Cervical cancer

References

Key articles

Marth C, Landoni F, Mahner S, et al. Cervical cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017 Jul 1;28(suppl_4):iv72-83. Abstract

Fontham ETH, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Sep;70(5):321-46.Full text  Abstract

Bhatla N, Aoki D, Sharma DN, et al. Cancer of the cervix uteri: 2021 update. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021 Oct;155 Suppl 1(suppl 1):28-44.Full text  Abstract

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: cervical cancer [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

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2. World Health Organization. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer: fact sheet. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text

3. National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: cervical cancer. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

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5. International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer. Cervical carcinoma and sexual behavior: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 15,461 women with cervical carcinoma and 29,164 women without cervical carcinoma from 21 epidemiological studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Apr;18(4):1060-9.Full text  Abstract

6. International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer; Appleby P, Beral V, Berrington de González A, et al. Carcinoma of the cervix and tobacco smoking: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 13,541 women with carcinoma of the cervix and 23,017 women without carcinoma of the cervix from 23 epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer. 2006 Mar 15;118(6):1481-95.Full text  Abstract

7. Liu G, Sharma M, Tan N, et al. HIV-positive women have higher risk of human papilloma virus infection, precancerous lesions, and cervical cancer. AIDS. 2018 Mar 27;32(6):795-808.Full text  Abstract

8. Hessol NA, Whittemore H, Vittinghoff E, et al. Incidence of first and second primary cancers diagnosed among people with HIV, 1985-2013: a population-based, registry linkage study. Lancet HIV. 2018 Nov;5(11):e647-55. Abstract

9. Grulich AE, van Leeuwen MT, Falster MO, et al. Incidence of cancers in people with HIV/AIDS compared with immunosuppressed transplant recipients: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2007 Jul 7;370(9581):59-67. Abstract

10. Parikh S, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Meta-analysis of social inequality and the risk of cervical cancer. Int J Cancer. 2003 Jul 10;105(5):687-91.Full text  Abstract

11. González CA, Travier N, Luján-Barroso L, et al. Dietary factors and in situ and invasive cervical cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study. Int J Cancer. 2011 Jul 19;129(2):449-59.Full text  Abstract

12. International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer., Appleby P, Beral V, et al. Cervical cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data for 16,573 women with cervical cancer and 35,509 women without cervical cancer from 24 epidemiological studies. Lancet. 2007 Nov 10;370(9599):1609-21. Abstract

13. Landy R, Pesola F, Castañón A, et al. Impact of cervical screening on cervical cancer mortality: estimation using stage-specific results from a nested case-control study. Br J Cancer. 2016 Oct 25;115(9):1140-6.Full text  Abstract

14. Vesco KK, Whitlock EP, Eder M, et al. Screening for cervical cancer: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2011 May.Full text  Abstract

15. Lei J, Ploner A, Elfström KM, et al. HPV vaccination and the risk of invasive cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 1;383(14):1340-48.Full text  Abstract

16. Kjaer SK, Dehlendorff C, Belmonte F, et al. Real-world effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination against cervical cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021 Oct 1;113(10):1329-35.Full text  Abstract

17. Guo F, Cofie LE, Berenson AB. Cervical cancer incidence in young U.S. females after human papillomavirus vaccine introduction. Am J Prev Med. 2018 Aug;55(2):197-204.Full text  Abstract

18. Falcaro M, Castañon A, Ndlela B, et al. The effects of the national HPV vaccination programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study. Lancet. 2021 Dec 4;398(10316):2084-92. Abstract

19. Liao CI, Francoeur AA, Kapp DS, et al. Trends in human papillomavirus-associated cancers, demographic characteristics, and vaccinations in the US, 2001-2017. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Mar 1;5(3):e222530.Full text  Abstract

20. Rahangdale L, Mungo C, O'Connor S, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical cancer risk. BMJ. 2022 Dec 15;379:e070115.Full text  Abstract

21. Bonjour M, Charvat H, Franco EL, et al. Global estimates of expected and preventable cervical cancers among girls born between 2005 and 2014: a birth cohort analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2021 Jul;6(7):e510-21.Full text  Abstract

22. Sharma K, Machalek DA, Toh ZQ, et al. No woman left behind: achieving cervical cancer elimination among women living with HIV. Lancet HIV. 2023 Jun;10(6):e412-20. Abstract

23. World Health Organization. Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. November 2020 [internet publication].Full text

24. Walboomers JM, Jacobs MV, Manos MM, et al. Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. J Pathol. 1999 Sep;189(1):12-9. Abstract

25. Muñoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S, et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Feb 6;348(6):518-27.Full text  Abstract

26. Castellsague X, Diaz M, de Sanjose S, et al. Worldwide human papillomavirus etiology of cervical adenocarcinoma and its cofactors: implications for screening and prevention. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Mar 1;98(5):303-15. Abstract

27. Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, et al. Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women. N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 12;338(7):423-8.Full text  Abstract

28. Franco EL, Villa LL, Sobrinho JP, et al. Epidemiology of acquisition and clearance of cervical human papillomavirus infection in women from a high-risk area for cervical cancer. J Infect Dis. 1999 Nov;180(5):1415-23.Full text  Abstract

29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Chapter 5: Human papillomavirus. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text

30. Mayrand MH, Duarte-Franco E, Rodrigues I, et al; Canadian Cervical Cancer Screening Trial Study Group. Human papillomavirus DNA versus Papanicolaou screening tests for cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007 Oct 18;357(16):1579-88.Full text  Abstract

31. Watson RA. Human papillomavirus: confronting the epidemic – a urologist's perspective. Rev Urol. 2005 Summer;7(3):135-44.Full text  Abstract

32. Schwarz E, Freese UK, Gissmann L, et al. Structure and transcription of human papillomavirus sequences in cervical carcinoma cells. Nature. 1985 Mar 7-13;314(6006):111-4. Abstract

33. Yim EK, Park JS. The role of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins in HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis. Cancer Res Treat. 2005 Dec;37(6):319-24.Full text  Abstract

34. Ferenczy A, Franco E. Persistent human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia. Lancet Oncol. 2002 Jan;3(1):11-6. Abstract

35. Kelly H, Weiss HA, Benavente Y, et al. Association of antiretroviral therapy with high-risk human papillomavirus, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive cervical cancer in women living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet HIV. 2018 Jan;5(1):e45-58.Full text  Abstract

36. Castellsagué X, Muñoz N. Chapter 3: Cofactors in human papillomavirus carcinogenesis: role of parity, oral contraceptives, and tobacco smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2003;(31):20-8. Abstract

37. International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer. Comparison of risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 8,097 women with squamous cell carcinoma and 1,374 women with adenocarcinoma from 12 epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer. 2007 Feb 15;120(4):885-91. Abstract

38. Iversen L, Sivasubramaniam S, Lee AJ, et al. Lifetime cancer risk and combined oral contraceptives: the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jun;216(6):580.e1-9.Full text  Abstract

39. International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer. Cervical carcinoma and reproductive factors: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 16,563 women with cervical carcinoma and 33,542 women without cervical carcinoma from 25 epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer. 2006 Sep 1;119(5):1108-24.Full text  Abstract

40. Potischman N, Brinton LA. Nutrition and cervical neoplasia. Cancer Causes Control. 1996 Jan;7(1):113-26. Abstract

41. Xu L, Tan Y, Xiang P, et al. Diet-related risk factors for cervical cancer: data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018. Nutr Cancer. 2023;75(10):1892-9. Abstract

42. Yeo AS, Schiff MA, Montoya G, et al. Serum micronutrients and cervical dysplasia in Southwestern American Indian women. Nutr Cancer. 2000;38(2):141-50. Abstract

43. Cao D, Shen K, Li Z, et al. Association between vitamin C Intake and the risk of cervical neoplasia: a meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer. 2016;68(1):48-57. Abstract

44. Hu X, Li S, Zhou L, et al. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on uterine cervical neoplasm: A meta-analysis of case-control studies. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 22;12(8):e0183395.Full text  Abstract

45. Sikström B, Hellberg D, Nilsson S, et al. Smoking, alcohol, sexual behaviour and drug use in women with cervical human papillomavirus infection. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1995;256(3):131-7. Abstract

46. Joura EA, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, et al. A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 19;372(8):711-23.Full text  Abstract

47. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Supplemental information and guidance for vaccination providers regarding use of 9-valent HPV vaccine. Nov 2016 [internet publication].Full text

48. Munoz N, Manalastas R Jr, Pitisuttithum P, et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine in women aged 24-45 years: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2009 Jun 6;373(9679):1949-57. Abstract

49. Koutsky LA, Ault KA, Wheeler CM, et al. A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 21;347(21):1645-51. Abstract

50. Harper DM, Franco EL, Wheeler C, et al. Efficacy of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine in prevention of infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004 Nov 13-19;364(9447):1757-65. Abstract

51. Arbyn M, Xu L, Simoens C, et al. Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 9;(5):CD009069.Full text  Abstract

52. Brisson M, Kim JJ, Canfell K, et al. Impact of HPV vaccination and cervical screening on cervical cancer elimination: a comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Lancet. 2020 Feb 22;395(10224):575-90.Full text  Abstract

53. Marth C, Landoni F, Mahner S, et al. Cervical cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017 Jul 1;28(suppl_4):iv72-83. Abstract

54. Braaten KP, Laufer MR. Human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV-related disease, and the HPV vaccine. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Winter;1(1):2-10.Full text  Abstract

55. Restrepo J, Herrera T, Samakoses R, et al. Ten-year follow-up of 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine: immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety. Pediatrics. 2023 Oct 1;152(4):e2022060993.Full text  Abstract

56. Kreimer AR, Sampson JN, Porras C, et al. Evaluation of durability of a single dose of the bivalent HPV vaccine: the CVT trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2020 Oct 1;112(10):1038-46.Full text  Abstract

57. Basu P, Malvi SG, Joshi S, et al. Vaccine efficacy against persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 infection at 10 years after one, two, and three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls in India: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2021 Nov;22(11):1518-29.Full text  Abstract

58. Barnabas RV, Brown ER, Onono MA, et al. Efficacy of single-dose HPV vaccination among young African women. NEJM Evid. 2022 Jun;1(5):EVIDoa2100056.Full text  Abstract

59. World Health Organization. Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper, December 2022 [internet publication].Full text

60. Saslow D, Andrews KS, Manassaram-Baptiste D, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination 2020 guideline update: American Cancer Society guideline adaptation. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Jul;70(4):274-80.Full text  Abstract

61. Panel on Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text

62. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Adolescent Health Care, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Immunization, Infectious Disease, and Public Health Preparedness Expert Work Group. Human papillomavirus vaccination: ACOG committee opinion, number 809. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Aug;136(2):e15-21.Full text  Abstract

63. Meites E, Szilagyi PG, Chesson HW, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination for adults: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Aug 16;68(32):698-702.Full text  Abstract

64. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Adjuvant human papillomavirus vaccination for patients undergoing treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+. Jul 2023 [internet publication].Full text

65. Sharpless KE, Marcus JZ, Kuroki LM, et al. ASCCP committee opinion: adjuvant human papillomavirus vaccine for patients undergoing treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2023 Jan 1;27(1):93-6.Full text  Abstract

66. Parazzini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C, et al. Barrier methods of contraception and the risk of cervical neoplasia. Contraception. 1989 Nov;40(5):519-30. Abstract

67. Erbelding EJ, Zenilman JM. Toward better control of sexually transmitted diseases. N Engl J Med. 2005 Feb 17;352(7):720-1. Abstract

68. Bulkmans NW, Berkhof J, Rozendaal L, et al. Human papillomavirus DNA testing for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and cancer: 5-year follow-up of a randomised controlled implementation trial. Lancet. 2007 Nov 24;370(9601):1764-72. Abstract

69. Cortessis VK, Barrett M, Brown Wade N, et al. Intrauterine device use and cervical cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Dec;130(6):1226-36. Abstract

70. Spotnitz ME, Natarajan K, Ryan PB, et al. Relative risk of cervical neoplasms among copper and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system users. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Feb;135(2):319-27.Full text  Abstract

71. Jandorf L, Fatone A, Borker PV, et al. Creating alliances to improve cancer prevention and detection among urban medically underserved minority groups: the East Harlem Partnership for Cancer Awareness. Cancer. 2006 Oct 15;107(8 suppl):2043-51.Full text  Abstract

72. Siebers AG, Klinkhamer PJ, Grefte JM, et al. Comparison of liquid-based cytology with conventional cytology for detection of cervical cancer precursors: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009 Oct 28;302(16):1757-64.Full text  Abstract

73. Fontham ETH, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Sep;70(5):321-46.Full text  Abstract

74. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Updated cervical cancer screening guidelines. April 2021 [internet publication].Full text

75. Koliopoulos G, Nyaga VN, Santesso N, et al. Cytology versus HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in the general population. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Aug 10;(8):CD008587.Full text  Abstract

76. Ogilvie GS, van Niekerk D, Krajden M, et al. Effect of screening with primary cervical HPV testing vs cytology testing on high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia at 48 months: the HPV FOCAL randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018 Jul 3;320(1):43-52.Full text  Abstract

77. Melnikow J, Henderson JT, Burda BU, et al. Screening for cervical cancer with high-risk human papillomavirus testing: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018 Aug 21;320(7):687-705.Full text  Abstract

78. Solomon D, Davey D, Kurman R, et al. The 2001 Bethesda system: terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology. JAMA. 2002 Apr 24;287(16):2114-9. Abstract

79. Nayar R, Wilbur DC. The Pap test and Bethesda 2014. Cancer Cytopathol. 2015 May;123(5):271-81.Full text  Abstract

80. Wang J, Andrae B, Sundström K, et al. Risk of invasive cervical cancer after atypical glandular cells in cervical screening: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2016 Feb 11;352:i276.Full text  Abstract

81. National Cancer Institute Workshop. The 1988 Bethesda System for reporting cervical/vaginal cytological diagnoses. JAMA. 1989 Aug 18;262(7):931-4. Abstract

82. Perkins RB, Guido RS, Castle PE, et al. 2019 ASCCP risk-based management consensus guidelines for abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2020 Apr;24(2):102-31.Full text  Abstract

83. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Updated guidelines for management of cervical cancer screening abnormalities​. October 2020 [internet publication].Full text

84. Bhatla N, Aoki D, Sharma DN, et al. Cancer of the cervix uteri: 2021 update. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021 Oct;155 Suppl 1(suppl 1):28-44.Full text  Abstract

85. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: cervical cancer [internet publication].Full text

86. Patel-Lippmann K, Robbins JB, Barroilhet L, et al. MR imaging of cervical cancer. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2017 Aug;25(3):635-49. Abstract

87. Fischerova D, Cibula D, Stenhova H, et al. Transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in staging of early cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2008 Jul-Aug;18(4):766-72. Abstract

88. Benedet JL, Bender H, Jones H 3rd, et al. FIGO staging classifications and clinical practice guidelines in the management of gynecologic cancers. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2000 Aug;70(2):209-62. Abstract

89. Choi HJ, Ju W, Myung SK, et al. Diagnostic performance of computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/computer tomography for detection of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer: meta-analysis. Cancer Sci. 2010 Jun;101(6):1471-9.Full text  Abstract

90. Unger JB, Ivy JJ, Connor P, et al. Detection of recurrent cervical cancer by whole-body FDG PET scan in asymptomatic and symptomatic women. Gynecol Oncol. 2004 Jul;94(1):212-6. Abstract

91. Loft A, Berthelsen AK, Roed H, et al. The diagnostic value of PET/CT scanning in patients with cervical cancer: a prospective study. Gynecol Oncol. 2007 Jul;106(1):29-34. Abstract

92. Gee MS, Atri M, Bandos AI, et al. Identification of distant metastatic disease in uterine cervical and endometrial cancers with FDG PET/CT: analysis from the ACRIN 6671/GOG 0233 multicenter trial. Radiology. 2018 Apr;287(1):176-84.Full text  Abstract

93. Schmidt D, Bergeron C, Denton KJ, et al. p16/ki-67 dual-stain cytology in the triage of ASCUS and LSIL Papanicolaou cytology: results from the European equivocal or mildly abnormal Papanicolaou cytology study. Cancer Cytopathol. 2011 Jun 25;119(3):158-66.Full text  Abstract

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95. Bhatla N, Berek JS, Cuello Fredes M, et al. Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019 Apr;145(1):129-35. Abstract

96. Corrigendum to "Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the cervix uteri" [Int J Gynecol Obstet 145(2019) 129-135]. 2019 Nov;147(2):279-80.Full text  Abstract

97. Union for International Cancer Control Classification. UICC and the TNM classification of malignant tumours. June 2021 [internet publication].Full text

98. US Preventive Services Task Force; Curry SJ, Krist AH, Owens DK, et al. Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 Aug 21;320(7):674-86.Full text  Abstract

99. WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention [Internet]. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.Full text  Abstract

100. World Health Organization. WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention, second edition: use of mRNA tests for human papillomavirus (‎HPV)‎. Dec 2021 [internet publication].Full text

101. Biggar RJ, Chaturvedi AK, Goedert JJ, et al. AIDS-related cancer and severity of immunosuppression in persons with AIDS. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Jun 20;99(12):962-72. Abstract

102. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: pretreatment evaluation and follow-up of invasive cancer of the cervix. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

103. Chuang LT, Temin S, Berek JS, et al. Management and care of patients with invasive cervical cancer: ASCO resource-stratified guideline rapid recommendation update. JCO Glob Oncol. 2022 Mar;8:e2200027.Full text  Abstract

104. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021: HPV-associated cancers and precancers. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

105. Huh WK, Ault KA, Chelmow D, et al. Use of primary high-risk human papillomavirus testing for cervical cancer screening: interim clinical guidance. Gynecol Oncol. 2015 Feb;136(2):178-82. Abstract

106. Kyrgiou M, Athanasiou A, Paraskevaidi M, et al. Adverse obstetric outcomes after local treatment for cervical preinvasive and early invasive disease according to cone depth: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2016 Jul 28;354:i3633.Full text  Abstract

107. Bentivegna E, Gouy S, Maulard A, et al. Oncological outcomes after fertility-sparing surgery for cervical cancer: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jun;17(6):e240-53. Abstract

108. Reynolds AC, McKenzie LJ. Cancer treatment-related ovarian dysfunction in women of childbearing potential: management and fertility preservation options. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Apr 20;41(12):2281-92.Full text  Abstract

109. Alonso-Espías M, Gorostidi M, Gracia M, et al. Role of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer uUndergoing radical hysterectomy. J Pers Med. 2023 Oct 12;13(10):1486.Full text  Abstract

110. Rodriguez J, Viveros-Carreño D, Pareja R. Adjuvant treatment after radical surgery for cervical cancer with intermediate risk factors: is it time for an update? Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2022 Oct 3;32(10):1219-26. Abstract

111. Querleu D, Morrow CP. Classification of radical hysterectomy. Lancet Oncol. 2008 Mar;9(3):297-303. Abstract

112. Schmeler KM, Pareja R, Lopez Blanco A, et al. ConCerv: a prospective trial of conservative surgery for low-risk early-stage cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2021 Oct;31(10):1317-25.Full text  Abstract

113. Kietpeerakool C, Aue-Aungkul A, Galaal K, et al. Nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy compared to standard radical hysterectomy for women with early stage cervical cancer (stage Ia2 to IIa). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Feb 12;(2):CD012828.Full text  Abstract

114. Bizzarri N, Querleu D, Dostálek L, et al. Survival associated with extent of radical hysterectomy in early-stage cervical cancer: a subanalysis of the Surveillance in Cervical CANcer (SCCAN) collaborative study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Oct;229(4):428.e1-428.e12.Full text  Abstract

115. Ramirez PT, Frumovitz M, Pareja R, et al. Minimally invasive versus abdominal radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 31;379(20):1895-904. Abstract

116. Uppal S, Gehrig PA, Peng K, et al. Recurrence rates in patients with cervical cancer treated with abdominal versus minimally invasive radical hysterectomy: a multi-institutional retrospective review study. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Apr 1;38(10):1030-40. Abstract

117. Melamed A, Margul DJ, Chen L, et al. Survival after minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 31;379(20):1905-14. Abstract

118. Fader AN. Surgery in cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 31;379(20):1955-7. Abstract

119. Falconer H, Palsdottir K, Stalberg K, et al. Robot-assisted approach to cervical cancer (RACC): an international multi-center, open-label randomized controlled trial. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2019 Jul;29(6):1072-6. Abstract

120. ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial of robotic versus open hysterectomy surgery in cervix cancer (ROCC). April 2023 [internet publication].Full text

121. Gien LT, Covens A. Fertility-sparing options for early stage cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2010 May;117(2):350-7. Abstract

122. Slama J, Runnebaum IB, Scambia G, et al. Analysis of risk factors for recurrence in cervical cancer patients after fertility-sparing treatment: the FERTIlity Sparing Surgery retrospective multicenter study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Apr;228(4):443.e1-443.e10. Abstract

123. Lintner B, Saso S, Tarnai L, et al. Use of abdominal radical trachelectomy to treat cervical cancer greater than 2 cm in diameter. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2013 Jul;23(6):1065-70. Abstract

124. Wethington SL, Sonoda Y, Park KJ, et al. Expanding the indications for radical trachelectomy: a report on 29 patients with stage IB1 tumors measuring 2 to 4 centimeters. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2013 Jul;23(6):1092-8.Full text  Abstract

125. Li J, Wu X, Li X, et al. Abdominal radical trachelectomy: Is it safe for IB1 cervical cancer with tumors ≥ 2 cm? Gynecol Oncol. 2013 Oct;131(1):87-92. Abstract

126. Pareja R, Rendón GJ, Sanz-Lomana CM, et al. Surgical, oncological, and obstetrical outcomes after abdominal radical trachelectomy - a systematic literature review. Gynecol Oncol. 2013 Oct;131(1):77-82. Abstract

127. Salvo G, Ramirez PT, Leitao MM, et al. Open vs minimally invasive radical trachelectomy in early-stage cervical cancer: International Radical Trachelectomy Assessment Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jan;226(1):97.e1-97.e16.Full text  Abstract

128. Bentivegna E, Maulard A, Pautier P, et al. Fertility results and pregnancy outcomes after conservative treatment of cervical cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Fertil Steril. 2016 Oct;106(5):1195-211;e5.Full text  Abstract

129. Kuznicki ML, Chambers LM, Morton M, et al. Fertility-sparing surgery for early-stage cervical cancer: a systematic review of the literature. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2021 Mar;28(3):513-26.e1. Abstract

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