Hypertensive emergencies

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American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 222: gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Jun 2020 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018 Sep 1;39(33):3021-104.Full text  Abstract

1. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-248.Full text  Abstract

2. Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, et al. Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries. Circulation. 2016 Aug 9;134(6):441-50.Full text  Abstract

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11. Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, et al. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2010 Aug 21;376(9741):631-44. Abstract

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18. Tisdale JE, Huang MB, Borzak S, et al. Risk factors for hypertensive crisis: importance of out-patient blood pressure control. Fam Pract. 2004 Aug;21(4):420-4.Full text  Abstract

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20. Bennett NM, Shea S. Hypertensive emergency: case criteria, sociodemographic profile, and previous care of 100 cases. Am J Public Health. 1988 Jun;78(6):636-40.Full text  Abstract

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22. Guerin C, Gonthier R, Berthoux FC. Long-term prognosis in malignant or accelerated hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1988;3(1):33-7. Abstract

23. Davis TK, Halabi CM, Siefken P, et al. Aggressive blood pressure control for chronic kidney disease unmasks moyamoya! Clin Kidney J. 2013 Oct;6(5):495-9.Full text  Abstract

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28. Suneja M, Sanders ML. Hypertensive emergency. Med Clin North Am. 2017 May;101(3):465-78. Abstract

29. Phillips CL, O'Driscoll DM. Hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. Nat Sci Sleep. 2013 May 10;5:43-52.Full text  Abstract

30. Silaruks S, Sawanyawisuth K. A case of obstructive sleep apnoea presented with hypertensive emergency. Heart Lung Circ. 2015;24(suppl 3):S121.

31. Yeghiazarians Y, Jneid H, Tietjens JR, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 Jul 20;144(3):e56-67.Full text  Abstract

32. Whitworth JA, Mangos GJ, Kelley JJ. Hypertension in Cushing’s syndrome. In: Mansoor GA, ed. Secondary hypertension, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2004.

33. Pappachan JM, Buch HN. Endocrine hypertension: a practical approach. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;956:215-37. Abstract

34. Garg MK, Kharb S, Brar KS, et al. Medical management of pheochromocytoma: role of the endocrinologist. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Oct;15(suppl 4):S329-36.Full text  Abstract

35. Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Vadiveloo M, et al. 2021 dietary guidance to improve cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 Dec 7;144(23):e472-87.Full text  Abstract

36. Kaplan NM. Kaplan's clinical hypertension, 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.

37. Zampaglione B, Pascale C, Marchisio M, et al. Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies: prevalence and clinical presentation. Hypertension. 1996 Jan;27(1):144-7.Full text  Abstract

38. Vaughan CJ, Delanty N. Hypertensive emergencies. Lancet. 2000 Jul 29;356(9227):411-7. Abstract

39. Marik PE, Varon J. Hypertensive crises: challenges and management [published correction appears in Chest. 2007 Nov;132(5):1721]. Chest. 2007 Jun;131(6):1949-62. Abstract

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41. Luft FC, Mervaala E, Müller DN, et al. Hypertension-induced end-organ damage: a new transgenic approach to an old problem. Hypertension. 1999 Jan;33(1 Pt 2):212-8.Full text  Abstract

42. Taylor DA. Hypertensive crisis: a review of pathophysiology and treatment. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2015 Dec;27(4):439-47. Abstract

43. Myklejord DJ. Undiagnosed pheochromocytoma: the anesthesiologist nightmare. Clin Med Res. 2004 Feb;2(1):59-62.Full text  Abstract

44. Fishbein L, Orlowski R, Cohen D. Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: review of perioperative management of blood pressure and update on genetic mutations associated with pheochromocytoma. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2013 Jun;15(6):428-34.Full text  Abstract

45. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 222: gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Jun 2020 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

46. Blumenfeld JD, Laragh JH. Management of hypertensive crises: the scientific basis for treatment decisions. Am J Hypertens. 2001 Nov;14(11 Pt 1):1154-67. Abstract

47. Kettritz R, Luft FC. Severe hypertension with large-vessel arteritis. Hypertension. 2012 Feb;59(2):179-83.Full text  Abstract

48. Denton CP, Lapadula G, Mouthon L, et al. Renal complications and scleroderma renal crisis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 Jun;48 (suppl 3):iii32-5. Abstract

49. Ong KL, Cheung BM, Man YB, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension. 2007 Jan;49(1):69-75.Full text  Abstract

50. Fryar CD, Ostchega Y, Hales CM, et al. Hypertension prevalence and control among adults: United States, 2015-2016. NCHS Data Brief. 2017 Oct;(289):1-8.Full text  Abstract

51. Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension practice guidelines. Hypertension. 2020 Jun;75(6):1334-57.Full text  Abstract

52. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Clinical practice guideline no. 3: headaches in pregnancy and postpartum. May 2022 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

53. Gold KJ, Barnes C, Lalley J, et al. Case report: late-onset eclampsia presents as bilateral cortical blindness. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Mar 1;71(5):856, 858, 861.Full text  Abstract

54. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018 Sep 1;39(33):3021-104.Full text  Abstract

55. Bossone E, Rampoldi V, Nienaber CA, et al. Usefulness of pulse deficit to predict in-hospital complications and mortality in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. Am J Cardiol. 2002 Apr 1;89(7):851-5. Abstract

56. Ranasinghe AM, Strong D, Boland B, et al. Acute aortic dissection. BMJ. 2011 Jul 29;343:d4487. Abstract

57. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text

58. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Full text

59. Turner JA. Diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia: an update. Int J Womens Health. 2010 Sep 30;2:327-37.Full text  Abstract

60. Cífková R, Johnson MR, Kahan T, et al. Peripartum management of hypertension: a position paper of the ESC Council on Hypertension and the European Society of Hypertension. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2020 Nov 1;6(6):384-93.Full text  Abstract

61. Bossone E, LaBounty TM, Eagle KA. Acute aortic syndromes: diagnosis and management, an update. Eur Heart J. 2018 Mar 1;39(9):739-49d.Full text  Abstract

62. Writing Committee Members, Isselbacher EM, Preventza O, et al. 2022 ACC/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease: a report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Dec 13;80(24):e223-393.Full text  Abstract

63. Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, et al. 2017 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2018 Mar 1;39(9):763-816.Full text  Abstract

64. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019 Dec;50(12):e344-418.Full text  Abstract

65. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(12):2015-38. Abstract

66. Fuchs FD. Study of the usefulness of optic fundi examination on patients with hypertension in a clinical setting. J Hum Hypertens. 1995 Jul;9(7):547-51. Abstract

67. Van den Born BJH, Honnebier UPF, Koopmans RP, et al. Microangiopathic hemolysis and renal failure in malignant hypertension. Hypertension. 2005 Feb;45(2):246-51.Full text  Abstract

68. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003 Dec;42(6):1206-52.Full text  Abstract

69. Elliott WJ. Clinical features and management of selected hypertensive emergencies. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2004 Oct;6(10):587-92.Full text  Abstract

70. Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-61.Full text

71. Qureshi AI, Huang W, Lobanova I, et al. Outcomes of intensive systolic blood pressure reduction in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and excessively high initial systolic blood pressure: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Nov 1;77(11):1355-65.Full text  Abstract

72. Anderson CS, Heeley E, Huang Y, et al; INTERACT2 Investigators. Rapid blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jun 20;368(25):2355-65.Full text  Abstract

73. Qureshi AI, Palesch YY, Barsan WG, et al. Intensive blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jun 8;375(11):1033-43.Full text  Abstract

74. van den Born BH, Lip GYH, Brguljan-Hitij J, et al. ESC council on hypertension position document on the management of hypertensive emergencies. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2019 Jan 1;5(1):37-46. Abstract

75. Peacock WF, Varon J, Baumann BM, et al. CLUE: a randomized comparative effectiveness trial of IV nicardipine versus labetalol use in the emergency department. Crit Care. 2011;15(3):R157.Full text  Abstract

76. Haas CE, LeBlanc JM. Acute postoperative hypertension: a review of therapeutic options. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2004 Aug 15;61(16):1661-73; quiz 1674-5. Abstract

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82. Tumlin JA, Dunbar LM, Oparil S, et al. Fenoldopam, a dopamine agonist, for hypertensive emergency: a multicenter randomized trial. Acad Emerg Med. 2000 Jun;7(6):653-62. Abstract

83. Devlin JW, Seta ML, Kanji S, Somerville AL. Fenoldopam versus nitroprusside for the treatment of hypertensive emergency. Ann Pharmacother. 2004 May;38(5):755-9. Abstract

84. Sandset EC, Anderson CS, Bath PM, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on blood pressure management in acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage. Eur Stroke J. 2021 Jun;6(2):XLVIII-LXXXIX.Full text  Abstract

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91. Erbel R, Alfonso F, Boileau C, et al. Diagnosis and management of aortic dissection. Eur Heart J. 2001 Sep;22(18):1642-81. Abstract

92. Tuffnell DJ, Jankowicz D, Lindow SW, et al. Outcomes of severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in Yorkshire 1999/2003. BJOG. 2005 Jul;112(7):875-80. Abstract

93. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee opinion no. 767: emergent therapy for acute-onset, severe hypertension during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Feb 2019 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

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