Stomach cancer

Presenting symptoms can include weight loss and abdominal pain, although patients with proximal or gastro-oesophageal junction tumours may present with dysphagia.

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy demonstrating carcinoma is required to confirm the diagnosis. Staging based on imaging is required.

Early-stage disease is treated with surgery alone.

Locally advanced disease is treated with multimodality approach that includes surgery followed by postoperative chemoradiation, or chemotherapy before and after surgery.

Metastatic disease is treated with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or chemoradiation and supportive care measures.

Common complications are gastric bleeding and gastric outlet obstruction.

Stomach cancer is a neoplasm that can develop in any portion of the stomach and may spread to the lymph nodes and other organs. Most tumours are adenocarcinomas. Other histological types include lymphoma, leiomyosarcoma, neuroendocrine tumours, and squamous cell carcinomas, but these are uncommon and will not be discussed here.