Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- hypertension
- increased BMI
- increased waist and hip circumferences
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- hyperglycemia
- metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
- angina
- claudication
- hyperuricemia
- menstrual disturbances
- abdominal pain
- corneal arcus and xanthelasma
- hirsutism
- acanthosis nigricans
- acne
- hepatomegaly
Fatores de risco
- obesity
- insulin resistance
- physical inactivity
- high-saturated-fat diet
- high-carbohydrate diet
- excess alcohol consumption
- increasing age
- ethnicity
- smoking
- positive family history
- polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- hypogonadism
- hypercortisolism
- antipsychotics
- sleep disorders
- lipodystrophy
- HIV infection
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- fasting blood glucose
- fasting triglycerides
- fasting total cholesterol
- fasting HDL-cholesterol
- fasting LDL-cholesterol
Investigações a serem consideradas
- hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
- oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
- serum BUN and creatinine
- aminotransferases
- urine albumin-creatinine ratio
- thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- free T4
- abdominal ultrasound
- ECG
- serum total and free testosterone
- serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
- androstenedione
- serum sex hormone binding globulin
- serum luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones
- prolactin
- ultrasound of ovaries
- serum uric acid
- serum estradiol
Algoritmo de tratamento
all patients
Colaboradores
Autores
Panagiotis Anagnostis, MD, PhD
Endocrinologist
Department of Internal Medicine
Medical School
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki
Greece
Declarações
PA declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimentos
Dr Panagiotis Anagnostis would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Faidon Harsoulis, a previous contributor to this topic.
Declarações
FH declared that he had no competing interests.
Revisores
Cecilia C. Low Wang, MD, FACP
Professor of Medicine
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine
Aurora
CO
Declarações
CCLW declares that she has no competing interests.
Referências
Principais artigos
Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009 Oct 20;120(16):1640-5.Texto completo Resumo
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002 Dec 17;106(25):3143-421.Texto completo Resumo
Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, et al. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008 Dec;29(7):777-822. Resumo
Grundy SM, Hansen B, Smith SC Jr, et al. Clinical management of metabolic syndrome: report of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Diabetes Association conference on scientific issues related to management. Circulation. 2004 Feb 3;109(4):551-6.Texto completo Resumo
Grundy SM, Brewer HB Jr, Cleeman JI, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004 Jan 27;109(3):433-8.Texto completo Resumo
Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019 Jun 18;139(25):e1082-143.Texto completo Resumo
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Mertz CN, et al; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation. 2004 Jul 13;110(2):227-39.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
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