Type 2 diabetes in adults

American Diabetes Association[2]American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Suppl 1):S1-193. https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/42/Supplement_1

One of four tests can be used to establish a firm diagnosis of diabetes:

• Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) >6.9 mmol/L (>125 mg/dL) (most commonly used)

• Random plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L (≥200 mg/dL) with diabetes symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, or weight loss

• 2-hour post-load glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L (≥200 mg/dL) on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test

• HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (≥6.5%).

All of these require confirmation with a second test, which may be the same test or a different test. One option is to test both HbA1c and FPG on a single blood sample.