References
Key articles
Pearle MS, Goldfarb DS, Assimos DG, et al. Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2014 Aug;192(2):316-24.Full text Abstract
European Association of Urology. Urolithiasis. Mar 2023 [internet publication].Full text
Assimos D, Krambeck A, Miller NL, et al. Surgical management of stones: American Urological Association/Endourological Society Guideline. 2016 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
1. Khan SR, Pearle MS, Robertson WG, et al. Kidney stones. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Feb 25;2:16008.Full text Abstract
2. Eisner BH, Goldfarb DS, Baum MA, et al. Evaluation and medical management of patients with cystine nephrolithiasis: a consensus statement. J Endourol. 2020 Nov;34(11):1103-10.Full text Abstract
3. Scales CD Jr, Smith AC, Hanley JM, et al. Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States. Eur Urol. 2012 Jul;62(1):160-5.Full text Abstract
4. Sorokin I, Mamoulakis C, Miyazawa K, et al. Epidemiology of stone disease across the world. World J Urol. 2017 Sep;35(9):1301-20. Abstract
5. Liu Y, Chen Y, Liao B, et al. Epidemiology of urolithiasis in Asia. Asian J Urol. 2018 Oct;5(4):205-14.Full text Abstract
6. Tasian GE, Ross ME, Song L, et al. Annual incidence of nephrolithiasis among children and adults in South Carolina from 1997 to 2012. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Mar 7;11(3):488-96.Full text Abstract
7. Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Rev Urol. 2010 Spring;12(2-3):e86-96. Abstract
8. Fakheri RJ, Goldfarb DS. Ambient temperature as a contributor to kidney stone formation: implications of global warming. Kidney Int. 2011 Jun;79(11):1178-85.Full text Abstract
9. Liu J, Varghese BM, Hansen A, et al. Hot weather as a risk factor for kidney disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Dec 20;801:149806. Abstract
10. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, et al. Body size and risk of kidney stones. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998 Sep;9(9):1645-52.Full text Abstract
11. Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones. JAMA. 2005 Jan 26;293(4):455-62.Full text Abstract
12. Aune D, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Norat T, et al. Body fatness, diabetes, physical activity and risk of kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018 Nov;33(11):1033-47.Full text Abstract
13. Worcester EM. Inhibitors of stone formation. Semin Nephrol. 1996;16:474-486. Abstract
14. Evan AP, Lingeman JE, Coe FL, et al. Randall's plaque of patients with nephrolithiasis begins in basement membranes of thin loops of Henle. J Clin Invest. 2003;111:607-616.Full text Abstract
15. Agarwal MM, Singh SK, Mavuduru R, et al. Preventive fluid and dietary therapy for urolithiasis: an appraisal of strength, controversies and lacunae of current literature. Indian J Urol. 2011 Jul;27(3):310-9.Full text Abstract
16. Borghi L, Meschi T, Schianchi T, et al. Urine volume: stone risk factor and preventive measure. Nephron. 1999;8(suppl 1):31-7. Abstract
17. Pearle MS, Goldfarb DS, Assimos DG, et al. Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2014 Aug;192(2):316-24.Full text Abstract
18. Cheungpasitporn W, Rossetti S, Friend K, et al. Treatment effect, adherence, and safety of high fluid intake for the prevention of incident and recurrent kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nephrol. 2016 Apr;29(2):211-9.Full text Abstract
19. Bao Y, Tu X, Wei Q. Water for preventing urinary stones. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Feb 11;2:CD004292.Full text Abstract
20. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, et al. A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 25;328(12):833-8.Full text Abstract
21. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, et al. Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women. Ann Intern Med. 1997 Apr 1;126(7):497-504. Abstract
22. Sakhaee K, Harvey JA, Padalino PK, et al. The potential role of salt abuse on the risk for kidney stone formation. J Urol. 1993 Aug;150(2 pt 1):310-2. Abstract
23. Soucie JM, Thun MJ, Coates RJ, et al. Demographic and geographic variability of kidney stones in the United States. Kidney Int. 1994 Sep;46(3):893-9. Abstract
24. Sarmina I, Spirnak JP, Resnick MI. Urinary lithiasis in the black population: an epidemiological study and review of the literature. J Urol. 1987 Jul;138(1):14-7. Abstract
25. Hiatt RA, Dales LG, Friedman GD, et al. Frequency of urolithiasis in a prepaid medical care program. Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Feb;115(2):255-65. Abstract
26. Stamatelou KK, Francis ME, Jones CA, et al. Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976-1994. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1817-23. Abstract
27. Perletti G, Magri V, Ferraro PM, et al. Influence of dietary energy intake on nephrolithiasis - a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2020 Apr 6;92(1):30-3.Full text Abstract
28. Rahman IA, Nusaly IF, Syahrir S, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome components and the risk of developing nephrolithiasis: a systematic review and bayesian meta-analysis. F1000Res. 2021;10:104.Full text Abstract
29. Geraghty R, Abdi A, Somani B, et al. Does chronic hyperglycaemia increase the risk of kidney stone disease? results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020 Jan 19;10(1):e032094.Full text Abstract
30. Wijarnpreecha K, Lou S, Panjawatanan P, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and urolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2018 Dec;27(4):427-32. Abstract
31. Jung H, Andonian S, Assimos D, et al. Urolithiasis: evaluation, dietary factors, and medical management: an update of the 2014 SIU-ICUD international consultation on stone disease. World J Urol. 2017 Sep;35(9):1331-40. Abstract
32. Gadiyar N, Geraghty RM, Premakumar Y, et al. Changes in urine composition and risk of kidney stone disease following bariatric surgery: a systematic review over last 2 decades. Curr Urol Rep. 2022 Nov;23(11):279-95. Abstract
33. Premakumar Y, Gadiyar N, Hameed BMZ, et al. Association of kidney stone disease (KSD) with primary gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review over last 2 decades. Curr Urol Rep. 2021 May 24;22(6):34.Full text Abstract
34. Geraghty RM, Proietti S, Traxer O, et al. Worldwide impact of warmer seasons on the incidence of renal colic and kidney stone disease: evidence from a systematic review of literature. J Endourol. 2017 Aug;31(8):729-35. Abstract
35. Zhang Y, Long G, Ding B, et al. The impact of ambient temperature on the incidence of urolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2020 Mar 1;46(2):117-26.Full text Abstract
36. Policastro LJ, Saggi SJ, Goldfarb DS, et al. Personalized intervention in monogenic stone formers. J Urol. 2018 Mar;199(3):623-32.Full text Abstract
37. Atmoko W, Raharja PAR, Birowo P, et al. Genetic polymorphisms as prognostic factors for recurrent kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 May 6;16(5):e0251235.Full text Abstract
38. Daudon M, Frochot V, Bazin D, et al. Drug-induced kidney stones and crystalline nephropathy: pathophysiology, prevention and treatment. Drugs. 2018 Feb;78(2):163-201. Abstract
39. Tasian GE, Jemielita T, Goldfarb DS, et al. Oral antibiotic exposure and kidney stone disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Jun;29(6):1731-40. Abstract
40. Asoudeh F, Talebi S, Jayedi A, et al. Associations of total protein or animal protein intake and animal protein sources with risk of kidney stones: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2022 Jun 1;13(3):821-32.Full text Abstract
41. Borghi L, Schianchi T, Meschi T, et al. Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 10;346(2):77-84.Full text Abstract
42. Ferraro PM, Mandel EI, Curhan GC, et al. Dietary protein and potassium, diet-dependent net acid load, and risk of incident kidney stones. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Oct 7;11(10):1834-44.Full text Abstract
43. Dai JC, Pearle MS. Diet and stone disease in 2022. J Clin Med. 2022 Aug 13;11(16):4740.Full text Abstract
44. Jiang K, Tang K, Liu H, et al. Ascorbic Acid supplements and kidney stones incidence among men and women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol J. 2019 May 5;16(2):115-20.Full text Abstract
45. Thomas LD, Elinder CG, Tiselius HG, et al. Ascorbic acid supplements and kidney stone incidence among men: a prospective study. JAMA Intern Med. 2013 Mar 11;173(5):386-8. Abstract
46. Lin BB, Lin ME, Huang RH, et al. Dietary and lifestyle factors for primary prevention of nephrolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 2020 Jul 11;21(1):267.Full text Abstract
47. Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wei W. Effect of dietary treatment and fluid intake on the prevention of recurrent calcium stones and changes in urine composition: a meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0250257.Full text Abstract
48. European Association of Urology. Urolithiasis. Mar 2023 [internet publication].Full text
49. Minotti B, Treglia G, Pascale M, et al. Prevalence of microhematuria in renal colic and urolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Urol. 2020 Aug 8;20(1):119.Full text Abstract
50. Mefford JM, Tungate RM, Amini L, et al. A comparison of urolithiasis in the presence and absence of microscopic hematuria in the emergency department. West J Emerg Med. 2017 Jun;18(4):775-9.Full text Abstract
51. Ganesan C, Weia B, Thomas IC, et al. Analysis of primary hyperparathyroidism screening among US veterans with kidney stones. JAMA Surg. 2020 Sep 1;155(9):861-8.Full text Abstract
52. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute onset flank pain-suspicion of stone disease (urolithiasis). 2023 [internet publication].Full text
53. Fulgham PF, Assimos DG, Pearle MS, et al. Clinical effectiveness protocols for imaging in the management of ureteral calculous disease: AUA Technology Assessment. J Urol. 2013 Apr;189(4):1203-13.Full text Abstract
54. Ripollés T, Agramunt M, Errando J, et al. Suspected ureteral colic: plain film and sonography vs unenhanced helical CT. A prospective study in 66 patients. Eur Radiol. 2004 Jan;14(1):129-36. Abstract
55. Gorelik U, Ulish Y, Yagil Y. The use of standard imaging techniques and their diagnostic value in the workup of renal colic in the setting of intractable flank pain. Urology. 1996 May;47(5):637-42. Abstract
56. Dalla Palma L, Stacul F, Bazzocchi M, et al. Ultrasonography and plain film versus intravenous urography in ureteric colic. Clin Radiol. 1993 May;47(5):333-6. Abstract
57. Smith-Bindman R, Aubin C, Bailitz J, et al. Ultrasonography versus computed tomography for suspected nephrolithiasis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 18;371(12):1100-10.Full text Abstract
58. Metzler IS, Smith-Bindman R, Moghadassi M, et al. Emergency department imaging modality effect on surgical management of nephrolithiasis: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. J Urol. 2017 Mar;197(3 pt 1):710-4.Full text Abstract
59. Wong C, Teitge B, Ross M, et al. The accuracy and prognostic value of point-of-care ultrasound for nephrolithiasis in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2018 Jun;25(6):684-98.Full text Abstract
60. ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice. Committee opinion no. 723: Guidelines for diagnostic imaging during pregnancy and lactation. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Oct;130(4):e210-6.Full text Abstract
61. Valovska MI, Pais VM Jr. Contemporary best practice urolithiasis in pregnancy. Ther Adv Urol. 2018 Apr;10(4):127-38.Full text Abstract
62. Grivas N, Thomas K, Drake T, et al. Imaging modalities and treatment of paediatric upper tract urolithiasis: a systematic review and update on behalf of the EAU urolithiasis guidelines panel. J Pediatr Urol. 2020 Oct;16(5):612-24. Abstract
63. McGrath TA, Frank RA, Schieda N, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) to differentiate uric acid from non-uric acid calculi: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2020 May;30(5):2791-801. Abstract
64. Worcester EM, Coe FL. Clinical practice. Calcium kidney stones. N Engl J Med. 2010 Sep 2;363(10):954-63.Full text Abstract
65. Uribarri J, Oh MS, Carroll HJ. The first kidney stone. Ann Intern Med. 1989 Dec 15;111(12):1006-9. Abstract
66. Moore CL, Daniels B, Ghita M, et al. Accuracy of reduced-dose computed tomography for ureteral stones in emergency department patients. Ann Emerg Med. 2015 Feb;65(2):189-98.Full text Abstract
67. American Urological Association. Microhematuria: AUA/SUFU guideline. 2020 [internet publication].Full text
68. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: hematuria. 2019 [internet publication].Full text
69. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: hematuria - child. 2018 [internet publication].Full text
70. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: acute nonlocalized abdominal pain. 2018 [internet publication].Full text
71. Assimos D, Krambeck A, Miller NL, et al. Surgical management of stones: American Urological Association/Endourological Society Guideline. 2016 [internet publication].Full text
72. Canadian Urological Association. Evaluation and medical management of kidney stones. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Full text
73. Sammon JD, Ghani KR, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Temporal trends, practice patterns, and treatment outcomes for infected upper urinary tract stones in the United States. Eur Urol. 2013 Jul;64(1):85-92. Abstract
74. Dreger NM, Degener S, Ahmad-Nejad P, et al. Urosepsis--etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015 Dec 4;112(49):837-47.Full text Abstract
75. Pathan SA, Mitra B, Cameron PA. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and paracetamol in the treatment of acute renal colic. Eur Urol. 2018 Apr;73(4):583-95. Abstract
76. Afshar K, Jafari S, Marks AJ, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and non-opioids for acute renal colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun 29;(6):CD006027.Full text Abstract
77. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Renal and ureteric stones: assessment and management. Jan 2019 [internet publication].Full text
78. Davenport K, Waine E. The role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in renal colic. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2010 Apr 28;3(5):1304-10.Full text Abstract
79. Gu HY, Luo J, Wu JY, et al. Increasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and reducing opioids or paracetamol in the management of acute renal colic: based on three-stage study design of network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:96.Full text Abstract
80. Fakhr Yasseri A, Saatchi M, Khatami F, et al. The prevalence of renal stones and outcomes of conservative treatment in kidney transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol J. 2021 May 8;18(3):252-8.Full text Abstract
81. Jendeberg J, Geijer H, Alshamari M, et al. Size matters: the width and location of a ureteral stone accurately predict the chance of spontaneous passage. Eur Radiol. 2017 Nov;27(11):4775-85.Full text Abstract
82. Eisner BH, Goldfarb DS, Pareek G. Pharmacologic treatment of kidney stone disease. Urol Clin North Am. 2013 Feb;40(1):21-30. Abstract
83. Campschroer T, Zhu X, Vernooij RW, et al. Alpha-blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;(4):CD008509.Full text Abstract
84. Sridharan K, Sivaramakrishnan G. Efficacy and safety of alpha blockers in medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones: a mixed treatment network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Mar;11(3):291-307. Abstract
85. Meltzer AC, Burrows PK, Wolfson AB, et al. Effect of tamsulosin on passage of symptomatic ureteral stones: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Aug 1;178(8):1051-7.Full text Abstract
86. Hollingsworth JM, Canales BK, Rogers MA, et al. Alpha blockers for treatment of ureteric stones: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2016 Dec 1;355:i6112.Full text Abstract
87. Wang RC, Smith-Bindman R, Whitaker E, et al. Effect of tamsulosin on stone passage for ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 2017 Mar;69(3):353-61.e3. Abstract
88. Aboumarzouk OM, Jones P, Amer T, et al. What is the role of alpha-blockers for medical expulsive therapy? Results rrom a meta-analysis of 60 randomized trials and over 9500 patients. Urology. 2018 Sep;119:5-16.Full text Abstract
89. Hsu YP, Hsu CW, Bai CH, et al. Silodosin versus tamsulosin for medical expulsive treatment of ureteral stones: aA systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0203035.Full text Abstract
90. Oestreich MC, Vernooij RW, Sathianathen NJ, et al. Alpha-blockers after shock wave lithotripsy for renal or ureteral stones in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 12;(11):CD013393.Full text Abstract
91. Micali S, Grande M, Sighinolfi MC, et al. Medical therapy of urolithiasis. J Endourol. 2006 Nov;20(11):841-7. Abstract
92. Lingeman JE, Matlaga BR, Evan AP. Surgical management of upper urinary tract calculi. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, et al., eds. Campbell's urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:1431-507.
93. Mantica G, Balzarini F, Chierigo F, et al. The fight between PCNL, laparoscopic and robotic pyelolithotomy: do we have a winner? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Urol Nephrol. 2022 Apr;74(2):169-77.Full text Abstract
94. Geraghty R, Burr J, Simmonds N, et al. Shock wave lithotripsy outcomes for lower pole and non-lower pole stones from a university teaching hospital: parallel group comparison during the same time period. Urol Ann. 2015 Jan-Mar;7(1):46-8.Full text Abstract
95. Junbo L, Yugen L, Guo J, et al. Retrograde intrarenal surgery vs. percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs. extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for lower pole renal stones 10-20 mm : a meta-analysis and systematic review. Urol J. 2019 May 5;16(2):97-106.Full text Abstract
96. Bozzini G, Verze P, Arcaniolo D, et al. A prospective randomized comparison among SWL, PCNL and RIRS for lower calyceal stones less than 2 cm: a multicenter experience : a better understanding on the treatment options for lower pole stones. World J Urol. 2017 Dec;35(12):1967-75. Abstract
97. Kachel TA, Vijan SR, Dretler SP. Endourological experience with cystine calculi and a treatment algorithm. J Urol. 1991 Jan;145(1):25-8. Abstract
98. Grasso M, Ficazzola M. Retrograde ureteropyeloscopy for lower pole caliceal calculi. J Urol. 1999 Dec;162(6):1904-8. Abstract
99. Aboumarzouk OM, Monga M, Kata SG, et al. Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy for stones >2 cm: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endourol. 2012 Oct;26(10):1257-63. Abstract
100. Barone B, Crocetto F, Vitale R, et al. Retrograde intra renal surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones >2 cm. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2020 Aug;72(4):441-50.Full text Abstract
101. Soderberg L, Ergun O, Ding M, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for treatment of renal stones in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Nov 13;(11):CD013445. Abstract
102. Ordonez M, Hwang EC, Borofsky M, et al. Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Feb 6;2:CD012703.Full text Abstract
103. Zhu Y, Duijvesz D, Rovers MM, et al. Alpha-blockers to assist stone clearance after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2010 Jul;106(2):256-61. Abstract
104. Wang Z, Bai Y, Wang J. Effects of diuretic administration on outcomes of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020 Mar 5;15(3):e0230059.Full text Abstract
105. Liu LR, Li QJ, Wei Q, et al. Percussion, diuresis, and inversion therapy for the passage of lower pole kidney stones following shock wave lithotripsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(12):CD008569.Full text Abstract
106. Dong L, Wang F, Chen H, et al. The efficacy and safety of diuretics on extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy treatment of urolithiasis: A systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Jun 19;99(25):e20602.Full text Abstract
107. Reynolds LF, Kroczak T, Pace KT. Indications and contraindications for shock wave lithotripsy and how to improve outcomes. Asian J Urol. 2018 Oct;5(4):256-63.Full text Abstract
108. Davis NF, Quinlan MR, Browne C, et al. Single-use flexible ureteropyeloscopy: a systematic review. World J Urol. 2018 Apr;36(4):529-36.Full text Abstract
109. Fahmy O, Shsm H, Lee C, et al. Impact of preoperative stenting on the outcome of flexible ureterorenoscopy for upper urinary tract urolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Int. 2022;106(7):679-87. Abstract
110. Chen H, Pan Y, Xiao M, et al. The outcomes of pre-stenting on renal and ureteral stones: a meta-analysis. Urol Int. 2022;106(5):495-503. Abstract
111. Law YXT, Teoh JYC, Castellani D, et al. Role of pre-operative ureteral stent on outcomes of retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS): systematic review and meta-analysis of 3831 patients and comparison of Asian and non-Asian cohorts. World J Urol. 2022 Jun;40(6):1377-89. Abstract
112. Dell'Atti L, Papa S. Ten-year experience in the management of distal ureteral stones greater than 10 mm in size. G Chir. 2016 Jan-Feb;37(1):27-30.Full text Abstract
113. Cui X, Ji F, Yan H, et al. Comparison between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy for treating large proximal ureteral stones: a meta-analysis. Urology. 2015 Apr;85(4):748-56. Abstract
114. Drake T, Grivas N, Dabestani S, et al. What are the benefits and harms of ureteroscopy compared with shock-wave lithotripsy in the treatment of upper ureteral stones? A systematic review. Eur Urol. 2017 Nov;72(5):772-86. Abstract
115. Aboumarzouk OM, Kata SG, Keeley FX, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus ureteroscopic management for ureteric calculi. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(5):CD006029.Full text Abstract
116. Maheshwari PN, Oswal AT, Andankar M, et al. Is antegrade ureteroscopy better than retrograde ureteroscopy for impacted large upper ureteral calculi? J Endourol. 1999 Jul-Aug;13(6):441-4. Abstract
117. el-Nahas AR, Eraky I, el-Assmy AM, et al. Percutaneous treatment of large upper tract stones after urinary diversion. Urology. 2006 Sep;68(3):500-4. Abstract
118. Wang Q, Guo J, Hu H, et al. Rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large proximal ureteral stones: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Feb 9;12(2):e0171478.Full text Abstract
119. Zeng G, Zhong W, Pearle M, et al. European Association of Urology Section of Urolithiasis and International Alliance of Urolithiasis Joint Consensus on percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Eur Urol Focus. 2022 Mar;8(2):588-97. Abstract
120. Breda A, Territo A, Scoffone C, et al. The evaluation of radiologic methods for access guidance in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review of the literature. Scand J Urol. 2018 Apr;52(2):81-6.Full text Abstract
121. Lingeman JE, Coury TA, Newman DM, et al. Comparison of results and morbidity of percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. J Urol. 1987 Sep;138(3):485-90. Abstract
122. Dorantes-Carrillo LA, Basulto-Martínez M, Suárez-Ibarrola R, et al. Retrograde intrarenal surgery versus miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy for kidney stones >1cm: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Urol Focus. 2022 Jan;8(1):259-70. Abstract
123. Zhang B, Hu Y, Gao J, et al. Micropercutaneous versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for the management of moderately sized kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Int. 2020;104(1-2):94-105. Abstract
124. Güler A, Erbin A, Ucpinar B, et al. Comparison of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of large kidney stones: a randomized prospective study. Urolithiasis. 2019 Jun;47(3):289-95. Abstract
125. Kandemir E, Savun M, Sezer A, et al. Comparison of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy in secondary patients: a randomized prospective study. J Endourol. 2020 Jan;34(1):26-32. Abstract
126. Feng D, Hu X, Tang Y, et al. The efficacy and safety of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Investig Clin Urol. 2020 Mar;61(2):115-26.Full text Abstract
127. Semins MJ, Matlaga BR. Kidney stones during pregnancy. Nat Rev Urol. 2014 Mar;11(3):163-8. Abstract
128. Burgess KL, Gettman MT, Rangel LJ, et al. Diagnosis of urolithiasis and rate of spontaneous passage during pregnancy. J Urol. 2011 Dec;186(6):2280-4. Abstract
129. Zhou Q, Chen WQ, Xie XS, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy complicated by urolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nephrol. 2021 Oct;34(5):1569-80. Abstract
130. Semins MJ, Trock BJ, Matlaga BR. The safety of ureteroscopy during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Urol. 2009 Jan;181(1):139-43. Abstract
131. Gambaro G, Croppi E, Coe F, et al; Consensus Conference Group. Metabolic diagnosis and medical prevention of calcium nephrolithiasis and its systemic manifestations: a consensus statement. J Nephrol. 2016 Dec;29(6):715-34.Full text Abstract
132. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA adds Boxed Warning for increased risk of death with gout medicine Uloric (febuxostat). 21 February 2019 [internet publication].Full text
133. White WB, Saag KG, Becker MA, et al. Cardiovascular safety of febuxostat or allopurinol in patients with gout. N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 12;378(13):1200-10.Full text Abstract
134. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Febuxostat (Adenuric): increased risk of cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in clinical trial in patients with a history of major cardiovascular disease. July 2019 [internet publication].Full text
135. Phillips R, Hanchanale VS, Myatt A, et al. Citrate salts for preventing and treating calcium containing kidney stones in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(10):CD010057.Full text Abstract
136. Kern A, Grimsby G, Mayo H, et al. Medical and dietary interventions for preventing recurrent urinary stones in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;(11):CD011252.Full text Abstract
137. Barreto L, Jung JH, Abdelrahim A, et al. Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Oct 9;10:CD010784.Full text Abstract
138. El Said NO, El Wakeel L, Kamal KM, et al. Alfuzosin treatment improves the rate and time for stone expulsion in patients with distal uretral stones: a prospective randomized controlled study. Pharmacotherapy. 2015 May;35(5):470-6. Abstract
139. Sur RL, Shore N, L'Esperance J. Silodosin to facilitate passage of ureteral stones: a multi-institutional, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Urol. 2015 May;67(5):959-64. Abstract
140. Yang D, Wu J, Yuan H, et al. The efficacy and safety of silodosin for the treatment of ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Urol. 2016 May 27;16(1):23.Full text Abstract
141. Escribano J, Balaguer A, Roqué i Figuls M, et al. Dietary interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(2):CD006022.Full text Abstract
142. Goldfarb DS, MacDonald PA, Gunawardhana L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of febuxostat versus allopurinol or placebo in individuals with higher urinary uric acid excretion and calcium stones. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Nov;8(11):1960-7.Full text Abstract
143. Worcester EM. Stones from bowel disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2002 Dec;31(4):979-99. Abstract
144. Pak CY, Fuller C, Sakhaee K, et al. Management of cystine nephrolithiasis with alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine. J Urol. 1986 Nov;136(5):1003-8. Abstract
145. Harper JD, Lingeman JE, Sweet RM, et al. Fragmentation of stones by burst wave lithotripsy in the first 19 humans. J Urol. 2022 May;207(5):1067-76.Full text Abstract
146. Razi A, Farrokhi E, Lotfabadi P, et al. Dexamethasone and ketorolac compare with ketorolac alone in acute renal colic: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2022 Aug;58:245-50. Abstract
147. Garrelfs SF, Frishberg Y, Hulton SA, et al. Lumasiran, an RNAi therapeutic for primary hyperoxaluria type 1. N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 1;384(13):1216-26.Full text Abstract
148. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: radiologic management of urinary tract obstruction. 2019 [internet publication].Full text
149. Canadian Urological Association. Management of ureteral calculi. Dec 2021 [internet publication].Full text
150. Qaseem A, Dallas P, Forciea MA, et al. Dietary and pharmacologic management to prevent recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Nov 4;161(9):659-67.Full text Abstract
151. Brain E, Geraghty RM, Lovegrove CE, et al. Natural history of post-treatment kidney stone fragments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Urol. 2021 Sep;206(3):526-38.Full text Abstract
152. Rule AD, Lieske JC, Li X, et al. The ROKS nomogram for predicting a second symptomatic stone episode. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;25:2878-2886. Abstract
153. Moore SL, Cook P, de Coninck V, et al. Outcomes and long-term follow-up of patients with cystine stones: a systematic review. Curr Urol Rep. 2019 Apr 15;20(6):27. Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer