Prostate cancer

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National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: prostate cancer early detection [internet publication].Full text

Parker C, Castro E, Fizazi K, et al. Prostate cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2020 Sep;31(9):1119-34.Full text  Abstract

Morgan SC, Hoffman K, Loblaw DA, et al. Hypofractionated radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: an ASTRO, ASCO, and AUA evidence-based guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 11;36(34):JCO1801097.Full text  Abstract

Morgan TM, Boorjian SA, Buyyounouski MK, et al. Salvage therapy for prostate cancer: AUA/ASTRO/SUO guideline part I: introduction and treatment decision-mMaking at the time of suspected biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2024 Apr;211(4):509-17.Full text  Abstract

Morgan TM, Boorjian SA, Buyyounouski MK, et al. Salvage therapy for prostate cancer: AUA/ASTRO/SUO guideline part II: treatment delivery for non-metastatic biochemical recurrence after primary radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2024 Apr;211(4):518-25.Full text  Abstract

Morgan TM, Boorjian SA, Buyyounouski MK, et al. Salvage therapy for prostate cancer: AUA/ASTRO/SUO guideline part III: salvage therapy after radiotherapy or focal therapy, pelvic nodal recurrence and oligometastasis, and future directions. J Urol. 2024 Apr;211(4):526-32.Full text  Abstract

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3. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: prostate cancer [internet publication].Full text

4. Cooperberg MR, Broering JM, Carroll PR. Risk assessment for prostate cancer metastasis and mortality at the time of diagnosis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Jun 16;101(12):878-87.Full text  Abstract

5. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Prostate cancer: diagnosis and management. December 2021 [internet publication]Full text

6. Gnanapragasam VJ, Bratt O, Muir K, et al. The Cambridge Prognostic Groups for improved prediction of disease mortality at diagnosis in primary non-metastatic prostate cancer: a validation study. BMC Med. 2018 Feb 28;16(1):31.Full text  Abstract

7. Gnanapragasam VJ, Lophatananon A, Wright KA, et al. Improving clinical risk stratification at diagnosis in primary prostate cancer: a prognostic modelling study. PLoS Med. 2016 Aug;13(8):e1002063.Full text  Abstract

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10. Cancer Research UK. ​Prostate cancer statistics. [internet publication].Full text

11. Delon C, Brown KF, Payne NWS, et al. Differences in cancer incidence by broad ethnic group in England, 2013-2017. Br J Cancer. 2022 Jun;126(12):1765-73.Full text  Abstract

12. Shimizu H, Ross RK, Bernstein L, et al. Cancers of the prostate and breast among Japanese and white immigrants in Los Angeles County. Br J Cancer. 1991 Jun;63(6):963-6.Full text  Abstract

13. Muir CS, Nectoux J, Staszewski J. The epidemiology of prostatic cancer. Geographical distribution and time trends. Acta Oncol. 1991;30(2):133-40. Abstract

14. Liss MA, Al-Bayati O, Gelfond J, et al. Higher baseline dietary fat and fatty acid intake is associated with increased risk of incident prostate cancer in the SABOR study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2019 May;22(2):244-51. Abstract

15. Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C. Fried food and prostate cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015;66(5):587-9. Abstract

16. Michels N, Specht IO, Heitmann BL, et al. Dietary trans-fatty acid intake in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2021 Jun 4;79(7):758-76.Full text  Abstract

17. Cirne F, Kappel C, Zhou S, et al. Modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2022 Sep;25(3):453-62. Abstract

18. Xu C, Han FF, Zeng XT, et al. Fat intake is not linked to prostate cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 17;10(7):e0131747.Full text  Abstract

19. Goncalves MD, Hopkins BD, Cantley LC. Dietary fat and sugar in promoting cancer development and progression. Ann Rev Cancer Biol. 2019 Mar;1:255-73.Full text

20. Kiciński M, Vangronsveld J, Nawrot TS. An epidemiological reappraisal of the familial aggregation of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e27130.Full text  Abstract

21. Ewing CM, Ray AM, Lange EM, et al. Germline mutations in HOXB13 and prostate-cancer risk. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 12;366(2):141-9.Full text  Abstract

22. Wang G, Zhao D, Spring DJ, et al. Genetics and biology of prostate cancer. Genes Dev. 2018 Sep 1;32(17-18):1105-40. Abstract

23. Nyberg T, Tischkowitz M, Antoniou AC. BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants and prostate cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2022 Apr;126(7):1067-81.Full text  Abstract

24. Ryan S, Jenkins MA, Win AK. Risk of prostate cancer in Lynch syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Mar;23(3):437-49.Full text  Abstract

25. Tsodikov A, Gulati R, de Carvalho TM, et al. Is prostate cancer different in black men? Answers from 3 natural history models. Cancer. 2017 Jun 15;123(12):2312-9.Full text  Abstract

26. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: prostate cancer early detection [internet publication].Full text

27. Bostwick DG. High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: the most likely precursor of prostate cancer. Cancer. 1995;75:1823-36.

28. Davidson D, Bostwick DG, Qian J, et al. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a risk factor for adenocarcinoma: predictive accuracy in needle biopsies. J Urol. 1995 Oct;154(4):1295-9. Abstract

29. Bubendorf L, Schopfer A, Wagner U, et al. Metastatic patterns of prostate cancer: an autopsy study of 1,589 patients. Hum Pathol. 2000 May;31(5):578-83. Abstract

30. National Cancer Institute; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER). SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2004. November 2007 [internet publication].Full text

31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Who is at risk for prostate cancer?​ July 2023 [internet publication].Full text

32. Billis A. Latent carcinoma and atypical lesions of prostate: an autopsy study. Urology. 1986 Oct;28(4):324-9. Abstract

33. Vince RA Jr, Jiang R, Bank M, et al. Evaluation of social determinants of health and prostate cancer outcomes among black and white patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Jan 3;6(1):e2250416.Full text  Abstract

34. Schumacher FR, Basourakos SP, Lewicki PJ, et al. Race and genetic alterations in prostate cancer. JCO Precis Oncol. 2021;5:PO.21.00324.Full text  Abstract

35. Castro E, Goh C, Olmos D, et al. Germline BRCA mutations are associated with higher risk of nodal involvement, distant metastasis, and poor survival outcomes in prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013 May 10;31(14):1748-57.Full text  Abstract

36. Page EC, Bancroft EK, Brook MN, et al. Interim results from the IMPACT study: evidence for prostate-specific antigen screening in BRCA2 mutation carriers. Eur Urol. 2019 Dec;76(6):831-42.Full text  Abstract

37. Thompson IM, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, et al. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 17;349(3):215-24.Full text  Abstract

38. Andriole GL, Bostwick DG, Brawley OW, et al. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 1;362(13):1192-202.Full text  Abstract

39. Unger JM, Hershman DL, Till C, et al. Using medicare claims to examine long-term prostate cancer risk of finasteride in the Prostate Cancer Prevention trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018 Nov 1;110(11):1208-15.Full text  Abstract

40. Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Darke AK, et al. Long-term effects of finasteride on prostate cancer mortality. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 24;380(4):393-4. Abstract

41. Björnebo L, Nordström T, Discacciati A, et al. Association of 5α-reductase inhibitors with prostate cancer mortality. JAMA Oncol. 2022 Jul 1;8(7):1019-26.Full text  Abstract

42. Sarkar RR, Parsons JK, Bryant AK, et al. Association of treatment with 5α-reductase inhibitors with time to diagnosis and mortality in prostate cancer. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Jun 1;179(6):812-9.Full text  Abstract

43. Applegate CC, Rowles JL, Ranard KM, et al. Soy consumption and the risk of prostate cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2018 Jan 4;10(1):40. Abstract

44. Gaziano JM, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, et al. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of prostate and total cancer in men: The physicians' health study II randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009 Jan 7;301(1):52-62.Full text  Abstract

45. Klein EA, Thompson IM Jr, Tangen CM, et al. Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA. 2011 Oct 12;306(14):1549-56.Full text  Abstract

46. Lippman SMK, Parnes HLM, III, JDC, et al. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial (SELECT). JAMA. 2009 Jan 7;301(1):39-51. Abstract

47. Jiang L, Yang KH, Tian JH, et al. Efficacy of antioxidant vitamins and selenium supplement in prostate cancer prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Cancer. 2010;62(6):719-27. Abstract

48. Vinceti M, Filippini T, Del Giovane C, et al. Selenium for preventing cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jan 29;(1):CD005195.Full text  Abstract

49. Gaziano JM, Sesso HD, Christen WG, et al. Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Nov 14;308(18):1871-80.Full text  Abstract

50. Van Patten CL. Diet and dietary supplement intervention trials for the prevention of prostate cancer recurrence: a review of the randomized controlled trial evidence. J Urol. 2008 Dec;180(6):2314-21. Abstract

51. Morgan TO, Jacobsen SJ, McCarthy WF, et al. Age-specific reference ranges for serum prostate-specific antigen in black men. N Engl J Med. 1996 Aug 1;335(5):304-10.Full text  Abstract

52. Wei JT, Barocas D, Carlsson S, et al. Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA/SUO guideline part I: prostate cancer screening. J Urol. 2023 Jul;210(1):46-53.Full text  Abstract

53. Eastham JA, Riedel E, Scardino PT, et al. Variation of serum prostate-specific antigen levels: an evaluation of year-to-year fluctuations. JAMA. 2003 May 28;289(20):2695-700.Full text  Abstract

54. American Urological Association. Prostate-specific antigen best practice policy. Oncology (Williston Park). Oncology (Williston Park). 2000 Feb;14(2):267-72. Abstract

55. American Cancer Society. American Cancer Society recommendations for prostate cancer early detection. April 2021 [internet publication].Full text

56. Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 May 8;319(18):1901-13.Full text  Abstract

57. Carroll P, Coley C, McLeod D, et al. Prostate-specific antigen best practice policy - part I: early detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer. Urology. 2001 Feb;57(2):217-24. Abstract

58. American Cancer Society. Screening tests for prostate cancer. January 2021 [internet publication].Full text

59. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text

60. Carter HB, Pearson JD, Metter EJ, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of prostate-specific antigen levels in men with and without prostate disease. JAMA. 1992 Apr 22-29;267(16):2215-20.Full text  Abstract

61. Partin AW, Brawer MK, Subong EN, et al. Prospective evaluation of percent free-PSA and complexed-PSA for early detection of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 1998 Jun;1(4):197-203.Full text  Abstract

62. Yusim I, Krenawi M, Mazor E, et al. The use of prostate specific antigen density to predict clinically significant prostate cancer. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 17;10(1):20015.Full text  Abstract

63. Omri N, Kamil M, Alexander K, et al. Association between PSA density and pathologically significant prostate cancer: the impact of prostate volume. Prostate. 2020 Dec;80(16):1444-9. Abstract

64. Maggi M, Panebianco V, Mosca A, et al. Prostate imaging reporting and data system 3 category cases at multiparametric magnetic resonance for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol Focus. 2020 May 15;6(3):463-78. Abstract

65. Loeb S, Catalona WJ. Prostate-specific antigen in clinical practice. Cancer Lett. 2007 Apr 28;249(1):30-9. Abstract

66. Sengupta S, Myers RP, Slezak JM, et al. Preoperative prostate specific antigen doubling time and velocity are strong and independent predictors of outcomes following radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2005 Dec;174(6):2191-6. Abstract

67. Sutcliffe P, Hummel S, Simpson E, et al. Use of classical and novel biomarkers as prognostic risk factors for localised prostate cancer: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess. 2009 Jan;13(5):iii, xi-xiii 1-219. Abstract

68. Vickers AJ, Savage C, O'Brien MF, et al. Systematic review of pretreatment prostate-specific antigen velocity and doubling time as predictors for prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jan 20;27(3):398-403.Full text  Abstract

69. Vickers AJ, Till C, Tangen CM, et al. An empirical evaluation of guidelines on prostate-specific antigen velocity in prostate cancer detection. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011 Mar 16;103(6):462-9.Full text  Abstract

70. Ankerst DP, Straubinger J, Selig K, et al. A contemporary prostate biopsy risk calculator based on multiple heterogeneous cohorts. Eur Urol. 2018 Aug;74(2):197-203.Full text  Abstract

71. Parker C, Castro E, Fizazi K, et al. Prostate cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2020 Sep;31(9):1119-34.Full text  Abstract

72. Wei JT, Barocas D, Carlsson S, et al. Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA/SUO guideline part II: considerations for a prostate Biopsy. J Urol. 2023 Jul;210(1):54-63.Full text  Abstract

73. Ahmed HU, El-Shater Bosaily A, Brown LC, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): a paired validating confirmatory study. Lancet. 2017 Feb 25;389(10071):815-22.Full text  Abstract

74. Elwenspoek MMC, Sheppard AL, McInnes MDF, et al. Comparison of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and targeted biopsy with systematic biopsy alone for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Aug 2;2(8):e198427.Full text  Abstract

75. Padhani AR, Barentsz J, Villeirs G, et al. PI-RADS steering committee: the PI-RADS multiparametric MRI and MRI-directed biopsy pathway. Radiology. 2019 Aug;292(2):464-74.Full text  Abstract

76. van der Leest M, Cornel E, Israël B, et al. Head-to-head comparison of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy versus multiparametric prostate resonance imaging with subsequent magnetic resonance-guided biopsy in biopsy-naïve men with elevated prostate-specific antigen: a large prospective multicenter clinical study. Eur Urol. 2019 Apr;75(4):570-8.Full text  Abstract

77. Nicholson A, Mahon J, Boland A, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the PROGENSA® prostate cancer antigen 3 assay and the Prostate Health Index in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2015 Oct;19(87):i-xxxi, 1-191.Full text  Abstract

78. Bryant RJ, Sjoberg DD, Vickers AJ, et al. Predicting high-grade cancer at ten-core prostate biopsy using four kallikrein markers measured in blood in the ProtecT study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015 Apr 11;107(7).Full text  Abstract

79. Parekh DJ, Punnen S, Sjoberg DD, et al. A multi-institutional prospective trial in the USA confirms that the 4Kscore accurately identifies men with high-grade prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2015 Sep;68(3):464-70. Abstract

80. Zappala SM, Dong Y, Linder V, et al. The 4Kscore blood test accurately identifies men with aggressive prostate cancer prior to prostate biopsy with or without DRE information. Int J Clin Pract. 2017 Jun;71(6). Abstract

81. Punnen S, Freedland SJ, Polascik TJ, et al. A multi-institutional prospective trial confirms noninvasive blood test maintains predictive value in African American men. J Urol. 2018 Jun;199(6):1459-63. Abstract

82. Van Neste L, Hendriks RJ, Dijkstra S, et al. Detection of high-grade prostate cancer using a urinary molecular biomarker-based risk score. Eur Urol. 2016 Nov;70(5):740-8. Abstract

83. Leyten GH, Hessels D, Jannink SA, et al. Prospective multicentre evaluation of PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions as diagnostic and prognostic urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2014 Mar;65(3):534-42. Abstract

84. Bradley LA, Palomaki GE, Gutman S, et al. Comparative effectiveness review: prostate cancer antigen 3 testing for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. J Urol. 2013 Aug;190(2):389-98. Abstract

85. Wei JT, Feng Z, Partin AW, et al. Can urinary PCA3 supplement PSA in the early detection of prostate cancer? J Clin Oncol. 2014 Dec 20;32(36):4066-72.Full text  Abstract

86. McKiernan J, Donovan MJ, O'Neill V, et al. A novel urine exosome gene expression assay to predict high-grade prostate cancer at initial biopsy. JAMA Oncol. 2016 Jul 1;2(7):882-9.Full text  Abstract

87. McKiernan J, Donovan MJ, Margolis E, et al. A prospective adaptive utility trial to validate performance of a novel urine exosome gene expression assay to predict high-grade prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen 2-10ng/ml at initial biopsy. Eur Urol. 2018 Dec;74(6):731-8.Full text  Abstract

88. Tomlins SA, Day JR, Lonigro RJ, et al. Urine TMPRSS2:ERG plus PCA3 for individualized prostate cancer risk assessment. Eur Urol. 2016 Jul;70(1):45-53.Full text  Abstract

89. Tosoian JJ, Trock BJ, Morgan TM, et al. Use of the MyProstateScore test to rule out clinically significant cancer: validation of a straightforward clinical testing approach. J Urol. 2021 Mar;205(3):732-9.Full text  Abstract

90. Tomlins SA, Rhodes DR, Perner S, et al. Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer. Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):644-8. Abstract

91. Klein EA, Partin A, Lotan Y, et al. Clinical validation of IsoPSA, a single parameter, structure-focused assay for improved detection of prostate cancer: a prospective, multicenter study. Urol Oncol. 2022 Sep;40(9):408.e9-408.e18.Full text  Abstract

92. Scovell JM, Hettel D, Abouassaly R, et al. IsoPSA(®) Reduces Provider Recommendations for Biopsy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Men with Total Prostate Specific Antigen ≥4 ng/ml: A Real-World Observational Clinical Utility Study. Urol Pract. 2022 Mar;9(2):173-80.Full text  Abstract

93. Drost FH, Osses DF, Nieboer D, et al. Prostate MRI, with or without MRI-targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Apr 25;4(4):CD012663.Full text  Abstract

94. Ahdoot M, Wilbur AR, Reese SE, et al. MRI-targeted, systematic, and combined biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 5;382(10):917-28.Full text  Abstract

95. Rouvière O, Puech P, Renard-Penna R, et al. Use of prostate systematic and targeted biopsy on the basis of multiparametric MRI in biopsy-naive patients (MRI-FIRST): a prospective, multicentre, paired diagnostic study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Jan;20(1):100-9. Abstract

96. Moore CM, Robertson NL, Arsanious N, et al. Image-guided prostate biopsy using magnetic resonance imaging-derived targets: a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2013 Jan;63(1):125-40. Abstract

97. Siddiqui MM, Rais-Bahrami S, Turkbey B, et al. Comparison of MR/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy with ultrasound-guided biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. JAMA. 2015 Jan 27;313(4):390-7.Full text  Abstract

98. Wegelin O, Exterkate L, van der Leest M, et al. The FUTURE trial: a multicenter randomised controlled trial on target biopsy techniques based on magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with prior negative biopsies. Eur Urol. 2019 Apr;75(4):582-90.Full text  Abstract

99. Bass EJ, Pantovic A, Connor MJ, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy techniques compared to transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2022 Feb;25(2):174-9.Full text  Abstract

100. Baco E, Rud E, Eri LM, et al. A randomized controlled trial to assess and compare the outcomes of two-core prostate biopsy guided by fused magnetic resonance and transrectal ultrasound images and traditional 12-core systematic biopsy. Eur Urol. 2016 Jan;69(1):149-56.Full text  Abstract

101. Schoots IG, Roobol MJ, Nieboer D, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy may enhance the diagnostic accuracy of significant prostate cancer detection compared to standard transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2015 Sep;68(3):438-50.Full text  Abstract

102. Schoots IG, Nieboer D, Giganti F, et al. Is magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy a useful addition to systematic confirmatory biopsy in men on active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2018 Dec;122(6):946-58.Full text  Abstract

103. Pienta KJ, Gorin MA, Rowe SP, et al. A phase 2/3 prospective multicenter study of the diagnostic accuracy of prostate specific membrane antigen PET/CT with 18F-DCFPyL in prostate cancer patients (OSPREY). J Urol. 2021 Jul;206(1):52-61.Full text  Abstract

104. Fendler WP, Calais J, Eiber M, et al. Assessment of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET accuracy in localizing recurrent prostate cancer: a prospective single-arm clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Jun 1;5(6):856-63.Full text  Abstract

105. Hope TA, Eiber M, Armstrong WR, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET for pelvic nodal metastasis detection prior to radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection: a multicenter prospective phase 3 imaging trial. JAMA Oncol. 2021 Nov 1;7(11):1635-42.Full text  Abstract

106. Hofman MS, Lawrentschuk N, Francis RJ, et al. Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-CT in patients with high-risk prostate cancer before curative-intent surgery or radiotherapy (proPSMA): a prospective, randomised, multicentre study. Lancet. 2020 Apr 11;395(10231):1208-16. Abstract

107. Jani AB, Ravizzini GC, Gartrell BA, et al. Diagnostic performance and safety of (18)F-rhPSMA-7.3 positron emission tomography in men with suspected prostate cancer recurrence: results from a phase 3, prospective, multicenter study (SPOTLIGHT). J Urol. 2023 Aug;210(2):299-311.Full text  Abstract

108. Surasi DS, Eiber M, Maurer T, et al. Diagnostic performance and safety of positron emission tomography with (18)F-rhPSMA-7.3 in patients with Nnewly diagnosed unfavourable intermediate- to very-high-risk prostate cancer: results from a phase 3, prospective, multicentre study (LIGHTHOUSE). Eur Urol. 2023 Oct;84(4):361-70.Full text  Abstract

109. Jairath NK, Dal Pra A, Vince R Jr, et al. A systematic review of the evidence for the decipher genomic classifier in prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2021 Mar;79(3):374-83. Abstract

110. Sommariva S, Tarricone R, Lazzeri M, et al. Prognostic value of the cell cycle progression score in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2016 Jan;69(1):107-15. Abstract

111. Covas Moschovas M, Chew C, Bhat S, et al. Association between oncotype DX genomic prostate score and adverse tumor pathology after radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol Focus. 2022 Mar;8(2):418-24. Abstract

112. Eggener SE, Rumble RB, Armstrong AJ, et al. Molecular biomarkers in localized prostate cancer: ASCO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2020 May 1;38(13):1474-94.Full text  Abstract

113. Tosoian JJ, Chappidi M, Feng Z, et al. Prediction of pathological stage based on clinical stage, serum prostate-specific antigen, and biopsy Gleason score: Partin Tables in the contemporary era. BJU Int. 2017 May;119(5):676-83.Full text  Abstract

114. Shariat SF, Karakiewicz PI, Suardi N, et al. Comparison of nomograms with other methods for predicting outcomes in prostate cancer: a critical analysis of the literature. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jul 15;14(14):4400-7.Full text  Abstract

115. Schulman CC, Irani J, Morote J, et al. Testosterone measurement in patients with prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2010 Jul;58(1):65-74. Abstract

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117. Epstein JI, Zelefsky MJ, Sjoberg DD, et al. A contemporary prostate cancer grading system: a validated alternative to the Gleason score. Eur Urol. 2016 Mar;69(3):428-35.Full text  Abstract

118. Epstein JI, Egevad L, Amin MB, et al. The 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma: definition of grading patterns and proposal for a new grading system. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016 Feb;40(2):244-52. Abstract

119. Lehrer S, Stone NN, Droller MJ, et al. Association between American Urologic Association (AUA) urinary symptom score and disease stage in men with localized prostate cancer. Urol Oncol. 2002 Mar-Apr;7(2):73-6. Abstract

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123. American College of Radiology. Prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS), v2.1. 2015 [internet publication].Full text

124. Ilic D, Djulbegovic M, Jung JH, et al. Prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2018 Sep 5;362:k3519.Full text  Abstract

125. Tikkinen KAO, Dahm P, Lytvyn L, et al. Prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2018 Sep 5;362:k3581.Full text  Abstract

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