

Oregon Health & Science University

Portland

OR

利益声明

LP declares that she has no competing interests.

Kenneth Katz, MD, FACMT, FAAEM, FACEP

Emergency Medicine Physician

Lehigh Valley Physician Group

Allentown

PA

利益声明

KK declares that he has no competing interests.

Ruben Thanacoody, MD, FRCP (Edin)

Consultant Physician/Honorary Senior Lecturer

Regional Drugs and Therapeutics Centre

Newcastle-upon-Tyne

UK

利益声明

RT declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Lavonas EJ, Akpunonu PD, Arens AM, et al. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on the management of patients with cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2023 Oct 17;148(16):e149-84.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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  • Patient information

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