References
Key articles
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Spinal injury: assessment and initial management. February 2016 [internet publication].Full text
Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen KL, et al. The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients. JAMA. 2001 Oct 17;286(15):1841-8.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
1. Anderson LD, D'Alonzo RT. Fractures of the odontoid process of the axis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1974 Dec;56(8):1663-74. Abstract
2. Levine AM, Edwards CC. Traumatic lesions of the occipitoatlantoaxial complex. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989 Feb;(239):53-68. Abstract
3. Vaccaro AR, Koerner JD, Radcliff KE, et al. AOSpine subaxial cervical spine injury classification system. Eur Spine J. 2016 Jul;25(7):2173-84. Abstract
4. Department of Transport. Reported road casualties in Great Britain: 2019 annual report. September 2020 [internet publication].Full text
5. Chappuis G, Soltermann B. Number and cost of claims linked to minor cervical trauma in Europe: results from the comparative study by CEA, AREDOC and CEREDOC. Eur Spine J. 2008 Oct;17(10):1350-7.Full text Abstract
6. Singh A, Tetreault L, Kalsi-Ryan S, et al. Global prevalence and incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Clin Epidemiol. 2014 Sep 23;6:309-31.Full text Abstract
7. Freeman MD, Nystrom A, Centeno C. Chronic whiplash and central sensitization: an evaluation of the role of myofascial trigger points in pain modulation. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2009 Apr 23;4:2.Full text Abstract
8. Kaneoka K, Ono K, Inami S, et al. Motion analysis of cervical vertebrae during whiplash loading. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999 Apr 15;24(8):763-9. Abstract
9. Pirouzmand F. Epidemiological trends of spine and spinal cord injuries in the largest Canadian adult trauma center from 1986 to 2006. J Neurosurg Spine. 2010 Feb;12(2):131-40. Abstract
10. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Spinal injury: assessment and initial management. February 2016 [internet publication].Full text
11. Siegmund GP, Winkelstein BA, Ivancic PC, et al. The anatomy and biomechanics of acute and chronic whiplash injury. Traffic Inj Prev. 2009 Apr;10(2):101-12. Abstract
12. Dolinis J. Risk factors for 'whiplash' in drivers: a cohort study of rear-end traffic crashes. Injury. 1997 Apr;28(3):173-9 Abstract
13. Iida H, Tachibana S, Kitahara T, et al. Association of head trauma with cervical spine injury, spinal cord injury, or both. J Trauma. 1999 Mar;46(3):450-2. Abstract
14. Svensson MY, Isaksson-Hellman I, Jakobsson L, et al. Analysis of different head and neck responses in rear-end car collisions using a new humanlike mathematical model. Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts (IRCOBI), Lyon, France. SAE Technical Paper 1994-13-0007, 1994. Bron, France: International Research Council on Biokinetics of Impact; 1994.
15. Sturzenegger M, DiStefano G, Radanov BP, et al. Presenting symptoms and signs after whiplash injury: the influence of accident mechanisms. Neurology. 1994 Apr;44(4):688-93. Abstract
16. Khan S, Bannister G, Gargan M, et al. Prognosis following a second whiplash injury. Injury. 2000 May;31(4):249-51. Abstract
17. Bunc G, Vorsic M. Presentation of a previously asymptomatic Chiari I malformation by a flexion injury to the neck. J Neurotrauma. 2001 Jun;18(6):645-8. Abstract
18. Freeman MD, Croft AC, Nicodemus CN, et al. Significant spinal injury resulting from low-level accelerations: a case series of roller coaster injuries. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Nov;86(11):2126-30. Abstract
19. Pocket ICU management. ATLS algorithms. April 2010 [internet publication].Full text
20. Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen KL, et al. The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients. JAMA. 2001 Oct 17;286(15):1841-8.Full text Abstract
21. Royal College of Emergency Medicine. Guideline on the management of alert, adult patients with potential cervical spine injury in the emergency department. November 2010 [internet publication].Full text
22. British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma (BOAST). Spinal clearance in the trauma patient. January 2015 [internet publication].Full text
23. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Spinal injury: assessment and initial management. Methods, evidence and recommendations. February 2016 [internet publication].Full text
24. Hoffman JR, Schriger DL, Mower W, et al. Low-risk criteria for cervical-spine radiography in blunt trauma: a prospective study. Ann Emerg Med. 1992 Dec;21(12):1454-60. Abstract
25. Royal College of Emergency Medicine. Exclusion of significant cervical spine injury in alert, adult patients with potential blunt neck trauma in the emergency department. November 2010 [internet publication].Full text
26. Moeri M, Rothenfluh DA, Laux CJ, et al. Cervical spine clearance after blunt trauma: current state of the art. EFORT Open Rev. 2020 May;5(4):253-9.Full text Abstract
27. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Opioids: risk of dependence and addiction. September 2020 [internet publication].Full text
28. Verhagen AP, Scholten-Peeters GG, van Wijngaarden S, et al. Conservative treatments for whiplash. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Apr 18;(2):CD003338.Full text Abstract
29. Royal College of Physicians. National early warning score (NEWS2). Standardising the assessment of acute-illness severity in the NHS. December 2017 [internet publication]Full text
30. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2022 [internet publication]Full text
31. British Thoracic Society; Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma: a national clinical guideline. July 2019 [internet publication].Full text
32. O'Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, et al; British Thoracic Society Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group; BTS Emergency Oxygen Guideline Development Group. BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. Thorax. 2017 Jun;72(suppl 1):ii1-90 Abstract
33. Chu DK, Kim LH, Young PJ, et al. Mortality and morbidity in acutely ill adults treated with liberal versus conservative oxygen therapy (IOTA): systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018 Apr 26;391(10131):1693-705 Abstract
34. Siemieniuk RAC, Chu DK, Kim LH, et al. Oxygen therapy for acutely ill medical patients: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2018 Oct 24;363:k4169Full text Abstract
35. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intravenous fluid therapy in adults in hospital. Clinical guideline CG174. May 2017 [internet publication]Full text
36. Davison SN. Clinical pharmacology considerations in pain management in patients with advanced kidney failure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 Jun 7;14(6):917-31Full text Abstract
37. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Acute kidney injury: prevention, detection and management. December 2019 [internet publication]Full text
38. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2022 [internet publication]Full text
39. Hogervorst VM, Buurman BM, De Jonghe A, et al. Emergency department management of older people living with frailty: a guide for emergency practitioners. Emerg Med J. 2021 Sep;38(9):724-9 Abstract
40. NHS England. Toolkit for general practice in supporting older people living with frailty. March 2017 [internet publication]Full text
41. Rockwood K; British Geriatrics Society. Silver book II: frailty. February 2021 [internet publication]Full text
42. Royal College of Physicians. Acute care toolkit 3. Acute care for older people living with frailty. December 2020 [internet publication]Full text
43. Wallis SJ, Wall J, Biram RW, et al. Association of the clinical frailty scale with hospital outcomes. QJM. 2015 Dec;108(12):943-9Full text Abstract
44. Conroy SP, Bardsley M, Smith P, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for frail older people in acute hospitals: the HoW-CGA mixed-methods study. Health Services and Delivery Research. 2019 April:7(15)Full text
45. Quinn TJ, Mooijaart SP, Gallacher K, et al. Acute care assessment of older adults living with frailty. BMJ. 2019 Jan 31;364:l13 Abstract
46. The Trauma Audit & Research Network. Major trauma in older people. 2017 [internet publication]Full text
47. Kwan I, Bunn F, Roberts I. Spinal immobilisation for trauma patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;2001(2):CD002803Full text Abstract
48. Hawkins NM, Virani S, Ceconi C. Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the challenges facing physicians and health services. Eur Heart J. 2013 Sep;34(36):2795-803Full text Abstract
49. Grigorian A, Sugimoto M, Joe V, et al. Pressure ulcer in trauma patients: a higher spinal cord injury level leads to higher risk. J Am Coll Clin Wound Spec. 2017;9(1-3):24-31.e1Full text Abstract
50. Peck GE, Shipway DJH, Tsang K, et al. Cervical spine immobilisation in the elderly: a literature review. Br J Neurosurg. 2018 Jun;32(3):286-90 Abstract
51. Nakanishi T, Mitra B, Ackland H, et al. Time in collars and collar-related complications in older patients. World Neurosurg. 2019 Sep;129:e478-84 Abstract
52. Department of Health. Mental Capacity Act 2005 [internet publication]Full text
53. Social Care Institute for Excellence. Independent mental capacity advocate (IMCA). 2011 [internet publication]Full text
54. Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, et al. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2011 Apr;21(2):69-72 Abstract
55. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13 Abstract
56. Boden JM, Fergusson DM. Alcohol and depression. Addiction. 2011 Mar 7;106(5):906-14Full text Abstract
57. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Liaison psychiatry. In: Emergency acute medical care in over 16s: service delivery and organisation. March 2018 [internet publication]Full text
58. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD). Treat as one. Bridging the gap between mental and physical healthcare in general hospitals. 2017 [internet publication]Full text
59. Nickel C, Arendts G, Lucke J, et al; British Geriatrics Society. Silver book II: geriatric syndromes. February 2021 [internet publication]Full text
60. Pendlebury ST, Klaus SP, Mather M, et al. Routine cognitive screening in older patients admitted to acute medicine: abbreviated mental test score (AMTS) and subjective memory complaint versus Montreal Cognitive Assessment and IQCODE. Age Ageing. 2015 Oct 13;44(6):1000-5Full text Abstract
61. Hodkinson HM. Evaluation of a mental test score for assessment of mental impairment in the elderly. Age Ageing. 1972 Nov;1(4):233-8 Abstract
62. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Delirium: diagnosis, prevention and management. March 2019 [internet publication]Full text
63. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dementia: assessment, management and support for people living with dementia and their carers. June 2018 [internet publication]Full text
64. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Risk reduction and management of delirium. March 2019 [internet publication]Full text
65. Bellelli G, Morandi A, Davis DH, et al. Validation of the 4AT, a new instrument for rapid delirium screening: a study in 234 hospitalised older people. Age Ageing. 2014 Mar 2;43(4):496-502Full text Abstract
66. MacLullich AM, Shenkin SD, Goodacre S, et al. The 4 'A's test for detecting delirium in acute medical patients: a diagnostic accuracy study. Health Technol Assess. 2019 Aug;23(40):1-194Full text Abstract
67. Fritz Z, Slowther AM, Perkins GD. Resuscitation policy should focus on the patient, not the decision. BMJ. 2017 Feb 28;356:j813Full text Abstract
68. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Decision making and mental capacity. October 2018 [internet publication]Full text
69. Office of the Public Guardian. Mental Capacity Act: making decisions. October 2014 [internet publiction]Full text
70. Joint British Diabetes Societies for inpatient care. The management of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults. June 2021 [internet publication]Full text
71. Joint British Diabetes Societies for inpatient care. The management of the hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) in adults. February 2022 [internet publication]Full text
72. Chowdhury TA, Cheston H, Claydon A. Managing adults with diabetes in hospital during an acute illness. BMJ. 2017 Jun 22;357:j2551 Abstract
73. Joint British Diabetes Societies for inpatient care. Self-management of diabetes in hospital. August 2021 [internet publication]Full text
74. Joint British Diabetes Societies for inpatient care. Glycaemic management during the inpatient enteral feeding of stroke patients with diabetes. November 2019 [internet publication]Full text
75. Joint British Diabetes Societies for inpatient care. The use of variable rate intravenous insulin infusion (VRIII) in medical inpatients. October 2014 [internet publication]Full text
76. Joint British Diabetes Societies for inpatient care. A good inpatient diabetes service. July 2019 [internet publication]Full text
77. Centre for Perioperative Care. Guideline for perioperative care for people with diabetes mellitus undergoing elective and emergency surgery. March 2021 [internet publication]Full text
78. Pasquel FJ, Lansang MC, Dhatariya K, et al. Management of diabetes and hyperglycaemia in the hospital. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Mar;9(3):174-88Full text Abstract
79. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. SGLT2 inhibitors: monitor ketones in blood during treatment interruption for surgical procedures or acute serious medical illness. March 2020 [internet publication]Full text
80. Peters AL, Buschur EO, Buse JB, et al. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a potential complication of treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition. Diabetes Care. 2015 Jun 15;38(9):1687-93 Abstract
81. American Diabetes Association. 16. Diabetes care in the hospital: standards of medical care in diabetes - 2022. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jan 1;45(suppl 1):S244-S253.Full text Abstract
82. Joint British Diabetes Societies for inpatient care. A good inpatient diabetes service. July 2019 [internet publication]Full text
83. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management. March 2022 [internet publication]Full text
84. Joint British Diabetes Societies for inpatient care. Inpatient care of the frail older adult with diabetes. 2019 [internet publication]Full text
85. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1359-67Full text Abstract
86. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators; Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1283-97.Full text Abstract
87. Marik PE, Preiser JC. Toward understanding tight glycemic control in the ICU: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest. 2010 Mar;137(3):544-51Full text Abstract
88. Rehman A, Setter SM, Vue MH. Drug-induced glucose alterations part 2: drug-Induced hyperglycemia. Diabetes Spect. 2011 Nov;24(4):234-8Full text
89. NHS Digital. National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (NaDIA) - 2019. Nov 2020 [internet publication]Full text
90. Joint British Diabetes Societies for inpatient care. The hospital management of hypoglycaemia in adults with diabetes mellitus. March 2022 [internet publication]Full text
91. TREND Diabetes. End of life guidance for diabetes care. November 2021 [internet publication]Full text
92. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. October 2019 [internet publication]Full text
93. Rayman G, Vas PR, Baker N, et al. The Ipswich Touch Test: a simple and novel method to identify inpatients with diabetes at risk of foot ulceration. Diabetes Care. 2011 May 18;34(7):1517-8Full text Abstract
94. Hsu CY, Ordoñez JD, Chertow GM, et al. The risk of acute renal failure in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2008 Apr 2;74(1):101-7Full text Abstract
95. Nova Scotia Health Authority. This is not my Mom. 2012 [internet publication]Full text
96. Inouye SK, Schlesinger MJ, Lydon TJ. Delirium: a symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window to improve quality of hospital care. Am J Med. 1999 May;106(5):565-73 Abstract
97. White S, Griffiths R, Baxter M, et al. Guidelines for the peri-operative care of people with dementia: guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2019 Jan 11;74(3):357-72Full text Abstract
98. Siddiqi N, Harrison JK, Clegg A, et al. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 11;3:CD005563Full text Abstract
99. Martinez F, Tobar C, Hill N. Preventing delirium: should non-pharmacological, multicomponent interventions be used? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Age Ageing. 2014 Nov 25;44(2):196-204Full text Abstract
100. Public Health England. Urinary tract infection: diagnostic tools for primary care. October 2020 [internet publication]Full text
101. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Haloperidol (haldol): reminder of risks when used in elderly patients for the acute treatment of delirium. 2021 [internet publication]Full text
102. Ma H, Huang Y, Cong Z, et al. The efficacy and safety of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of dementia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42(3):915-37 Abstract
103. Huybrechts KF, Gerhard T, Crystal S, et al. Differential risk of death in older residents in nursing homes prescribed specific antipsychotic drugs: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2012 Feb 23;344:e977Full text Abstract
104. Van Leeuwen E, Petrovic M, van Driel ML, et al. Withdrawal versus continuation of long-term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 30;3:CD007726Full text Abstract
105. Grau AJ, Urbanek C, Palm F. Common infections and the risk of stroke. Nat Rev Neurol. 2010 Nov 9;6(12):681-94 Abstract
106. Eigenbrodt ML, Rose KM, Couper DJ, et al. Orthostatic hypotension as a risk factor for stroke: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study, 1987-1996. Stroke. 2000 Oct;31(10):2307-13 Abstract
107. Winstein CJ, Stein J, Arena R, et al. Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016 May 4;47(6):e98-e169Full text Abstract
108. Cleare A, Pariante CM, Young AH, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: a revision of the 2008 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines. J Psychopharmacol. 2015 May 12;29(5):459-525Full text Abstract
109. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults with a chronic physical health problem: recognition and management. October 2009 [internet publication]Full text
110. Taylor DM, Barnes TRE, Young AH. The Maudsley prescribing guidelines in psychiatry. 14th edition. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2021
111. Boyer EW, Shannon M. The serotonin syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 17;352(11):1112-20 Abstract
112. Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Isbister GK. Serotonin syndrome. BMJ. 2014 Feb 19;348:g1626 Abstract
113. Dalton SO, Sørensen HT, Johansen C. SSRIs and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: what is known and how should it influence prescribing? CNS Drugs. 2006;20(2):143-51 Abstract
114. Dalton SO, Johansen C, Mellemkjaer L, et al. Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding: a population-based cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jan 13;163(1):59-64Full text Abstract
115. Cheng YL, Hu HY, Lin XH, et al. Use of SSRI, but not SNRI, increased upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Nov;94(46):e2022Full text Abstract
116. Loke YK, Trivedi AN, Singh S. Meta-analysis: gastrointestinal bleeding due to interaction between selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jan 1;27(1):31-40Full text Abstract
117. Flowers L. Nicotine replacement therapy. Am J Psychiatry Resid. 2016 Jun;11(6)4-7Full text
118. Desai HD, Seabolt J, Jann MW. Smoking in patients receiving psychotropic medications: a pharmacokinetic perspective. CNS Drugs. 2001;15(6):469-94 Abstract
119. Oliveira P, Ribeiro J, Donato H, Madeira N. Smoking and antidepressants pharmacokinetics: a systematic review. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2017;16:17Full text Abstract
120. National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training. Smoking cessation and mental health. 2014 [internet publication]Full text
121. Roose SP, Rutherford BR. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and operative bleeding risk: a review of the literature. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016 Dec;36(6):704-9 Abstract
122. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence. Jan 2023 [internet publication].Full text
123. Lindson N, Chepkin SC, Ye W, et al. Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Apr 18;4(4):CD013308.Full text Abstract
124. Rigotti NA, Kruse GR, Livingstone-Banks J, et al. Treatment of tobacco smoking: a review. JAMA. 2022 Feb 8;327(6):566-77.Full text Abstract
125. Thomas KH, Dalili MN, López-López JA, et al. Comparative clinical effectiveness and safety of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapies and electronic cigarettes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Addiction. 2022 Apr;117(4):861-76.Full text Abstract
126. NHS Specialised Clinical Frailty Network. Clinical frailty scale. 2018 [internet publication]Full text
127. Nolet PS, Côté P, Cassidy JD, et al. The association between a lifetime history of a neck injury in a motor vehicle collision and future neck pain: a population-based cohort study. Eur Spine J. 2010 Jun;19(6):972-81.Full text Abstract
128. Tomlinson PJ, Gargan MF, Bannister GC. The fluctuation in recovery following whiplash injury 7.5-year prospective review. Injury. 2005 Jun;36(6):758-61 Abstract
129. Daenen L, Nijs J, Raadsen B, et al. Cervical motor dysfunction and its predictive value for long-term recovery in patients with acute whiplash-associated disorders: a systematic review. J Rehabil Med. 2013 Feb;45(2):113-22.Full text Abstract
130. Karnezis IA, Drosos GI, Kazakos KI. Factors affecting the timing of recovery from whiplash neck injuries: study of a cohort of 134 patients pursuing litigation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2007 Oct;127(8):633-6. Abstract
131. Sterling M, Jull G, Vicenzino B, et al. Sensory hypersensitivity occurs soon after whiplash injury and is associated with poor recovery. Pain. 2003 Aug;104(3):509-17. Abstract
132. Kasch H, Qerama E, Kongsted A, et al. Deep muscle pain, tender points and recovery in acute whiplash patients: a 1-year follow-up study. Pain. 2008 Nov 15;140(1):65-73. Abstract
133. Michaleff ZA, Maher CG, Lin CW, et al. Comprehensive physiotherapy exercise programme or advice for chronic whiplash (PROMISE): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Jul 12;384(9938):133-41. Abstract
134. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: chronic neck pain. 2018 [internet publication].Full text
135. Manchikanti L, Abdi S, Atluri S, et al. An update of comprehensive evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in chronic spinal pain. Part II: guidance and recommendations. Pain Physician. 2013 Apr;16(2 Suppl):S49-283.Full text Abstract
136. Engelter ST, Grond-Ginsbach C, Metso TM, et al; Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Patients Study Group. Cervical artery dissection: trauma and other potential mechanical trigger events. Neurology. 2013 May 21;80(21):1950-7. Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer