Mitral stenosis

References

Key articles

Stollerman GH. Rheumatogenic streptococci and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1991 Nov;61(2 Pt 1):131-42. Abstract

Fawzy ME, Choi WB, Mimish L, et al. Immediate and long-term effect of mitral balloon valvotomy on left ventricular volume and systolic function in severe mitral stenosis. Am Heart J. 1996 Aug;132(2 Pt 1):356-60. Abstract

Writing Committee Members; Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Feb 2;77(4):e25-197.Full text  Abstract

Writing Committee Members; Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Feb 2;77(4):e25-197.Full text  Abstract

Wilkins GT, Weyman AE, Abascal VM, et al. Percutaneous balloon dilatation of the mitral valve: an analysis of echocardiographic variables related to outcome and the mechanism of dilation. Br Heart J. 1988 Oct;60(4):299-308.Full text  Abstract

Reyes VP, Raju Bs, Wynne J, et al. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty compared with open surgical commissurotomy for mitral stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1994 Oct 13;331(15):961-7.Full text  Abstract

Subbarao KS, Nachiappan M, Irineu AP. Transventricular mitral commissurotomy in critical mitral stenosis during pregnancy. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2004 Sep;12(3):233-5. Abstract

Palacios IF, Sanchez PL, Harrell LC, et al. Which patients benefit from percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty? Prevalvuloplasty and postvalvuloplasty variables that predict long-term outcome. Circulation. 2002;105:1465-1471.Full text  Abstract

Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, et al. 2015 ESC guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2015 Nov 21;36(44):3075-3128.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

1. Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, et al. The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005 Nov;5(11):685-94. Abstract

2. Watkins DA, Johnson CO, Colquhoun SM, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatic heart disease, 1990-2015. N Engl J Med. 2017 Aug 24;377(8):713-22.Full text  Abstract

3. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Dec 22;76(25):2982-3021.Full text  Abstract

4. Miyake CY, Gauvreau K, Tani LY, et al. Characteristics of children discharged from hospitals in the United States in 2000 with the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. Pediatrics. 2007 Sep;120(3):503-8. Abstract

5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Group A Streptococcal disease. Acute rheumatic fever. July 2018 [internet publication].Full text

6. Stollerman GH. Rheumatogenic streptococci and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1991 Nov;61(2 Pt 1):131-42. Abstract

7. Smoot JC, Barbian KD, Van Gompel JJ, et al. Genome sequence and comparative microarray analysis of serotype M18 group A Streptococcus strains associated with acute rheumatic fever outbreaks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002 Apr 2;99(7):4668-73.Full text  Abstract

8. Tandon R, Sharma M, Chandrashekhar Y, et al. Revisiting the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever and carditis. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2013 Mar;10(3):171-7.Full text  Abstract

9. Carabello BA. Modern management of mitral stenosis. Circulation. 2005 Jul 19;112(3):432-7.Full text  Abstract

10. Krasuski RA, Bush A, Kay JE, et al. C-reactive protein elevation independently influences the procedural success of percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy. Am Heart J. 2003 Dec;146(6):1099-104. Abstract

11. Heller SJ, Carelton RA. Abnormal left ventricular contraction in patients with mitral stenosis. Circulation. 1970 Dec;42(6):1099-110.Full text  Abstract

12. Mohan JC, Khalilullah M, Arora R. Left ventricular intrinsic contractility in pure rheumatic mitral stenosis. Am J Cardiol. 1989 Jul 15;64(3):240-2. Abstract

13. Hilder FJ, Javier RP, Cohen LS, et al. Myocardial dysfunction associated with valvular heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 1972 Sep;30(4):319-26. Abstract

14. Gash AK, Carabello BA, Cepin D, et al. Left ventricular ejection performance and systolic muscle function in patients with mitral stenosis. Circulation. 1983 Jan;67(1):148-54.Full text  Abstract

15. Fawzy ME, Choi WB, Mimish L, et al. Immediate and long-term effect of mitral balloon valvotomy on left ventricular volume and systolic function in severe mitral stenosis. Am Heart J. 1996 Aug;132(2 Pt 1):356-60. Abstract

16. Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P, et al. Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association. Pediatrics. 1995 Oct;96(4 Pt 1):758-64. Abstract

17. Soler-Soler J, Galve E. Worldwide perspective of valve disease. Heart. 2000 Jun;83(6):721-5.Full text  Abstract

18. Gardin JM, Schumacher D, Constantine G, et al. Valvular abnormalities and cardiovascular status following exposure to dexfenfluramine or phentermine/fenfluramine. JAMA. 2000 Apr 5;283(13):1703-9.Full text  Abstract

19. Roldan CA, Shively BK, Crawford MH. An echocardiographic study of valvular heart disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med. 1996 Nov 7;335(19):1424-30.Full text  Abstract

20. Kyle RA. Amyloidosis. Circulation. 1995 Feb 15;91(4):1269-71.Full text  Abstract

21. Writing Committee Members; Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Feb 2;77(4):e25-197.Full text  Abstract

22. Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 28 Aug 2021 [Epub ahead of print].Full text  Abstract

23. Gorlin R, Gorlin SG. Hydraulic formula for calculation of area of the stenotic mitral valve, other cardiac valves, and central circulatory shunts. I. Am Heart J. 1951 Jan;41(1):1-29. Abstract

24. American Heart Association. Guidelines for the diagnosis of rheumatic fever. Jones Criteria, 1992 update. Special Writing Group of the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young of the American Heart Association. JAMA. 1992 Oct 21;268(15):2069-73. [Erratum in: JAMA. 1993 Jan 27;269(4):476.] Abstract

25. Writing Committee Members; Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Feb 2;77(4):e25-197.Full text  Abstract

26. Wilkins GT, Weyman AE, Abascal VM, et al. Percutaneous balloon dilatation of the mitral valve: an analysis of echocardiographic variables related to outcome and the mechanism of dilation. Br Heart J. 1988 Oct;60(4):299-308.Full text  Abstract

27. Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Nov 30;144(22):e368-454.Full text  Abstract

28. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Heart valve disease presenting in adults: investigation and management. Nov 2021 [internet publication].Full text

29. Reyes VP, Raju Bs, Wynne J, et al. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty compared with open surgical commissurotomy for mitral stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1994 Oct 13;331(15):961-7.Full text  Abstract

30. Ben Farhat M, Ayari M, Maatouk F, et al. Percutaneous balloon versus surgical closed and open mitral commissurotomy: seven-year follow-up results of a randomized trial. Circulation. 1998 Jan 27;97(3):245-50.Full text  Abstract

31. Cardoso LF, Grinberg M, Rati MA, et al. Comparison between percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty and randomized study. Cardiology. 2002;98(4):186-90. Abstract

32. Vongpatanasin W, Hillis LD, Lange RA. Prosthetic heart valves. N Engl J Med. 1996 Aug 8;335(6):407-16. Abstract

33. Saggu DK, Narain VS, Dwivedi SK, et al. Effect of ivabradine on heart rate and duration of exercise in patients with mild-to-moderate mitral stenosis: a randomized comparison with metoprolol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2015 Jun;65(6):552-4.Full text  Abstract

34. Parakh N, Chaturvedi V, Kurian S, et al. Effect of ivabradine vs atenolol on heart rate and effort tolerance in patients with mild to moderate mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm. J Card Fail. 2012 Apr;18(4):282-8. Abstract

35. Agrawal V, Kumar N, Lohiya B, et al. Metoprolol vs ivabradine in patients with mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Oct 15;221:562-6. Abstract

36. Henriquez DD, Roos-Hesselink JW, Schalij MJ, et al. Treatment of valvular heart disease during pregnancy for improving maternal and neonatal outcome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 May 11;(5):CD008128.Full text  Abstract

37. Subbarao KS, Nachiappan M, Irineu AP. Transventricular mitral commissurotomy in critical mitral stenosis during pregnancy. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2004 Sep;12(3):233-5. Abstract

38. Palacios IF, Sanchez PL, Harrell LC, et al. Which patients benefit from percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty? Prevalvuloplasty and postvalvuloplasty variables that predict long-term outcome. Circulation. 2002;105:1465-1471.Full text  Abstract

39. Cannan CR, Nishimura RA, Reeder GS, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of commissural calcium: a simple predictor of outcome after percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29:175-180. Abstract

40. Roy SB, Gopinath N. Mitral stenosis. Circulation. 1968;38(suppl):68-76. Abstract

41. Schumacher B, Luderitz B. Rate issues in atrial fibrillation: consequences of tachycardia and therapy for rate control. Am J Cardiol. 1998 Oct 16;82(8A):29N-36N. Abstract

42. Kellogg F, Liu CK, Fishman IW, et al. Systemic and pulmonary emboli before and after mitral commissurotomy. Circulation. 1961 Aug;24:263-6.Full text  Abstract

43. Levine HJ, Pauker SG, Eckman MH. Antithrombotic therapy in valvular heart disease. Chest. 1995 Oct;108(4 suppl):360S-70S. Abstract

44. Chiang CW, Lo SK, Ko YS, et al. Predictors of systemic embolism in patients with mitral stenosis: a prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Jun 1;128(11):885-9. Abstract

45. Pérez-Gómez F, Salvador A, Zumalde J, et al. Effect of antithrombotic therapy in patients with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation: a sub-analysis of NASPEAF randomized trial. Eur Heart J. 2006 Apr;27(8):960-7.Full text  Abstract

46. Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, et al. 2015 ESC guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2015 Nov 21;36(44):3075-3128.Full text  Abstract

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer