When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Superficial vein thrombosis

Última revisão: 9 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 08 Mar 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • previous superficial vein thrombosis (SVT), deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism
  • redness/erythema of overlying skin
  • hot/warm overlying skin
  • painful/tender over affected vein
  • swelling/edema of surrounding area
  • cord-like mass palpable
  • development of symptoms over hours to days
  • signs/symptoms of concomitant DVT or PE
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • varicose veins
  • history of thrombophilic disorders
  • autoimmune diseases (e.g., Behcet and Buerger disease)
  • recent vein instrumentation (e.g., sclerotherapy)
  • recent vein catheterization and intravenous drug administration
  • low-grade fever
  • pigmentation changes
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • varicose veins
  • thrombophilic disorders
  • autoimmune diseases (e.g., Behcet and Buerger disease)
  • prior history of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT)
  • female sex
  • sclerotherapy
  • intravenous catheterization
  • malignancy
  • pregnancy
  • use of oral contraceptives (OCPs) and hormonal replacement therapy
  • older age
  • history of prior venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and PE
  • obesity
  • prolonged immobilization (e.g., long-haul air travel)
  • blood type
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • Doppler ultrasonography
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • biopsy
  • pulmonary CT angiography
  • ventilation perfusion (VQ) scan
  • conventional pulmonary angiography
  • assessment for malignancy
  • thrombophilia screening
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

Inicial

extension into the femoral vein or popliteal vein, thrombus ≤3 from the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction, or concomitant DVT or PE

AGUDA

nonpregnant: SVT ≥5 cm in length within axial superficial vein and >3 cm from the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction

nonpregnant: SVT <5 cm in length within axial superficial vein or thrombus within tributary varicose veins only

pregnant: SVT (any size) within axial or tributary vein

CONTÍNUA

incompetent saphenous vein with associated varicose veins or recurrent SVT

Colaboradores

Autores

Sherry Scovell, MD, FACS

Vascular and Endovascular Surgeon

Massachusetts General Hospital

Assistant Professor of Surgery, Part Time

Harvard Medical School

Boston

MA

Declarações

SS is an author for UpToDate, which is compensated. SS declares that she has no conflicts of interest with medical or pharmaceutical companies.

Agradecimentos

Dr Sherry Scovell would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Vicky Tagalakis, a previous contributor to this topic.

Declarações

VT has received reimbursement for advisory board work for Servier and Pzifer. Both of these companies are makers of anticoagulants. VT has received an investigator-initiated grant from Sanofi, manufacturer of Enoxaparin.

Revisores

Francois Becker, MD, PhD

Consultant

Division of Angiology and Hemostasis

University Hospital of Geneva

Geneva

Switzerland

Declarações

FB declares that he has no competing interests.

Michael Bromberg, MD, PhD

Professor of Medicine

Section of Hematology

Director of Hematologic Malignancies

Temple University School of Medicine

Philadelphia

PA

Declarações

MB declares that he has no competing interests.

Louis Aledort, MD

The Mary Weinfeld Professor of Clinical Research in Hemophilia

Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York

NY

Declarações

LA declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

Stevens SM, Woller SC, Kreuziger LB, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: second update of the CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2021 Dec;160(6):e545-608.Texto completo  Resumo

Kakkos SK, Gohel M, Baekgaard N, et al. Editor's Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2021 clinical practice guidelines on the management of venous thrombosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2021 Jan;61(1):9-82.Texto completo  Resumo

Thrombosis Canada. Superficial thrombophlebitis, superficial vein thrombosis. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

Di Nisio M, Wichers IM, Middeldorp S. Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 25;(2):CD004982.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Superficial vein thrombosis images
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Deep vein thrombosis
    • Cellulitis
    • Lymphedema
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • Superficial thrombophlebitis, superficial vein thrombosis
    • Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: second update of the CHEST guideline and expert panel report​
    Mais Diretrizes
  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

    Deep vein thrombosis

    Varicose veins

    Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
  • padlock-lockedConectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice

O uso deste conteúdo está sujeito ao nosso aviso legal