Acute myeloid leukemia

References

Key articles

Döhner H, Wei AH, Appelbaum FR, et al. Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2022 recommendations from an international expert panel on behalf of the ELN. Blood. 2022 Sep 22;140(12):1345-77.Full text  Abstract

National Cancer Comprehensive Network. NCCN guidelines: acute myeloid leukemia [internet publication].Full text

Heuser M, Ofran Y, Boissel N, et al. Acute myeloid leukaemia in adult patients: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2020 Jun;31(6):697-712.Full text  Abstract

Sanz MA, Fenaux P, Tallman MS, et al. Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: updated recommendations from an expert panel of the European LeukemiaNet. Blood. 2019 Apr 11;133(15):1630-43.Full text  Abstract

Sekeres MA, Guyatt G, Abel G, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for treating newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia in older adults. Blood Adv. 2020 Aug 11;4(15):3528-49.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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29. Fircanis S, Merriam P, Khan N, et al. The relation between cigarette smoking and risk of acute myeloid leukemia: an updated meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Am J Hematol. 2014 Aug;89(8):E125-32.Full text  Abstract

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37. Arber DA, Borowitz MJ, Cessna M, et al. Initial diagnostic workup of acute leukemia: guideline from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017 Oct;141(10):1342-93.Full text  Abstract

38. National Cancer Comprehensive Network. NCCN guidelines: acute myeloid leukemia [internet publication].Full text

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47. Rinsky RA, Smith AB, Hornung R, et al. Benzene and leukemia. An epidemiologic risk assessment. N Engl J Med. 1987 Apr 23;316(17):1044-50. Abstract

48. Kok PW, Ong CN. Blood and urinary benzene determined by headspace gas chromatography with photoionization detection: application in biological monitoring or low-level nonoccupational exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1994;66(3):195-201. Abstract

49. Hayes RB, Yin SN, Doemeci M, et al. Benzene and the dose-related incidence of hematologic neoplasms in China. Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine-National Cancer Institute Benzene Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997 Jul 16;89(14):1065-71.Full text  Abstract

50. Lan Q, Zhang L, Li G, et al. Hematotoxicity in workers exposed to low levels of benzene. Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1774-6.Full text  Abstract

51. Howard SC, Jones DP, Pui CH. The tumor lysis syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011 May 12;364(19):1844-54.Full text  Abstract

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53. Quispe RA, Aguiar EM, de Oliveira CT, et al. Oral manifestations of leukemia as part of early diagnosis. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2022 Jul-Sep;44(3):392-401. Abstract

54. Chen CY, Cheng A, Huang SY, et al. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of perianal infections in adult patients with acute leukemia. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e60624.Full text  Abstract

55. Yamauchi T, Negoro E, Lee S, et al. A high serum uric acid level is associated with poor prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Anticancer Res. 2013 Sep;33(9):3947-51.Full text  Abstract

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57. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions​ [internet publication].Full text

58. Kulasekararaj A, Cavenagh J, Dokal I, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of adult aplastic anaemia: a British Society for Haematology guideline. Br J Haematol. 2024 Mar;204(3):784-804.Full text  Abstract

59. Majhail NS, Rizzo JD, Lee SJ, et al. Recommended screening and preventive practices for long-term survivors after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2012 Mar;47(3):337-41. Abstract

60. Heuser M, Ofran Y, Boissel N, et al. Acute myeloid leukaemia in adult patients: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2020 Jun;31(6):697-712.Full text  Abstract

61. Sanz MA, Fenaux P, Tallman MS, et al. Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: updated recommendations from an expert panel of the European LeukemiaNet. Blood. 2019 Apr 11;133(15):1630-43.Full text  Abstract

62. Mehta P, Telford N, Wragg C, et al. Recommendations for laboratory testing of UK patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2023 Jan;200(2):150-9.Full text  Abstract

63. Dennis M, Copland M, Kaur H, et al. Management of older patients with frailty and acute myeloid leukaemia: a British Society for Haematology good practice paper. Br J Haematol. 2022 Oct;199(2):205-21.Full text  Abstract

64. Ali S, Jones GL, Culligan DJ, et al; British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukaemia in pregnancy. Br J Haematol. 2015 Aug;170(4):487-95.Full text  Abstract

65. Sekeres MA, Guyatt G, Abel G, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for treating newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia in older adults. Blood Adv. 2020 Aug 11;4(15):3528-49.Full text  Abstract

66. Fernandez HF, Sun Z, Yao X, et al. Anthracycline dose intensification in acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 24;361(13):1249-59.Full text  Abstract

67. Burnett AK, Russell NH, Hills RK, et al. Optimization of chemotherapy for younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia: results of the medical research council AML15 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Sep 20;31(27):3360-8. Abstract

68. Burnett AK, Russell NH, Hills RK, et al. A randomized comparison of daunorubicin 90 mg/m2 vs 60 mg/m2 in AML induction: results from the UK NCRI AML17 trial in 1206 patients. Blood. 2015 Jun 18;125(25):3878-85.Full text  Abstract

69. Luskin MR, Lee JW, Fernandez HF, et al. Benefit of high-dose daunorubicin in AML induction extends across cytogenetic and molecular groups. Blood. 2016 Mar 24;127(12):1551-8.Full text  Abstract

70. Goldstone AH, Burnett AK, Wheatley K, et al. Attempts to improve treatment outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older patients: the results of the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML11 trial. Blood. 2001 Sep 1;98(5):1302-11. Abstract

71. Pollyea DA, Kohrt HE, Medeiros BC. Acute myeloid leukaemia in the elderly: a review. Br J Haematol. 2011 Mar;152(5):524-42.Full text  Abstract

72. Lancet JE, Cortes JE, Hogge DE, et al. Phase 2 trial of CPX-351, a fixed 5:1 molar ratio of cytarabine/daunorubicin, vs cytarabine/daunorubicin in older adults with untreated AML. Blood. 2014 May 22;123(21):3239-46.Full text  Abstract

73. Lancet JE, Uy GL, Cortes JE, et al. CPX-351 (cytarabine and daunorubicin) liposome for injection versus conventional cytarabine plus daunorubicin in older patients with newly diagnosed secondary acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Sep 10;36(26):2684-92.Full text  Abstract

74. Lancet JE, Uy GL, Newell LF, et al. CPX-351 versus 7+3 cytarabine and daunorubicin chemotherapy in older adults with newly diagnosed high-risk or secondary acute myeloid leukaemia: 5-year results of a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2021 Jul;8(7):e481-91. Abstract

75. Heuser M, Freeman SD, Ossenkoppele GJ, et al. 2021 Update on MRD in acute myeloid leukemia: a consensus document from the European LeukemiaNet MRD Working Party. Blood. 2021 Dec 30;138(26):2753-67.Full text  Abstract

76. Farag SS, Maharry K, Zhang MJ, et al. Comparison of reduced-intensity hematopoietic cell transplantation with chemotherapy in patients age 60-70 years with acute myelogenous leukemia in first remission. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2011 Dec;17(12):1796-803.Full text  Abstract

77. Devine SM, Owzar K, Blum W, et al. Phase II study of allogeneic transplantation for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission using a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen: results from cancer and leukemia group B 100103 (alliance for clinical trials in oncology)/blood and marrow transplant clinical trial network 0502. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Dec 10;33(35):4167-75.Full text  Abstract

78. Li Z, Liu Y, Wang Q, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation is a viable postremission therapy for intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission in the absence of a matched identical sibling: a meta-analysis. Acta Haematol. 2019;141(3):164-75.Full text  Abstract

79. Venditti A, Piciocchi A, Candoni A, et al. GIMEMA AML1310 trial of risk-adapted, MRD-directed therapy for young adults with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2019 Sep 19;134(12):935-45.Full text  Abstract

80. Hills RK, Castaigne S, Appelbaum FR, et al. Addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin to induction chemotherapy in adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Aug;15(9):986-96.Full text  Abstract

81. Lambert J, Pautas C, Terré C, et al. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin for de novo acute myeloid leukemia: final efficacy and safety updates from the open-label, phase III ALFA-0701 trial. Haematologica. 2019 Jan;104(1):113-9.Full text  Abstract

82. Kapp-Schwoerer S, Weber D, Corbacioglu A, et al. Impact of gemtuzumab ozogamicin on MRD and relapse risk in patients with NPM1-mutated AML: results from the AMLSG 09-09 trial. Blood. 2020 Dec 24;136(26):3041-50.Full text  Abstract

83. Russell NH, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Othman J, et al. Fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and idarubicin with gemtuzumab ozogamicin improves event-free survival in younger patients with newly diagnosed AML and overall survival in patients with NPM1 and FLT3 mutations. J Clin Oncol. 2024 Apr 1;42(10):1158-68.Full text  Abstract

84. Stone RM, Mandrekar SJ, Sanford BL, et al. Midostaurin plus chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia with a FLT3 mutation. N Engl J Med. 2017 Aug 3;377(5):454-64.Full text  Abstract

85. Schlenk RF, Weber D, Fiedler W, et al. Midostaurin added to chemotherapy and continued single-agent maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD. Blood. 2019 Feb 21;133(8):840-51.Full text  Abstract

86. Erba HP, Montesinos P, Kim HJ, et al. Quizartinib plus chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with FLT3-internal-tandem-duplication-positive acute myeloid leukaemia (QuANTUM-First): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023 May 13;401(10388):1571-83. Abstract

87. Wei AH, Döhner H, Pocock C, et al. Oral azacitidine maintenance therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in first remission. N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 24;383(26):2526-37.Full text  Abstract

88. Xuan L, Wang Y, Huang F, et al. Sorafenib maintenance in patients with FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: an open-label, multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020 Sep;21(9):1201-12. Abstract

89. Burchert A, Bug G, Fritz LV, et al. Sorafenib maintenance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-internal tandem duplication mutation (SORMAIN). J Clin Oncol. 2020 Sep 10;38(26):2993-3002.Full text  Abstract

90. Levis MJ, Hamadani M, Logan B, et al. Gilteritinib as post-transplant maintenance for AML with internal tandem duplication mutation of FLT3. J Clin Oncol. 2024 May 20;42(15):1766-75.Full text  Abstract

91. Wei AH, Strickland SA Jr, Hou JZ, et al. Venetoclax combined with low-dose cytarabine for previously untreated patients with acute myeloid leukemia: results from a phase Ib/II study. J Clin Oncol. 2019 May 20;37(15):1277-84.Full text  Abstract

92. Wei AH, Montesinos P, Ivanov V, et al. Venetoclax plus LDAC for newly diagnosed AML ineligible for intensive chemotherapy: a phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial. Blood. 2020 Jun 11;135(24):2137-45.Full text  Abstract

93. DiNardo CD, Pratz KW, Letai A, et al. Safety and preliminary efficacy of venetoclax with decitabine or azacitidine in elderly patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukaemia: a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b study. Lancet Oncol. 2018 Feb;19(2):216-28. Abstract

94. DiNardo CD, Pratz K, Pullarkat V, et al. Venetoclax combined with decitabine or azacitidine in treatment-naive, elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2019 Jan 3;133(1):7-17.Full text  Abstract

95. DiNardo CD, Jonas BA, Pullarkat V, et al. Azacitidine and venetoclax in previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 13;383(7):617-29.Full text  Abstract

96. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Venetoclax (Venclyxto): updated recommendations on tumour lysis syndrome (TLS). Dec 2021 [internet publication].Full text

97. Cortes JE, Heidel FH, Hellmann A, et al. Randomized comparison of low dose cytarabine with or without glasdegib in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia. 2019 Feb;33(2):379-89.Full text  Abstract

98. Cortes JE, Heidel FH, Fiedler W, et al. Survival outcomes and clinical benefit in patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with glasdegib and low-dose cytarabine according to response to therapy. J Hematol Oncol. 2020 Jul 14;13(1):92.Full text  Abstract

99. Heuser M, Smith BD, Fiedler W, et al. Clinical benefit of glasdegib plus low-dose cytarabine in patients with de novo and secondary acute myeloid leukemia: long-term analysis of a phase II randomized trial. Ann Hematol. 2021 May;100(5):1181-94.Full text  Abstract

100. Roboz GJ, DiNardo CD, Stein EM, et al. Ivosidenib induces deep durable remissions in patients with newly diagnosed IDH1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2020 Feb 13;135(7):463-71.Full text  Abstract

101. Montesinos P, Recher C, Vives S, et al. Ivosidenib and azacitidine in IDH1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2022 Apr 21;386(16):1519-31.Full text  Abstract

102. Stein EM, DiNardo CD, Pollyea DA, et al. Enasidenib in mutant IDH2 relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2017 Aug 10;130(6):722-31. Abstract

103. Pollyea DA, Tallman MS, de Botton S, et al. Enasidenib, an inhibitor of mutant IDH2 proteins, induces durable remissions in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2019 Nov;33(11):2575-84.Full text  Abstract

104. DiNardo CD, Schuh AC, Stein EM, et al. Enasidenib plus azacitidine versus azacitidine alone in patients with newly diagnosed, mutant-IDH2 acute myeloid leukaemia (AG221-AML-005): a single-arm, phase 1b and randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021 Nov;22(11):1597-1608. Abstract

105. Food and Drug Administration. FDA warns that symptoms of a serious condition affecting the blood cells are not being recognized with the leukemia medicine Idhifa (enasidenib). Nov 2018 [internet publication].Full text

106. Amadori S, Suciu S, Selleslag DJ, et al. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin versus best supportive care in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy: results of the randomized phase III EORTC-GIMEMA AML-19 trial. Clin Oncol. 2016 Mar 20;34(9):972-9.Full text  Abstract

107. Rücker FG, Schlenk RF, Bullinger L, et al. TP53 alterations in acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype correlate with specific copy number alterations, monosomal karyotype, and dismal outcome. Blood. 2012 Mar 1;119(9):2114-21.Full text  Abstract

108. DeWolf S, Tallman MS. How I treat relapsed or refractory AML. Blood. 2020 Aug 27;136(9):1023-32.Full text  Abstract

109. Megías-Vericat JE, Martínez-Cuadrón D, Sanz MÁ, et al. Salvage regimens using conventional chemotherapy agents for relapsed/refractory adult AML patients: a systematic literature review. Ann Hematol. 2018 Jul;97(7):1115-53. Abstract

110. Aldoss I, Yang D, Aribi A, et al. Efficacy of the combination of venetoclax and hypomethylating agents in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica. 2018 Sep;103(9):e404-7.Full text  Abstract

111. DiNardo CD, Rausch CR, Benton C, et al. Clinical experience with the BCL2-inhibitor venetoclax in combination therapy for relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia and related myeloid malignancies. Am J Hematol. 2018 Mar;93(3):401-7.Full text  Abstract

112. Perl AE, Martinelli G, Cortes JE, et al. Gilteritinib or chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutated AML. N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 31;381(18):1728-40.Full text  Abstract

113. DiNardo CD, Stein EM, de Botton S, et al. Durable remissions with ivosidenib in IDH1-mutated relapsed or refractory AML. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jun 21;378(25):2386-98.Full text  Abstract

114. Watts JM, Baer MR, Yang J, et al. Olutasidenib alone or with azacitidine in IDH1-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: phase 1 results of a phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2023 Jan;10(1):e46-58. Abstract

115. de Botton S, Fenaux P, Yee KWL, et al. Olutasidenib (FT-2102) induces durable complete remissions in patients with relapsed or refractory IDH1-mutated AML. Blood Adv. 2023 Feb 1:bloodadvances.202200941.Full text  Abstract

116. Taksin AL, Legrand O, Raffoux E, et al. High efficacy and safety profile of fractionated doses of Mylotarg as induction therapy in patients with relapsed acute myeloblastic leukemia: a prospective study of the alfa group. Leukemia. 2007 Jan;21(1):66-71. Abstract

117. Breems DA, Van Putten WL, Huijgens PC, et al. Prognostic index for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Mar 20;23(9):1969-78.Full text  Abstract

118. Yanada M, Garcia-Manero G, Borthakur G, et al. Potential cure of acute myeloid leukemia : analysis of 1069 consecutive patients in first complete remission. Cancer. 2007 Dec 15;110(12):2756-60.Full text  Abstract

119. Wattad M, Weber D, Döhner K, et al. Impact of salvage regimens on response and overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia with induction failure. Leukemia. 2017 Jun;31(6):1306-13. Abstract

120. Yilmaz M, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F. Acute promyelocytic leukemia current treatment algorithms. Blood Cancer J. 2021 Jun 30;11(6):123.Full text  Abstract

121. Iland HJ, Bradstock K, Supple SG, et al. All-trans-retinoic acid, idarubicin, and IV arsenic trioxide as initial therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML4). Blood. 2012 Aug 23;120(8):1570-80; quiz 1752.Full text  Abstract

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