When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Metabolic syndrome

Última revisión: 11 Aug 2025
Última actualización: 11 Nov 2024

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • hypertension
  • increased BMI
  • increased waist and hip circumferences
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • hyperglycemia
  • metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
  • angina
  • claudication
  • hyperuricemia
  • menstrual disturbances
  • abdominal pain
  • corneal arcus and xanthelasma
  • hirsutism
  • acanthosis nigricans
  • acne
  • hepatomegaly
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • obesity
  • insulin resistance
  • physical inactivity
  • high-saturated-fat diet
  • high-carbohydrate diet
  • excess alcohol consumption
  • increasing age
  • ethnicity
  • smoking
  • positive family history
  • polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
  • hypogonadism
  • hypercortisolism
  • antipsychotics
  • sleep disorders
  • lipodystrophy
  • HIV infection
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • fasting blood glucose
  • fasting triglycerides
  • fasting total cholesterol
  • fasting HDL-cholesterol
  • fasting LDL-cholesterol
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
  • oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
  • serum BUN and creatinine
  • aminotransferases
  • urine albumin-creatinine ratio
  • thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • free T4
  • abdominal ultrasound
  • ECG
  • serum total and free testosterone
  • serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
  • androstenedione
  • serum sex hormone binding globulin
  • serum luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones
  • prolactin
  • ultrasound of ovaries
  • serum uric acid
  • serum estradiol
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

En curso

all patients

Colaboradores

Autores

Panagiotis Anagnostis, MD, PhD

Endocrinologist

Department of Internal Medicine

Medical School

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki

Greece

Divulgaciones

PA declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimientos

Dr Panagiotis Anagnostis would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Faidon Harsoulis, a previous contributor to this topic.

Divulgaciones

FH declared that he had no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Cecilia C. Low Wang, MD, FACP

Professor of Medicine

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine

Aurora

CO

Divulgaciones

CCLW declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009 Oct 20;120(16):1640-5.Texto completo  Resumen

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002 Dec 17;106(25):3143-421.Texto completo  Resumen

Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, et al. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008 Dec;29(7):777-822. Resumen

Grundy SM, Hansen B, Smith SC Jr, et al. Clinical management of metabolic syndrome: report of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Diabetes Association conference on scientific issues related to management. Circulation. 2004 Feb 3;109(4):551-6.Texto completo  Resumen

Grundy SM, Brewer HB Jr, Cleeman JI, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004 Jan 27;109(3):433-8.Texto completo  Resumen

Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019 Jun 18;139(25):e1082-143.Texto completo  Resumen

Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Mertz CN, et al; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation. 2004 Jul 13;110(2):227-39.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
  • Diferenciales

    • Chronic liver disease
    • Cushing syndrome
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    Más Diferenciales
  • Guías de práctica clínica

    • Standards of care in diabetes - 2024​
    • 2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
    Más Guías de práctica clínica
  • Folletos para el paciente

    Diabetes type 2: should I take insulin?

    Diabetes type 2: what are the treatment options?

    Más Folletos para el paciente
  • padlock-lockedInicie sesión o suscríbase para acceder a todo el BMJ Best Practice

El uso de este contenido está sujeto a nuestra cláusula de exención de responsabilidad