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Carcinoid syndrome

Última revisão: 3 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 15 May 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • diarrhoea
  • flushing
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • palpitations
  • abdominal cramps
  • telangiectasia
  • signs of right heart failure
  • cardiac murmurs
  • hepatomegaly
  • wheeze
  • pellagra
  • abdominal masses
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • genetic multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) syndrome
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • serum chromogranin A/B
  • urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
  • metabolic panel
  • liver function tests
  • full blood count
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis with dual-phase liver
  • bronchoscopy
  • endoscopy
  • somatostatin receptor scintigraphy ± somatostatin single photon emission CT (SPECT)
  • iodine I-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy
  • histology
  • somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography (SSTR-PET) or fludeoxyglucose F-18 (FDG)
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

CONTÍNUA

localised disease

metastatic disease

Colaboradores

Autores

Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan, BSc (Hons), MD (Res), FRCP

Consultant Gastroenterologist

Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit

Kings College Hospital

London

UK

Declarações

RS has received research grants from Novartis and Ipsen, and has attended advisory boards for Novartis, Ipsen and ITM.

Martyn Caplin, BSc, DM, FRCP

Professor

Consultant in Hepatobiliary and Gastroenterology

Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit

Royal Free Hospital

London

UK

Declarações

MC is on the advisory boards for Novartis, Ipsen, Lexicon, and Pfizer; he has also received speaker honoraria from them.

Revisores

Wail Malaty, MD

Clinical Professor

Department of Family Medicine

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill

Assistant Program Director

MAHEC Rural Family Medicine Residency

Hendersonville

NC

Declarações

WM declares that he has no competing interests.

Rajesh K. Garg, MD

Instructor in Medicine

Brigham and Women's Hospital

Division of Endocrinology

Diabetes and Hypertension

Boston

MA

Declarações

RKG declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: neuroendocrine and adrenal tumors [internet publicaton].Texto completo

North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society. NANETS guidelines​. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
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  • Diretrizes

    • NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: neuroendocrine and adrenal tumors
    • European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for digestive neuroendocrine carcinoma
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  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

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