Pancreatic cancer

References

Key articles

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: pancreatic adenocarcinoma [internet publication].Full text

Conroy T, Pfeiffer P, Vilgrain V, et al. Pancreatic cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2023 Nov;34(11):987-1002.Full text  Abstract

Sohal DPS, Kennedy EB, Cinar P, et al. Metastatic pancreatic cancer: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Aug 5:JCO2001364.Full text  Abstract

Von Hoff DD, Ervin T, Arena FP, et al. Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 31;369(18):1691-703.Full text  Abstract

Conroy T, Desseigne F, Ychou M, et al. FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011 May 12;364(19):1817-25.Full text  Abstract

Balaban EP, Mangu PB, Khorana AA, et al. Locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Aug 1;34(22):2654-68.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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13. Iodice S, Gandini S, Maisonneuve P, et al. Tobacco and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a review and meta-analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2008 Jul;393(4):535-45. Abstract

14. Capurso G, Paiella S, Carrara S, et al. Italian registry of families at risk of pancreatic cancer: AISP Familial Pancreatic Cancer Study Group. Dig Liver Dis. 2020 Oct;52(10):1126-30. Abstract

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19. Halbrook CJ, Lyssiotis CA, Pasca di Magliano M, et al. Pancreatic cancer: advances and challenges. Cell. 2023 Apr 13;186(8):1729-54.Full text  Abstract

20. Hruban RH, Maitra A, Goggins M. Update on pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2008 Jan 1;1(4):306-16.Full text  Abstract

21. Hechtman JF. NTRK insights: best practices for pathologists. Mod Pathol. 2022 Mar;35(3):298-305.Full text  Abstract

22. Lugo A, Peveri G, Bosetti C, et al. Strong excess risk of pancreatic cancer for low frequency and duration of cigarette smoking: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2018 Nov;104:117-26. Abstract

23. Klein AP, Brune KA, Petersen GM, et al. Prospective risk of pancreatic cancer in familial pancreatic cancer kindreds. Cancer Res. 2004 Apr 1;64(7):2634-8.Full text  Abstract

24. Vasen HF, Gruis NA, Frants RR, et al. Risk of developing pancreatic cancer in families with familial atypical multiple mole melanoma associated with a specific 19 deletion of p16 (p16-Leiden). Int J Cancer. 2000 Sep 15;87(6):809-11.Full text  Abstract

25. Aslanian HR, Lee JH, Canto MI. AGA clinical practice update on pancreas cancer screening in high-risk individuals: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2020 Jul;159(1):358-62.Full text  Abstract

26. Gandhi S, de la Fuente J, Murad MH, et al. Chronic pancreatitis is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, and incidence increases with duration of disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2022 Mar 28;13(3):e00463.Full text  Abstract

27. Malka D, Hammel P, Maire F, et al. Risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in chronic pancreatitis. Gut. 2002 Dec;51(6):849-52.Full text  Abstract

28. Aune D, Greenwood DC, Chan DS, et al. Body mass index, abdominal fatness and pancreatic cancer risk: a systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ann Oncol. 2012 Apr;23(4):843-52.Full text  Abstract

29. Li D, Morris JS, Liu J, et al. Body mass index and risk, age of onset, and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. JAMA. 2009 Jun 24;301(24):2553-62.Full text  Abstract

30. Jiao L, Silverman DT, Schairer C, et al. Alcohol use and risk of pancreatic cancer: the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009 May 1;169(9):1043-51.Full text  Abstract

31. Hart AR, Kennedy H, Harvey I. Pancreatic cancer: a review of the evidence on causation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Mar;6(3):275-82. Abstract

32. Paluszkiewicz P, Smolińska K, Dębińska I, et al. Main dietary compounds and pancreatic cancer risk. The quantitative analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol. 2012 Feb;36(1):60-7. Abstract

33. Kim Y. The association between red, processed and white meat consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Cancer Causes Control. 2023 Jul;34(7):569-81. Abstract

34. Gianfredi V, Ferrara P, Dinu M, et al. Diets, dietary patterns, single foods and pancreatic cancer risk: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 10;19(22):14787.Full text  Abstract

35. Ghadirian P, Simard A, Baillargeon J. Tobacco, alcohol, and coffee and cancer of the pancreas. A population-based, case-control study in Quebec, Canada. Cancer. 1991 May 15;67(10):2664-70. Abstract

36. Bond-Smith G, Banga N, Hammond TM, et al. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. BMJ. 2012 May 16;344:e2476. Abstract

37. Pannala R, Basu A, Petersen GM, et al. New-onset diabetes: a potential clue to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2009 Jan;10(1):88-95.Full text  Abstract

38. Kwo PY, Cohen SM, Lim JK. ACG clinical guideline: evaluation of abnormal liver chemistries. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jan;112(1):18-35.Full text  Abstract

39. Harsha HC, Kandasamy K, Ranganathan P, et al. A compendium of potential biomarkers of pancreatic cancer. PLoS Med. 2009 Apr 7;6(4):e1000046.Full text  Abstract

40. Benke M, Farkas N, Hegyi P, et al. Preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels cannot predict the surgical resectability of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Pathol Oncol Res. 2022;28:1610266.Full text  Abstract

41. Conroy T, Pfeiffer P, Vilgrain V, et al. Pancreatic cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2023 Nov;34(11):987-1002.Full text  Abstract

42. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pancreatic cancer in adults: diagnosis and management. Feb 2018 [internet publication].Full text

43. Sohal DPS, Kennedy EB, Cinar P, et al. Metastatic pancreatic cancer: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Aug 5:JCO2001364.Full text  Abstract

44. Zhao W-Y, Luo M, Sun YW, et al. Computed tomography in diagnosing vascular invasion in pancreatic and periampullary cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2009 Oct;8(5):457-64. Abstract

45. Catalano C, Laghi A, Fraioli F, et al. Pancreatic carcinoma: the role of high-resolution multislice spiral CT in the diagnosis and assessment of resectability. Eur Radiol. 2003 Jan;13(1):149-56. Abstract

46. Expert Panel on Gastrointestinal Imaging; Qayyum A, Tamm EP, Kamel IR, Allen PJ, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria® staging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 Nov;14(11S):S560-9.Full text  Abstract

47. Wu LM, Hu JN, Hua J, et al. Diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging compared with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for pancreatic malignancy: a meta-analysis using a hierarchical regression model. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Jun;27(6):1027-35.Full text  Abstract

48. Wu LM, Xu JR, Hua J, et al. Value of diffusion-weighted imaging for the discrimination of pancreatic lesions: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Feb;24(2):134-42. Abstract

49. Tang S, Huang G, Liu J, et al. Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET, combined FDG-PET/CT and EUS in diagnosing primary pancreatic carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol. 2011 Apr;78(1):142-50. Abstract

50. Farma JM, Santillan AA, Melis M, et al. PET/CT fusion scan enhances CT staging in patients with pancreatic neoplasms. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Sep;15(9):2465-71. Abstract

51. Tummala P, Junaidi O, Agarwal B. Imaging of pancreatic cancer: an overview. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2011 Sep;2(3):168-74.Full text  Abstract

52. Adamek HE, Albert J, Breer H, et al. Pancreatic cancer detection with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a prospective controlled study. Lancet. 2000 Jul 15;356(9225):190-3. Abstract

53. Barish MA, Yucel EK, Ferrucci JT. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jul 22;341(4):258-64. Abstract

54. Lopez Hänninen E, Amthauer H, Hosten N, et al. Prospective evaluation of pancreatic tumors: accuracy of MR imaging with MR cholangiopancreatography and MR angiography. Radiology. 2002 Jul;224(1):34-41. Abstract

55. Dewitt J, Devereaux BM, Lehman GA, et al. Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography for the preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Jun;4(6):717-25. Abstract

56. Hewitt MJ, McPhail MJ, Possamai L, et al. EUS-guided FNA for diagnosis of solid pancreatic neoplasms: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012 Feb;75(2):319-31. Abstract

57. Ngamruengphong S, Swanson KM, Shah ND, et al. Preoperative endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration does not impair survival of patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Gut. 2015 Jul;64(7):1105-10. Abstract

58. Rustagi T, Gleeson FC, Chari ST, et al. Safety, diagnostic accuracy, and effects of endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration on detection of extravascular migratory metastases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Nov;17(12):2533-40.e1.Full text  Abstract

59. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Forbes N, Coelho-Prabhu N, et al. Adverse events associated with EUS and EUS-guided procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 Jan;95(1):16-26. Abstract

60. Maithel SK, Maloney S, Winston C, et al. Preoperative CA 19-9 and the yield of staging laparoscopy in patients with radiographically resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Dec;15(12):3512-20. Abstract

61. Hori Y; SAGES Guidelines Committee. Diagnostic laparoscopy guidelines. Surg Endosc. 2008 May;22(5):1353-83. Abstract

62. Hariharan D, Constantinides VA, Froeling FE, et al. The role of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound in the preoperative staging of pancreatico-biliary cancers: a meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2010 Oct;36(10):941-8. Abstract

63. Ta R, O'Connor DB, Sulistijo A, et al. The role of staging laparoscopy in resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Surg. 2019;36(3):251-60. Abstract

64. Hartwig W, Schneider L, Diener MK, et al. Preoperative tissue diagnosis for tumours of the pancreas. Br J Surg. 2009 Jan;96(1):5-20.Full text  Abstract

65. Micames C, Jowell PS, White R, et al. Lower frequency of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed by EUS-guided FNA vs. percutaneous FNA. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Nov;58(5):690-5. Abstract

66. Siriwardena AK, Siriwardena AM. Pancreatic cancer. BMJ. 2014 Oct 31;349:g6385. Abstract

67. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Full text

68. Kloppel G, Adsay NV. Chronic pancreatitis and the differential diagnosis versus pancreatic cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2009 Mar;133(3):382-7. Abstract

69. Finkelberg DL, Sahani D, Deshpande V, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 21;355(25):2670-6. Abstract

70. Ha J, Choi SH, Kim KW, et al. MRI features for differentiation of autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Liver Dis. 2022 Jul;54(7):849-56. Abstract

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72. Al-Hawary MM, Francis IR, Chari ST, et al. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma radiology reporting template: consensus statement of the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the American Pancreatic Association. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):291-304. Abstract

73. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: genetic/familial high-risk assessment: breast, ovarian, and pancreatic [internet publication].Full text

74. Sawhney MS, Calderwood AH, Thosani NC, et al. ASGE guideline on screening for pancreatic cancer in individuals with genetic susceptibility: summary and recommendations. Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 May;95(5):817-26. Abstract

75. Corral JE, Mareth KF, Riegert-Johnson DL, et al. Diagnostic yield from screening asymptomatic individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Jan;17(1):41-53.Full text  Abstract

76. US Preventive Services Task Force, Owens DK, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for pancreatic cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. JAMA. 2019 Aug 6;322(5):438-44.Full text  Abstract

77. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Storm AC, Fishman DS, et al. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on informed consent for GI endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 Feb;95(2):207-215. Abstract

78. Dumonceau JM, Kapral C, Aabakken L, et al. ERCP-related adverse events: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy. 2020 Feb;52(2):127-49.Full text  Abstract

79. Li D, Xie K, Wolff R, et al. Pancreatic cancer. Lancet. 2004 Mar 27;363(9414):1049-57. Abstract

80. La Torre M, Nigri G, Ferrari L, et al. Hospital volume, margin status, and long-term survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Am Surg. 2012 Feb;78(2):225-9. Abstract

81. Hüttner FJ, Fitzmaurice C, Schwarzer G, et al. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (pp Whipple) versus pancreaticoduodenectomy (classic Whipple) for surgical treatment of periampullary and pancreatic carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Feb 16;(2):CD006053.Full text  Abstract

82. Iqbal N, Lovegrove RE, Tilney HS, et al. A comparison of pancreaticoduodenectomy with pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis of 2822 patients. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008 Nov;34(11):1237-45. Abstract

83. Hüttner FJ, Klotz R, Ulrich A, et al. Antecolic versus retrocolic reconstruction after partial pancreaticoduodenectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jan 11;1:CD011862.Full text  Abstract

84. Iqbal N, Lovegrove RE, Tilney HS, et al. A comparison of pancreaticoduodenectomy with extended pancreaticoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis of 1909 patients. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009 Jan;35(1):79-86. Abstract

85. Jang JY, Kang MJ, Heo JS, et al. A prospective randomized controlled study comparing outcomes of standard resection and extended resection, including dissection of the nerve plexus and various lymph nodes, in patients with pancreatic head cancer. Ann Surg. 2014 Apr;259(4):656-64. Abstract

86. Glanemann M, Shi B, Liang F, et al. Surgical strategies for treatment of malignant pancreatic tumors: extended, standard or local surgery? World J Surg Oncol. 2008 Nov 12;6:123.Full text  Abstract

87. Venkat R, Edil BH, Schulick RD, et al. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is associated with significantly less overall morbidity compared to the open technique: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2012 Jun;255(6):1048-59. Abstract

88. Cucchetti A, Bocchino A, Crippa S, et al. Advantages of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and matched studies. Surgery. 2023 Apr;173(4):1023-9. Abstract

89. Lyu Y, Cheng Y, Wang B, et al. Assessment of laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2022 Mar;31(3):350-8. Abstract

90. Yin T, Qin T, Wei K, et al. Comparison of safety and effectiveness between laparoscopic and open pancreatoduodenectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2022 Sep;105:106799.Full text  Abstract

91. van der Gaag NA, Rauws EA, van Eijck CH, et al. Preoperative biliary drainage for cancer of the head of the pancreas. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jan 14;362(2):129-37.Full text  Abstract

92. Conroy T, Lambert A, Ducreux M. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant approaches in pancreatic cancer. Curr Opin Oncol. 2023 Jul 1;35(4):326-33. Abstract

93. Andriulli A, Festa V, Botteri E, et al. Neoadjuvant/preoperative gemcitabine for patients with localized pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 May;19(5):1644-62. Abstract

94. Gillen S, Schuster T, Meyer Zum Büschenfelde C, et al. Preoperative/neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of response and resection percentages. PLoS Med. 2010 Apr 20;7(4):e1000267.Full text  Abstract

95. Morganti AG, Massaccesi M, La Torre G, et al. A systematic review of resectability and survival after concurrent chemoradiation in primarily unresectable pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Jan;17(1):194-205. Abstract

96. Versteijne E, Suker M, Groothuis K, et al. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy versus immediate surgery for resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: results of the Dutch randomized phase III PREOPANC Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Jun 1;38(16):1763-73. Abstract

97. Khorana AA, McKernin SE, Berlin J, et al. Potentially curable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: ASCO clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(23):2082-8.Full text  Abstract

98. Barenboim A, Lahat G, Geva R, et al. Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX for locally advanced and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: an intention to treat analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2018 Oct;44(10):1619-23. Abstract

99. Conroy T, Castan F, Lopez A, et al. Five-year outcomes of FOLFIRINOX vs gemcitabine as adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2022 Sep 1:e223829. Abstract

100. Neoptolemos JP, Palmer DH, Ghaneh P, et al. Comparison of adjuvant gemcitabine and capecitabine with gemcitabine monotherapy in patients with resected pancreatic cancer (ESPAC-4): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017 Mar 11;389(10073):1011-24.Full text  Abstract

101. Stocken DD, Büchler MW, Dervenis C, et al. Meta-analysis of randomised adjuvant therapy trials for pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 Apr 25;92(8):1372-81.Full text  Abstract

102. Butturini G, Stocken DD, Wente MN, et al; Pancreatic Cancer Meta-Analysis Group. Influence of resection margins and treatment on survival in patients with pancreatic cancer: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Surg. 2008 Jan;143(1):75-83.Full text  Abstract

103. Picozzi VJ, Pisters PW, Vickers SM, et al. Strength of the evidence: adjuvant therapy for resected pancreatic cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008 Apr;12(4):657-61. Abstract

104. Regine WF, Winter KA, Abrams RA, et al. Fluorouracil vs gemcitabine chemotherapy before and after fluorouracil-based chemoradiation following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008 Mar 5;299(9):1019-26.Full text  Abstract

105. Regine WF, Winter KA, Abrams R, et al. Fluorouracil-based chemoradiation with either gemcitabine or fluorouracil chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: 5-year analysis of the U.S. Intergroup/RTOG 9704 phase III trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 May;18(5):1319-26.Full text  Abstract

106. Valle JW, Palmer D, Jackson R, et al. Optimal duration and timing of adjuvant chemotherapy after definitive surgery for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: ongoing lessons from the ESPAC-3 study. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Feb 20;32(6):504-12.Full text  Abstract

107. van Roessel S, van Veldhuisen E, Klompmaker S, et al. Evaluation of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resected pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX treatment. JAMA Oncol. 2020 Nov 1;6(11):1733-40.Full text  Abstract

108. Gurusamy KS, Kumar S, Davidson BR, et al. Resection versus other treatments for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Feb 27;(2):CD010244.Full text  Abstract

109. Von Hoff DD, Ervin T, Arena FP, et al. Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 31;369(18):1691-703.Full text  Abstract

110. Conroy T, Desseigne F, Ychou M, et al. FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011 May 12;364(19):1817-25.Full text  Abstract

111. Kunzmann V, Siveke JT, Algül H, et al. Nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine versus nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine followed by FOLFIRINOX induction chemotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (NEOLAP-AIO-PAK-0113): a multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Feb;6(2):128-38. Abstract

112. Sultana A, Tudur Smith C, Cunningham D, et al. Meta-analyses of chemotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer: results of secondary end points analyses. Br J Cancer. 2008 Jul 8;99(1):6-13.Full text  Abstract

113. Sultana A, Smith CT, Cunningham D, et al. Meta-analyses of chemotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Jun 20;25(18):2607-15.Full text  Abstract

114. Heinemann V, Boeck S, Hinke A, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized trials: evaluation of benefit from gemcitabine-based combination chemotherapy applied in advanced pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer. 2008 Mar 28;8:82.Full text  Abstract

115. Moore MJ, Goldstein D, Hamm J, et al. Erlotinib plus gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine alone in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a phase III trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol. 2007 May 20;25(15):1960-6.Full text  Abstract

116. Heinemann V, Vehling-Kaiser U, Waldschmidt D, et al. Gemcitabine plus erlotinib followed by capecitabine versus capecitabine plus erlotinib followed by gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer: final results of a randomised phase 3 trial of the 'Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie' (AIO-PK0104). Gut. 2013 May;62(5):751-9. Abstract

117. Hammel P, Huguet F, van Laethem JL, et al. Effect of chemoradiotherapy vs chemotherapy on survival in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer controlled after 4 months of gemcitabine with or without erlotinib: the LAP07 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016 May 3;315(17):1844-53. Abstract

118. Wainberg ZA, Bekaii-Saab T, Boland PM, et al. First-line liposomal irinotecan with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (NALIRIFOX) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a phase I/II study. Eur J Cancer. 2021 Jul;151:14-24.Full text  Abstract

119. Balaban EP, Mangu PB, Khorana AA, et al. Locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Aug 1;34(22):2654-68.Full text  Abstract

120. Vickers MM, Powell ED, Asmis TR, et al. Comorbidity, age and overall survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer - results from NCIC CTG PA.3: a phase III trial of gemcitabine plus erlotinib or placebo. Eur J Cancer. 2012 Jul;48(10):1434-42. Abstract

121. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Paclitaxel as albumin-bound nanoparticles with gemcitabine for untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Full text

122. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study to assess the effectiveness and safety of irinotecan liposome injection, 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin plus oxaliplatin in patients not previously treated for metastatic pancreatic cancer, compared to nab-paclitaxel+gemcitabine treatment (NAPOLI 3). Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text

123. Wainberg ZA, Melisi D, Macarulla T, et al. NALIRIFOX versus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in treatment-naive patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (NAPOLI 3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023 Oct 7;402(10409):1272-81.Full text  Abstract

124. Sultana A, Ghaneh P, Cunningham D, et al. Gemcitabine based combination chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer-indirect comparison. BMC Cancer. 2008 Jul 8;8:192.Full text  Abstract

125. Poplin E, Feng Y, Berlin J, et al. Phase III, randomized study of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine (fixed-dose rate infusion) compared with gemcitabine (30-minute infusion) in patients with pancreatic carcinoma E6201: a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Aug 10;27(23):3778-85.Full text  Abstract

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